1. Pillar 2: Overall coherence and efficiency of the INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Contents 1. Pillar 2: Overall coherence and efficiency of the INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ........ 1 1.1 State of Play ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2 The Way Forward .................................................................................................... 5 1.2.1 Actions: scope and expected impact .................................................................... 5 1.3. Impact and results indicators ..................................................................................10 1.4. List of Annexes corresponding to Pillar 2 ...............................................................18 This Pillar contains a main text (Strategy), a table with the specific actions (Action plan) and annexes. The annexes are complementing documents. They must be read in the light of the Strategy and Action plan and cannot amend or contradict the actions as set out in the Strategy and Action plan. Those texts always prevail over the annexes. Page 1 of 18 1.1 State of play The current institutional framework is the result of a complex process of organizing the central functions in public procurement launched in the context of the EU accession process and continuously evolving in order to adjust to the systemic national developments and to respond to challenges and requirements to be fulfilled from a broader EU compliance perspective. The central functions of the public procurement system are distributed among the following institutions with key competencies in the field: i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. ANRMAP – legislative function; advisory and operational support, ex-ante verifications at the level of tender documentations, ex-post control, monitoring and international coordination; UCVAP – ex-ante control at the level of tender evaluation; CNSC – non-judiciary, administrative first instance solving complaints lodged against public procurement procedures; AADR – e-procurement (e-licitatie platform); Court of Accounts – audit and control activities; Competition Council – control activities; Courts of Appeal – second instance for solving complaints. With regard to the management of EU funds, in line with the provisions of the applicable Regulations (1083/2006, 1303/2013, etc.) the managing authorities and the certifying authority are obliged to certify the eligible expenditure, while the Audit Authority audits the expenditure declared to the Commission. Subsequently, a distinct system of ex-post control on public procurement is developed and applied for EU funds. A detailed presentation of the institutional set-up and the allocation of functions are presented in Annex 1 to Pillar 2. It is not in the remit of the new public procurement Directives to address the configuration of the key procurement functions to be performed in the Member States. However, the directives set the ground for an unprecedented dynamic public procurement environment, which is considerably growing in complexity. E-procurement, social inclusion, environmental targets, energy efficiency and innovation are key elements that Romania and the other Member States, have to integrate in their public procurement policy. This requires an optimal configuration of the system functions, which takes into account and creates a fertile ground for these new considerations. It should also contribute to the fight against corruption and the development of professionalization of contracting authorities. The current blockages and lack of efficiency in the functioning of the current public procurement system requires a shift of paradigm and a new model to ensure a strategic dimension to public procurement and effective interlinks between functions. Page 2 of 18 An in-depth analysis1 of the current performance of functions has been carried out. The objectives were to identify the systemic deficiencies of the institutional system and to tackle the triggers of the problems by identifying alternatives adapted to the Romanian context to ensure the missing coherence and efficiency of the system. The main identified features and deficiencies of the institutional framework for the period 2006-2015 are as follows: 1. There is no systemic approach to the public procurement institutional framework to ensure a dynamic interaction between functions on the basis of a checks and balances approach. In the current framework, the institutions seem to perform in isolation various functions of the system, with limited communication or coordination on issues of mutual interest. There are no initiatives to stimulate an integrated performance of functions or a cross-fertilisation and harmonization between institutions’ best practices, a prerequisite for a functional overarching system. 2. There are no indicators on the performance of the public procurement functions and there is no comprehensive assessment on the functioning of the system in terms of efficiency, effectiveness or degree of integration of procurement functions. 3. The institutional framework is insufficiently focused on the effective and efficient use of public funds. Rather than relying on the principles of maximising the capacity of public spending, the current institutional activities are mainly focused on procedural compliance aspects, while value for money or efficiency are disregarded. 4. There is a strong focus on compliance, legislation and controls, without considering essential strategic functions such as policy-making and market monitoring. Moreover, certain functions are not properly performed due to scarce resources, to the tendency to support the more “visible” functions and to favor short-term results (e.g. controls) rather than structural actions with long-term impact (e.g. observing market response). Under these circumstances, even if some of the important functions of the system are de jure foreseen in the legislation, however de facto are performed purely formal, with little or no added value. 