Grammar
Teacher:AHXAZX——Wangjie
2010年10月29日
Do you like our school?
Let’s look at some photos, then tell me
what they are, and try to describe them in
English.
School gate
Library and statue
The pool and willow
cultural corridor
These are beautiful pictures.
I like the pictures.
These are beautiful pictures that
关系词
先行词
I like.
(在从句中充当宾语)
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）：
在主从复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句的特点：
1.位置：
定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词的后面。
2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫“先行词”。
3.关系词（引导词）：引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。
Revision of
the Attributive Clause
基础知识回顾
关系代词的用法
关系代
词
在从句中所
作的成分
指代
指物
that
主/宾 语
指人
which 主 / 宾 语
who 主 / 宾 语
whom
宾 语
指物
例
句
A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to
read.
the girl(that)we saw yesterday was jim’s
sister. 作宾语时可以省略
The computer which is being used here
is made in Beijing.
The letter(which)I received was from my
brother. 用作宾语时可以省略
指 人 Here comes the girl who wants to see you.
指人
This is the boy(whom/who)you saw just
now.
用作宾语可以省略
关系副词=介词+which
关系副词
指代
所充当的句子成分
when
time
时间状语
where
place
地点状语
why
reason
原因状语
常见考点
1.判断关系代词和关系副词
2.关系代词that 或which 的区别
3.As 和which的区别
4.Whose 用法及转换形式
5.介词+关系代词
6.定语从句注意事项
考点一
如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词
when
I will never forget the day __________
I first went to school.
(which/that)
I will never forget the day __________
we spent in Beijing.
(which/that)
The house __________ we visited is being
repaired now.
where Luxun once lived is being
The house ______
repaired now.
Remember:判断关系代词与关系副词 ：
把关系词放回从句，看它在从句中所作的成分。
1. 如果需要添加词才能使从句完整，那先行词在
从句中作主语、宾语，选择关系代词that或which.
2. 如果不需要添词句子仍然完整，那么先行词在
从句中作状语，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状
语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。
考点二 关系代词 which 和 that的区别
在定语从句中, 当先行词指物时, 下列情况的关系词宜用
that而不用which:
(1)先行词被①形容词最高级；②序数词；③the only,
the very, the right ,the same 修饰时。
This is the only book that I bought today.
(2)先行词为all, everything, something, anything,
nothing, none等不定代词时。
Is this all that is left？
(3) 先行词中既有人又有物时。
Look at the man and his horse that are walking
up the street.
(4)先行词在从句中作表语。
Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.
(5)当主句中含有疑问词which或who时,为避免重复，
常用that 代替who 或which
Which are the books that you bought for me?
(6)主句以there be 开头时
There is little that I can do to make up for the
lost time.
只能用which而不能用that 的情况：
1.介词后面只能用which，即介词+关系代词
This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live.
2.逗号后面只能用which，即非限制性定语从句。
She failed the exam, which made her parents
vary angry.
考点三
as与which引导的定语从句
二者都可以引导非限制定语从句，指代从句中的一部分或整
个句子的内容，有时可以互换。
eg: He married her, as/which
was natural.
不同点：
1.as 本身有“正如……；正像……”之意，而which 没有；
此时as常和 know, see, expect, hope, believe 等连用。
As we all know /As is known to all/ As is well known
As is often the case
As is reported in the newspaper
2.as引导的定语从句可以放在主句前，也可放在主句后，
而which 只能放在主句后。
e.g.
As
we all know, the earth is round.
Tom was late for school again and again, which made
his teacher very angry.
3.当先行词被the same, such修饰时，定语从句需用as引
导,即such…as…, the same…as…
e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting.
This is the same watch as I lost.
区别：This is the same watch that I lost.
the same …as(指同类的东西)
the same …that(指同一个东西)
考点四
whose 用法及转换形式
1. whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词构成所属关系。其
先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。
Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?
This is a book whose cover is green.
2. Whose引导的从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如：
即whose+名词=the +n + of which/whom
=of which/whom + the + n.
He lives in the room
whose
window faces south.
= He lives in the room, the window
of which faces south.
= He lives in the room, of which
the window faces south.
考点五
介词+关系代词
The man
whom you spoke to was a scientist.
The city
which she lives in is far away.
下面两句中的介词能提前吗?
Is this the watch that you are looking for?
The old man whom I am looking after is better .
注意
含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语
动词的后面，不能提前。如：look for, look after,
take care of 等。
Are these two sentences right?
The man to who/whom
you spoke
×
scientist.
