Unit 1 Friendship
松阳一中
占燕萍
2006 年 8 月 18日
Warming up and Reading
Learning about language
Using Language
Warming up
and Reading
Great old sayings
True friendship is like sound health; the
value of it is seldom known until it is
lost.
 Don't walk in front of me, I may not follow.
Don't walk behind me, I may not lead.
Walk beside me and be my friend.

Great old sayings
Everyone hears what you say. Friends
listen to what you say. Best friends listen
to what you don't say.
 A real friend is one who walks in when
the rest of the world walks out.
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Some more proverbs
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Friends are like wine, the older, the better.
When you meet your friend, your face shines—
you have found gold.
A friend to all is a friend to none.
The same man cannot be both friend and
flatterer.
The best mirror is an old friend.
False friends are worse than open enemies.
Walking with a friend in the dark is better than
walking alone in the light.
Friendship cannot always stand on one side.
The friendship that can end is never real.
With clothes the new are best, with friends the
old are best.
Discussion:
What do you think a friend should
be like? List what a friend
should do and share the list with
your partners.
Positive:
honest, friendly, open-minded,
generous(大方的),helpful, patient(耐
心的), good-tempered(好脾气的),
trustworthy(可信任的), careful, full of
love, caring, responsible(有责任感的)，
brave, easygoing(随和的),
outgoing(好交际的), warm-hearted,
kind, selfless(无私的), tolerant(宽大
的), intelligent(聪明的)
Negative:
selfish(自私的)，tricky(狡猾的),
dishonest, bad-tempered,
mean(小气的), impatient,
narrow-minded(心胸狭窄的),
lazy, gossipy
As a good friend,
what should you do?
Help him/her when he/she is in trouble.
Share each other’s good mood and bad mood.
Often play and meet together
Respect each other
☺ Does a friend always have to
be a person? What else can be
your friend?
☺Do you think a diary can become
your friend? Why or why not?
☺ What do you know about the
World War II?
Anne
Anne’s
diary
Born on June 12,
1929, Anne Frank
was a GermanJewish teenager
who was forced to
go into hiding
during the
Holocaust
1934年，出席布克博格
纳粹党集会的希特勒。
1938年，犹太学
生在纳粹党经营
的学校受尽耻辱。
黑板上写着：
“犹太族是我们
最大的敌人，千
万别接近他们!”
1938年3月，奥
地利与德国合并，
犹太人被迫清洗
维也纳的街道。
犹太人在纳粹宣传笔下
的形象，反映了历史深
远的反犹太思想。这个
宣传海报把犹太人描述
为将现代德国钉死在十
字架上的一群。
The
Second
World War
Nazi crime
Background
This is a true story. It took place in
Amsterdam, Holland in the early
1940s after the German Nazis had
occupied most of Europe. The Nazi
Party ruled Germany from 1933 to
1945. One of their key policies was
to kill all the Jews in Europe. If any
persons known to be Jews were
found, they would be sent to
concentration camps farther east,
mostly in Poland. Families were
separated and transported in trains.
For many days, they went
without food, water, sanitation
or fresh air. To avoid this
terrible fate, some Jewish
families went into hiding, often
with the help of non-Jewish
friends.This diary was written
during the time when Anne and
her family moved to escape
from being killed by Nazis.
Reading method
when
where
who
what
why
how
Reading
Skimming:
Who/ what is Anne’s best friend?
Her diary Kitty.
When did the story happen?
The story happened during World War II.
Reading
Scanning:
What did she do?
She hid away in order not to be caught by the
German Nazis. At the same time she kept a diary.
Why did she do that way?
She did that way in order not to be caught by the
German Nazis.
How did she enjoy herself?
She kept a diary.
Scanning
Fill in the form below
The time of the story
World War 2
The place of the story
Netherlands
The heroine of the story
Anne’s best friend
The length of time they
hid away
The date of the diary
Anne
her diary--Kitty
two years
Thursday 15,June,1944
Join the correct part of the
sentences
1 Anne kept a diary
because C
2 She felt very lonely
because A
3 They had to hide
because B
4 Anne named her diary
Kitty because E
5 They were finally
caught because D
A she couldn't meet her
friends.