5. The strong focus on regulatory functions and control leads to an unbalanced system and to massive lack of ownership at the level of the contracting authorities. This tendency is an indicator of the same rigid legality pattern, which has discouraged the use of public procurement as a tool for development. 6. The lack of inter-institutional cooperation is a major source of conflicting practices and deficiencies in the system. The Romanian public procurement institutional framework is largely characterized by inconsistent implementation and interpretation of the complex and continuously changing publ 1 A significant number of reports, including official documents, have also highlighted deficiencies of the institutional framework: Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on Progress in Romania under the Cooperation and Verification Mechanism, COM (2015) 35, January 2015 Council recommendation of 8 July 2014 on the National Reform Programme 2014 of Romania and delivering a Council opinion on the Convergence Programme of Romania, 2014 (2014/C 247/21); Assessment of the Public Procurement System in Romania, Final Report. Deloitte. August 2011 Page 3 of 18 ic procurement legislation. Such inconsistencies are present both within and among institutions. Up to present, various protocols of collaboration have been signed but not enforced. 7. The capacity of the Romanian procurement system to efficiently regulate the economic activity and market reply has not been developed. The current indicators used by the authorities are purely statistical without considering substantial market intelligence that could feed in the policy making focusing on the economic dimension of the procurement market. An in-depth analysis has been performed at the level of each function revealing a series of further deficiencies: i. ii. iii. iv. Policy making function is underdeveloped due to a lack of strategic vision of the procurement policy. The cross-sectorial impact is neither assessed nor promoted (e.g. energy efficiency and environmental targets, social inclusion, etc.); policy making and market monitoring functions are not interlinked. Currently policy making is not performed by any of the central institutions at Governmental level and the coordination of international and intra-EU public procurement is quasi-absent. There is no efficient central guidance/help-desk. In addition, guidance is often replaced with opinions for the interpretation of legislation and is not correlated to the best practices or performance of the other functions (e.g. control). The current monitoring is limited to sets of statistics such as the number of contract notices, the types of procedures or contracting authorities, not allowing a comprehensive description of the market (failures of the market, efficiency and effectiveness of the public procurement system, degree of competition, rejection rate of bidders, market size, SMEs penetration, participation of the bidders, statistics on price estimation). Data are not evaluated/interpreted and cannot be used for the purposes of real market monitoring. Ex-ante control on the tender documentation and ex-ante control for tender evaluation focus on different aspects that are not integrated and do not sufficiently communicate with each other. There is no mediation mechanism to issue opinions/interpretations acknowledged by the stakeholders of the system. a) Ex-ante control of the tender documentation screens exclusively the information included in the Data Sheet, without considering the scope of work/technical specifications – mostly qualification and award criteria, spotting neither discriminatory contractual clauses nor biased or sub-standard technical specifications. On the other hand, a detailed justification is required to use the most economically advantageous tender criterion. This approach encourages contracting authorities to use the lowest price criterion, thus impeding the development of strategic procurement policies and encouraging the lack of ownership at the level of contracting authorities; Page 4 of 18 b) Ex-ante control for tender evaluation does not focus on critical stages of the procedures and the observations are not always focused on the essential aspects of the award procedure or on the legality analysis of the decision of the evaluation committees on the rejected / winning bidders. v. In the absence of a common approach, ex-post control is performed by various institutions when analyzing similar tender documents/procedures. This triggers a generalized defensive approach of the contracting authorities which take the lowest risk option in subsequent procedures (i.e. extremely lax qualification criteria, annulment of procedures, etc.) vi. The alleged large number of appeals/complaints2 was perceived by the administration rather as an abuse of the economic operators than as an indicator of lack of capacity in the public procurement system. Legislative solutions envisaged (guarantee for good conduct) were set aside by the Constitutional Court3 and are also subject to an EU pilot case opened by the European Commission in December 2014. A balanced legislative solution should be identified in order to address the possibility to lodge a complaint whenever considered justified during the procedure, without leading to substantial delays in the process. Moreover, the lack of unitary interpretation/jurisprudence of the remedy body (National Council for Solving Complaints - NCSC), the Court of Appeals and between CNSC and the Courts is a key element impacting on the predictability of the decisions and affecting the entire system. The lack of a general supervision function leads to the absence of corrective measures at the level of the entire system. vii. Addressing the above-identified shortcoming requires a set of coherent and focused actions. 