PLANTS WITHOUT SEEDS NON VASCULAR 2 TYPES OF PLANTS NONVASCULAR: plants that DO NOT have tubes that carry water and food throughout the plant VASCULAR PLANT: plants that DO have tubes to carry food and water throughout the plant NEEDED FOR PLANTS TO MOVE TO LAND Need to support the leaves and rest of the body so that they do not collapse What would help support the plant? Stems NEEDED FOR PLANTS TO MOVE TO LAND Need to obtain water and food. What helped the plant to get food and water? Roots, Leaves NEEDED FOR PLANTS TO MOVE TO LAND Need to transport water and food to all different parts of the body. What helped the plant to get food and water to all parts of the body? Vascular tissue( xylem, phloem) NEEDED FOR PLANTS TO MOVE TO LAND Need to prevent excess water loss to the environment. What helped the plant to lose less water? Cuticle: waxy covering 1st PLANTS TO HIT LAND MOSSES LIVERWORTS HORNWORTS MOSSES, LIVERWORTS & HORNWORTS Adapted to land by: Living in places with a lot of water Remaining small in size They are Nonvascular Uses for humans: Decoration (in gardens) Soil conditioner Fuel (dried peat moss) Importance of Non Vascular Plants Usually the first plants to inhabit a new environment. Form a thin layer of soil when they die. They help hold the soil in place which prevents erosion. Nesting material for birds. Peat moss can be burned as fuel. MOSSES LIVERWORTS HORNWORTS PLANTS WITHOUT SEEDS VASCULAR Characteristics of Vascular Plants They can grow much taller than mosses and hornworts They have true leaves, stems and roots Have a waxy coating on their leaves to prevent water loss Reproduce by spores Two types of vascular tissue XYLEM: carries water and minerals throughout the plant Only goes in 1 direction….UP XYLEM Two types of vascular tissue PHLOEM: carries food throughout the plant Goes in both directions PHLOEM Types of seedless vascular plants Whisk Ferns: can be found in swamplands and dry rocky cliffs Rhizomes: horizontal stem of a plant that is usually found underground Types of seedless vascular plants Club Mosses: small, creeping, terrestrial plants Types of seedless vascular plants Horsetails: they are erect, jointed, brittle and grooved, hollow except at the joints Types of seedless vascular plants Ferns: have true leaves but lack flowers and seeds Fronds: part of fern leaf that has the spores Fiddleheads Parts of Ferns Fronds: part of fern leaf that has the spores Parts of Ferns Fiddleheads: uncurled baby ferns Reproduction in plants without seeds Alteration of Generation: sporophyte (produces spores) turn into a gametophyte (produces a new plant) Sexual reproduction that requires water for the sperm to reach the egg Helpful effects of Ferns Popular houseplants Products from fern are used to grow other plants Used in crop to house a bacteria that acts as a fertilizer Some ferns can be eaten as food