B Jews were caught by Nazis
and put away.
C she could tell everything to
it.
D they were discovered.
E she thought it was her best
friend.
Choose the correct answers
B
1 Anne Frank and her family hid away for___
A over a year
B over two years
C three years
C one year and a half
C
2 According to Anne ,a true friend is a person___
A that would laugh at you B who makes you happy
C whom you can trust
D who could save your life
3 Anne said that she had grown crazy about nature
D
because___
A her interest in nature
B she had always been so
had grown
C she had been outdoors D she had been indoors too long
too long
4 She didn’t dare open the window when the moon was
A
bright .That’s because___
A they might be discovered
B her family might be disturbed
C it was very cold
D a thief might get into the room
5
A
B
C
D
B
Anne and her family were caught by German Nazis___
about June 1945
about February 1945
about December 1944
about November 1944
Guessing in groups
Read the dairy again and pay
special attention to the boldfaced
words. Then discuss in groups the
inside meanings of them. Then
think of some other words or
expressions to describe Anne’s
feelings and thoughts.
Read the passage again and fill the following form:
Time
Nature
Before
hiding
Blue sky, songs
of birds,
moonlight,
flowers
Darkness, rain,
wind,
thundering
clouds
After hiding
Feeling
Never felt
spellbound
Grew crazy
What do the boldfaced parts imply?
Words/phrases
nature
outdoors
What is implied
the blue sky, the singing birds,
flowers, the bright moon
free
crazy
anxious, eager, thirsty
didn’t dare
thundering
entirely
power
scared, frightened , thrilled
helpless, depressed,
lonely
Reading
Intensive reading
Students work in pairs to discuss the
following open questions:
1.Why did the windows stay closed?
2.How did Anne feel?
3.What do you think of Anne?
4.Guess the meanings of “spellbound”, “ hold
me entirely in their power” from the
discourse(语篇,上下文).
Intensive Reading
① Why did the windows stay closed?
They shut the windows in order not to
be found and caught by the Nazis.
② How did Anne feel?
She was afraid of being found and at the
same time was eager to touch the outside
world.
③ What do you think of Anne?
Give your own answers.
④ Guess the meanings of “spellbound”,
What is the meaning of “spellbound”?
Use another word to substitute it.
Spellbound means to concentrate
with delight for some time.
Interested.
Discussion
(Optional)
1. What would you miss most if you
went into hiding like Anne and her
family ? Explain why .
Clue:Your answers may vary but must include
a reason.
2. How would you describe Anne’s
feeling as she was looking out into the
night sky?
Clue: You could describe Anne’s feeling as sad
and lonely.She realized what she was missing by
going into hiding.
Activity
Four students a group to discuss the situation:
Suppose you four have to hide yourselves
for 3 months. During the three months, you
will be offered the basic food, water and
clothes. Your group can take 5 things with
you.
What will you take? Why?
How will you spend the 3 months?
How will you treat each other and make
friends ?
Homework:
1.Write a short story about
Anne’s life of hiding away.
2.Tick out sentences that you
think are difficult for you.
3.Surf the Internet to find more
information about Anne and to
read more about Anne’s diary.
Learning about
language
1. Answer keys for Ex1 on Page4:
1. trust
2.upset
3.loose
4.calm down
5.crazy
6. set down
7. go through
8. on purpose
9. face to face
10. according to
2. Answer keys for Ex. 2 on page 4:
upset that
Anne’s sister, Margot, was very ______
the family had to move. She found it
difficult to settle and ___________
calm down in the
concerned
hiding place because she was _________
about
______ whether they would be discovered.
trust her parents
She knew she had to _______
to them this was necessary.
and according
___________
At first she thought she would go crazy
_______
but later she realized that it was better to
go
through this together.
___________
3. Answer keys for Ex.3 on page 4:
1.
2.
3.
4.
If you are concerned about somebody, you
want to offer help because you are worried
about him/her.
Was it an accident or did David do it on
purpose?