The city in that/which
she lives
×
was a
is far away.
注意
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关
系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which 或 whom; 不可用
that 或who 代替
提醒: 介词﹢关系代词(whom/which)引导的定语从句, 关键是判
断介词的选择.
方法一:根据从句中动词的习惯搭配
The speed at which light travels is 3000,000km per second.
方法二:根据先行词的逻辑关系
He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.
考点六
使用定语从句时应注意的问题
1.I don’t like the way ______ he speaks.
A.that
B.which C.how
D.who
当先行词为way时，意
为“方式，方法”，引
导词可以为that, in
which 或省略
使用定语从句时应注意的问题
2. Let me think of a proper situation _______ this
sentence can be used.
A、where
B、that
C、of whom
D、which
先行词是situation,point
case, scene,stage…，
一般用where,或用in
which
使用定语从句时应注意的问题
3.分隔式定语从句
The days are gone forever when
people were looked down upon.
the Chinese
定语从句有时不直接紧靠着先行词，
中间由一个定语，状语或谓语隔开。
4.定语从句和同位语从句
that
(1)The news ________our
volleyball team won the
match made us excited. 同位语从句
that/which told me yesterday is exciting.
(2)The news __________he
定语从句
分析：that
引导 同位语从句，在从句中不充当任成份，并且
引导的句子是说明前一名词的具体内容,在从句中不可省去，也
不可用which 替代。that/which 引导定语从句，在从句中充当
成份，作宾语时可省去，对先行词起修饰作用，“…的”。
This is our teaching building.
Many students are taking
classes in the building.
This is our teaching building
where many students are
taking classes.
Teaching building
We enjoy a beautiful campus.
It is full of trees…
We enjoy a very beautiful campus, which is full
of trees, flowers and fresh air.
trees
the pavilion
cultural corridor
flowers
Many students often go to the
playground to play balls.
They like doing sports
Football field
Those who like doing sports often go to
the playground to play balls.
Basketball court
The Chinese characters on the statue, which
stands in front of the library are meant to
encourage us to be ambitious and strongminded.
Library and statue
写一篇描述我们学校校园风光的
的短文，尽可能的使用定语从句
How are they tested?
• Multiple Choice
• Reading
• Mistakes in your composition
• Writing
1.（10福建）
Stephen Hawking believes that earth is
unlikely to be the only planet
life has
developed gradually.
A. that B
B. where C. which D. whose
2.（10四川10）After graduating from
college，I took some time off to go
travelling，
turned out to be a wise
decision．
A．that B．which
C．when D．where
B
3.（10陕西）The old temple _______ roof
was damaged in storm is now under repair.
D Whose
A. where B. which
C. its D.
4.（10全国Ⅱ）I refuse to accept the blame
for something ________was someone
else’s fault.
A. who
B. that
C. as
D. what
B
______________________________________________
①The
value of the lecture is that it can
present to a large number of people
information which is not readily available
in books,
that it can give you an
books ______
opportunity to hear a specialist develop a
coherent(有条理的) argument, and
that it can
____________
show visual material to a wide audience.
(福建2008, D篇片段)
69. One of the values of the lecture is ______.
A. to make friends through groups
B. to learn more about other people’s ideas
C. to offer a chance to discuss with a specialist
D to present to students information not found in books
D.
② Much of the energy that comes from the Sun
never reaches the Earth’s surface. It is either
reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper
atmosphere. Of the energy that reaches the lower
atmosphere，30% is reflected by clouds or the
atmosphere
Earth’s surface. The remaining 70% warms the
surface of the planet.
(江苏2008, B篇片段)
60. Only a small part of the Sun’s energy reaches the
Earth’s surface because most of it is______.
A. absorbed by the clouds in the lower atmosphere
B. reflected by the gases in the upper atmosphere
C. lost in the upper and lower atmosphere
C
D. used to evaporate water from the oceans and
lakes
＊
① Everybody sleeps in tents, that
is very
______
exciting.
which
② There is an equal number of boys and girls
∧ want to be doctors.
who
④ I read your e-mail to my parents and
showed them the photo you sent＼
it to me.
⑤ Most public libraries also have a reading-
room, ______
that you can sit at the desk and read
where
the daily newspapers, …
＊
Rewrite
1. Xin’an Middle School is a famous school. I
am studying in the school.
Xin’an Middle School where I am studying
is a famous school.
2. Our school is planning to organize a spring
outing for the students. I think it is very
exciting.
Our school is planning to organize a spring
outing for the students, which I think is
very exciting.