Grammar(1)
Defining relative clauses
A matching
game！！！
Match the two sentences
1.I’m reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates.
I’m reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.
_______________________________________
2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese.
He is a teacher who/ that teaches us Chinese.
_______________________________________
3.I don’t like the man. He is smoking.
I
don’t
like
the
man
who
is
smoking.
____________________________________
4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week.
Where is the picture that you bought last week?
_______________________________________
• 什么是定语从句呢？
答案：修饰前面某一名词或代词
的从句叫定语从句。
结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 句子
The
man ___
who
lives next to us is a
______
________________
定语从句
先行词 关系词
policeman.
A detective is someone
looks for
______ who
___
__________
先行词
关系词 定语从句
clues
to
something
important.
________________________
We are asking anyone
saw anything
_____who
__
____________
先行词 关系词
定语从句
unusual
near
Corn
Street
last
night
to
contact
us.
_________________________________
We are now checking the scene for more
clues
______
which
will help solve the case.
____
___________________
关系词
定语从句
先行词
关系词
关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose
关系副词: when, where, why
关系代词：
指物：that , which
指人：who (主/宾格) , that,
whom（宾格）
关系代词that, which引导的定语从句:
如果先行词是表示物的名词或
代词，关系代词应用that、which.
(作主语或宾语)
which / that (作主语）
This is a dream.
The dream will never come true.
This is a dream which/that will never come true.
The dog has been found.
The dog was lost.
The dog which was lost has been found.
Practise:
1.This is the house which is for sale.
2. The book which is lying on the floor is mine.
which / that （作宾语）
This is the card.
I’ve just received the card.
This is the card ( which / that ) I’ve just got.
（作宾语）
关系代词who, that, whom引导的定语从
句:
如果先行词是表示人的名词
或代词，关系代词应用who, that
(作主语或宾语) whom (作宾语)
who / that 作主语. (不能省)
This is the film star.
The film star is very popular in China.
This is the film star who/ that is very
popular in China. (作主语)
1.The boy who broke the window is called Roy.
2. Do you know the man who spoke at the
meeting yesterday?
3. The girl who is watering the flowers is my
cousin.
who / whom / that 作宾语：( 可省略)
The man is a famous writer.
He described the man just now.
The man ( who/ whom/ that ) he described
just now is a famous writer. (作宾语）
小结：
• that－ 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，
不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。
• which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作
宾语，可以省略.
• who－ 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，
可以省略,（常用whom）
注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语
从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。
Help Millie decide whether the following sentences contain
defining relative clauses.
1. The young man mentioned that he was going to visit his
parents after work.
2. The elderly couple were very sad to hear that their only
son was murdered.
3. The police are now checking the scene for fingerprints
_______
and
other clues that
may help solve the case.
_________
________________
先行词
定语从句
4. There was probably more than ______
one person who
had
_____
something
to do with the murder.先行词
____________________
定语从句
____
5. A
man who
had blood on his shirt was seen running
_______________
先行词Corn Street.定语从句
down
6. People hope that the police will catch the murderer soon.
It’s an invention ____________
which / that is
used for keeping off the rain .
《飘》
Gone with the wind
It’s a book ____________was
which / that
written by Margaret Mitchell.
which / that was built
It’s the Wall ____________
by Chinese people.
It’s an animal that/which….
It’s an animal that / which has big
nose.
So far, the only suspect is a short thin man who
was seen
________
____________________________
Running
down Corn Street at 10 p.m. last night.
Anyone who
can provide useful information should
____________________
Contact the police.
We are now checking the scene for more clues which
will
______
help
solve the case.
__________
Who, which and that can be used as relative pronouns.
We use them to refer to people and / or things.
Relative pronoun
who
which
that
People
√
√
That and which
refer to things.
That is more usual
than which.
Things
√
√
Exercise 1 :用关系代词填空
1. The boy ____________
who / that is playing ping-pong is
my classmate.
2. The e-mail ___________
which/ that I received yesterday
was from my sister.
who / that
3. I hate people ______________
talk much but
do little.
which / that my father bought last
4. The car _____________
month is very beautiful.
whose hair is white is his grandfather.
5. The man ______
whose
6. Is there a student _________
father is a
business man?
which
7. This is the house in ________
we have lived
for 10 years.
8.I’ve never heard of the people and things
________
that you talked about just now.
当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词
只能用that.
有时只能用 that , 不用 which, 常见的情况有六种：
1.当先行词是 all, any, few, little, none,
anything, everything, nothing , everybody,
nobody, everyone, no one 或被它们修饰时。
That’s all that I know.
Is there anything that I can do for you?
He answered few questions that the teacher
asked.
2. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时
That is the most interesting book that I have
ever read.
The first thing that I should do is to review
my lessons.
3. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same等修
饰时。
That’s the only thing that I can do now.
These are the very words that he used.
4. 当主句以 who 或 which开头时，定语从句的
关系词用 that, 而不用 which 或 who.
Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?
Which is the pen that you lost ?
5. 先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.
The man and his dog that I always meet are
standing by the gate.
Exercise 2.
1. My father and his teacher talked a lot about
that they couldn’t
the persons and things ______
remember.
that
2. Say all ________
you know.
3. Is there anything ______
that I can do for you?
当先行词是something, anything, nothing,
all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.
4.This is the first play ________
that I have seen
since I came here.
5. This is the best novel _______
that I have read.
当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系
代词只能用that.
6.Who is the girl _______is
that
standing under the tree?
that we used last Sunday.
7. Which is the machine ____
当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句，
而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用
that.