From the very beginning, Paul made it clear
that he would be entirely in control.
He used to work outdoors even in the
middle of winter.
5. Nature is all the animals, plants
and other things in the world
that are not made by people,
and all the events that are not
caused by people.
6. Just the thought of more food
made her feel sick.
have to = have got to
It’s a duty to do something.
Assignment: find out all the sentences in
warming up and reading that contain
have to or have got to. And then transfer
it into the other form. (5 sentences)
Grammar
Direct and
Indirect Speech
直接引语和间接引语
Discovery:观察句子，找出
直接引语、间接引语的规则
1) He said , “I’m going to Beijing.”
→ He said that he was going to Beijing.
2) He asked, “Are you a teacher?”
→ He asked me if /whether I was a doctor.
3) She said , “What are you doing?”
→ She asked me what I was doing.
直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化
•陈述句
用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句
的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told
来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb.
that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that
He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ”
He said to us that he had been to the Great
Wall.
He said, “I'll give you an examination next
Monday. ”
He told us that he would give us an
examination the next Monday.
陈述句:
“I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.
Sarah said to her friends that I don’t like
computers.
Sarah said
she
didn’t
Sarah said to her friends that she didn’t like
computers.
一般疑问句
•间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中
谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，
语序是陈述句的语序

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
He said, “Do you have any difficulty with
pronunciation?”
He asked (me) whether/if I had any
difficulty with my pronunciation.
He said, “You are interested in English,
aren't you?”
He asked whether I was interested in
English.
一般疑问句:
Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?
( They asked him )
It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.
They asked him
asked
if
it is easy to improve the
condition of the soil.
is
was
They asked him if it was easy to improve the
condition of the soil.
特殊疑问句
•原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主
句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，语序
改为陈述句语序
He said to me，“What's your name?”
 He asked me what my name was.
 He asked us, “How many car factories have
been built in your country?”
 He asked us how many car factories had
been built in our country.

特殊疑问
句：
When do you harvest the wheat ?
( They asked him )you harvest the wheat
They asked him When you harvest the wheat.
he
harvested
They asked him when he harvested the wheat.
选择疑问句
•用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也
不用either…or…
He asked, “Do you speak English or
French?”
 He asked me whether I spoke English or
French.
 I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”
 I asked him whether he would take bus or
take train.

在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化
1. 注意时态的变化
2. 注意人称变化。
3. 注意指示代词的变化
4. 注意时间的变化
5. 注意地点的变化
6. 注意个别趋向动词的变化
When you change a sentence from
direct speech to indirect speech, you
sometimes need to change the verb
tense. You may also need to change
pronouns , time in order to keep the
same meaning.


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

Direct
Present
Past
Present perfect
Past perfect
indirect
past
past and past perfect
past perfect
past perfect
谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：
1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语
时，时态不变
The geography teacher said, “The sun
rises in the east and sets in the west.”
The geography teacher told us that the
sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
2. 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话
时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变
The children said, “We love this game.”
They told us that they love that game.
3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述
时，时态不变。
She says, “I’ll never forget the days in
the country.”
She says that she’ll never forget the
days in the country.
从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况:
1. 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候
2. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状
语时
3. 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从
句，表示过去的时间时
4. 当引语是谚语、格言时
5. 当直接引语中有情态动词should,
would, could, had better, would rather,
might, must, ought to, used to, need时
直接引语
指示代词
时
间
状
语
this,
that,
those
now,
today
this week
then, that day
that week
yesterday
the day before
last week
the week before
four days ago
four days before
the day before
yesterday
tomorrow
next month
the next day
the next month
here
there
地点状语
方向性动词
these
间接引语
come,
bring
two days before
go,
take
直接引语中的助动词 间接引语中的助动词
shall
should
should
Should（不变）
will
would
would
Would（不变）
may
might
might
Might（不变）
can
could
could
Could（不变）
must
Must/had to
Exercises:
1. He said , “I m afraid I can’t finish this work.”
He said that he was afraid he couldn’t finish that
work.
