Student Diversity
Student Diversity
In what ways are students
diverse?
Impact of Culture
Norms
 Traditions
 Behaviors
 Language
 Perceptions

SHARED
TB: But, I
bearly
know U.
The
internet has
helped to
break down
some
cultural
barriers.
Who Am I?
Write the top three answers that
come to your mind.
Macroculture
European
American
Asian/Pacific
Islander
American
Indian
Shared
National
American
Culture
Hispanic
African
American
Percentages of U.S. Population by Race/Ethnicity
Race/Ethnicity
2000
2006
2010
(1995 Projections)
European American
71.4
73.9
(67.4)
Hispanic
11.9
14.8
(14.6)
African American
12.2
12.4
(12.5)
Asian/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
3.8
4.5
(4.8)
American Indian
0.7
0.8
(0.8)
Source: http://factfinder.census.gov
Socioeconomic Status
Definition
 Disadvantages of Low SES
 Role of Child-Rearing Practices

–
–
–
–
–

Parents are less educated role models
Inconsistent parenting
Less value on creativity
More Punishment
Kinds of Parent-Child Activities differ
Link Between Income and Summer
Learning
Possible Conflicts
Between School and
Cultural Expectations
High and Low Power Distance Cultures
High
Low
Powerful Elite
Upper Class
Large Middle Class
Majority
Lower Economic Class
Source: Eric Law 1993
Socioeconomic Status
Role of Schools As Middle-Class Institutions
School Values
Individuality
Future Time
Orientation
Competition
Control of Nature
Cherish Freedom
Mismatched
Values
Group Loyalty
Focus on Present
Cooperation
Respect and Live
with Nature
Cherish Tradition
School and Community Factors
- Funding
- Desegregation
Ethnicity and Race

Why Have Minority-Group Students
Lagged in Achievement?
–
–
–
–
Socioeconomic Status
Inferior Schools
Instruction Inconsistent with Culture
Low Expectations
Bilingual Programs

Bilingual Education
– Advantages
» Self Esteem
» School Achievement Is Not Dependent On
Language Skills
» Increased Achievement
– Disadvantages
» Not Enough Bilingual Teachers
» Re-segregates Students
Gender and Gender Bias
Assessments
 The Maccoby and Jacklin Study

– Differences Within Sexes Exceeded
Differences Between Sexes
– Experimenters Could Not Control Sex
Assignment
– Only Four Consistent Differences Were Found
Gender and Gender Bias

The Maccoby and Jacklin Study Results &
Updates
–
–
–
–
Verbal
Visual-Spatial
Math
Aggressiveness
Sexism at Home
• Expectations
• Reinforcements
Sexism in the
Classroom
• Observations
• Communication
• Teacher Chivalry
• Conclusions
Percentage of Males and Females who Enrolled in
and Completed High School Courses
Courses
Algebra
Trigonometry or
Geometry
Chemistry or
Physics
English, 3 Years or
More
Foreign Language,
2 Years or more
Percent Males
Completing
81.6
Percent Females
Completing
76.8
60.1
50.3
54.2
42.3
92.8
94.1
39.1
48.1
Learning Styles
 Theories
of Learning Styles
– Different Ways of Learning
– Field Dependence versus Field
Independence (Embedded Figures)
– Impulsive versus Reflective
– Learning Environment Preference