2.He said , “I haven’t heard from him since May.”
He said that he hadn’t heard from him since May.
3.Tom said “I will see you next week.”
Tom said that he would see me the next week.
4. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me.
The teacher asked me why I was late again.
5. “I don’t like swimming,” said Sarah.
Sarah said she didn’t like swimming.
6. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian.
His friends asked him, “Will you go to Dalian?”
7. “Have you been to Paris?” My classmate asked me.
My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.
高考链接
1.
C
Readers can ________
quite well without
knowing the exact meaning of each word.
A. get over
B. get in
C. get along
D. get through
解析：答案C。本题主要考查具体语境中
get短语的用法。全句意为：尽管读者不
知道每个单词的确切含义，但他们能够很
好得读懂，即读书进展得顺利，故用get
along。
高考链接
2. It’s hard for me to imagine what I would be
doing today if I ______
B in love, at the age of
seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my
hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen
C. should fall
D. were to fall
解析：答案B。本题考查了fall in love在虚拟语气
中的应用，从标志性时间状语at the age of
seven看，宾语从句内容意指过去。在虚拟语气
结构中，若指过去，从句中动词形式用过去完成
时，主句中谓语动词形式用would/should/might/
could/have done。
高考链接
3. Father went to his doctor for _______
B
about his heart trouble.
A. an advice
B. advice
C. advices
D. the advices
解析：答案B。Advice若作“忠告，劝告，
建议”讲，无论什么情况下都不可数，故
A、C、D各项均属错误。Advice前不能
用不定冠词，但可被some，much，a lot
of/lots of，a piece of，a bit of，a word
of等修饰。
高考链接
4. I wonder how he ____
D that to the teacher.
A. dare to say
B. dare saying
C. not dare say
D. dared say
解析：答案D。本题主要考查了dare作为
情态动词和实义动词的基本用法。作为实
义动词，dare有人称、数和时态的变化，
故dare to say与主语he相悖；dare doing
结构本身错误；dare的否定形式应为dare
not do(情态动词)或don’t/doesn’t/didn’t
dare (实义动词) to do。
Homework
Review the knowledge of direct
speech and indirect speech
and summarize the rules.
Using language
Warming up
1.Read the letter to Miss Wang and find out
what was upsetting Lisa.
2.Listen to what Miss Wang says, and then
answer the questions in Exe.2.
3.Listen to the tape again and try to spell out
the missing words in Exe.3.
Talking about designing
a questionnaire
Work in groups of four. Design a
questionnaire to find out what kind of
friends your classmates are, using the quiz
in the Warming Up as an example.
1. Check the questionnaire through and try it
out on your own group.
2. Share your questionnaire with another
group and try each other’s questionnaires.
Discussion
How to make friends with others?
Read the letter on page 7,
and think about how to make
friends?
Act in groups of two: one
acts Xiaodong, and the other
gives him advice.
Making suggestions and giving advice:
1.
2.
3.
4.
I think/suppose that we’d better be going soon
How/what about going for a swim?
I strongly advise you to give up smoking as soon as possible?
Don’t you think it would be a good idea to park the car first?
Accepting advice:
1. That is a good/wonderful idea. Thank you!
2. Yes, I suppose I’d better.
3. Right, I’ll try /do that. Thanks!
4. That’s certainly not a bad idea.
Rejecting advice:
1. I’m afraid that won’t help me!
2. I don’t think I can/it’s possible
3. Isn’t there anything else I can do?
4. That’s not a bad idea, but I am afraid…
Guided writing
1. Read the letter to the editor from Xiaodong
and make sure you know what problem
Xiaodong has.
2. Discuss in groups of four. Think what
advice you can give Xiaodong.
3. Write your advice to Xiaodong as an editor
individually.
Writing assessment
1. Can you give Xiaodong some good advice?
2. I s your letter well developed?
3. Are your ideas well organized to the point?
4.Do you have a good choice of words and idioms in
your writing?
5.Do you get a good mastery of complex structures of
language?
6.What kind of mistakes have you made in your writing?
What can you do to avoid such mistakes?