1.2 The Way Forward 1.2.1 Actions: scope and expected impact The core part of the institutional reform requires targeted measures to enhance the future coherence and efficiency of the institutional framework. Stable and accountable institutions are paramount in the context of the new public procurement Directives implementation, in line with the overall Europe 2020 objectives. 2 5739 complaints in 2013; the large number of complains does not necessarily entail an abuse of the economic operators, it is rather an indicator of the lack of capacity in the public procurement system. In 2014, the total number of complaints decreased to 3753, mainly following the adoption of GEO 51/2014 and the introduction of a guarantee of good conduct to be established by any economic operator lodging a complaint related to a public procurement procedure. However, the rate of admittance remained high (around 35%), showing that the structural causes of the complaints were not efficiently tackled. 3 Decision no. 5/15 January 2015 of the Constitutional Court Page 5 of 18 Considering the lessons learnt and the identified deficiencies, appropriate remedial measures are required in order to allow a shift from the pure compliance paradigm towards an approach capable to “unlock growth”: A. Reinforcing public procurement policy at central Governmental level Two of the most important challenges faced by all EU Member States today are to ensure that public procurement contributes directly to economic growth and jobs and to the efficient use of public funds. A reformed institutional system is required, considered in a broader perspective, capable to implement solutions aimed at ensuring: the long term stability and objectivity of the institutional framework; a close link with and contribution to the achievement of general governmental policy objectives; the efficiency of public spending; close links between all functions of the system underpinning each other and not operating in isolation. Following extensive consultations in the public procurement working group, it has been agreed that it is important to place the responsibility of public procurement policy making within an institution familiar with the operational dimension of public procurement and in direct contact with the realities on the field. Consequently, following also the recommendation of the European Commission, the National Authority for Public Procurement (ANAP) was set up by the Romanian Government by merging UCVAP and ANRMAP under the authority of the Ministry of Public Finance4, as the main institution overseeing public investment management and ensuring quality of public spending. Considering the overall responsibility of the Ministry of Public Finance to ensure the transparency and accountability of public funds spending and also its active role in the management of public investment reinforced by the Emergency Governmental Ordinance no. 88/2013, the new system will aim at ensuring a proper correlation between the activity of management, allocation of public funds and their spending throughout the entire investment cycle, in a comprehensive and overarching approach. Moreover, the aim is to ensure that the ex-ante control shall be applied in a unitary manner, while the functions shall be inter-linked in order to ensure a coherent system and a policy-making mechanism adapted to the reality on the field. The responsibilities of the newly created institution are: policy and law making, guidance, help-desk and operational support, ex-ante control, monitoring and supervision of the public procurement system. The detailed performance of functions shall be developed in a 4 Emergency Governmental Ordinance no. 13/2015, published in the Official Gazette no. 362/26th of May 2015. Page 6 of 18 subsequent Governmental Decision5, in full compliance with the outcome of the discussions in the public procurement working group and the current strategy. B. Ensuring checks and balances and cross-sectorial approach in promoting public procurement policy The connection between strategic and operational level as well as the validation of policies at Government level should be secured and strengthened by the Inter-Ministerial Committee for Public Procurement grouping (on basis of the existing committee6) the main public procurement relevant institutions (ANAP, CNSC, AADR), ministries (Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Economy, Ministry of European Funds, Ministry of Development, Ministry of Economy) and control bodies (Court of Accounts, Competition Council, National Agency for Integrity). The Committee shall convene on a regular basis (every 3 months), ensuring the overall coherence of the public procurement system and providing strategic guidance to the development of functions, policies, etc. in direct connection with the market environment, based on regular consultations of external stakeholders and civil society. The Inter-Ministerial Committee for Public Procurement is designed to act as a checks & balances mechanism built into the policy making function in order to provide independent policy review and ensure strategic guidance of the procurement system. C. Enforcing a mechanism for inter-institutional co-operation A mechanism for inter-institutional co-operation has been established in order to ensure systemic coordination meetings between the main public procurement actors (ANRMAP, UCVAP, CNSC, CSM, CCR, AA and MFE). The preliminary phase implies constant prescreening of the issues leading to different interpretations of the relevant PP institutions. The agenda of the meetings is agreed on the basis of the differences of interpretation identified and reported to all actors involved. During the meetings, the conflicting interpretations are jointly assessed and the institutions decide on a common final approach. In case differences of opinion persist and there is not a common understanding reached, the final responsibility to issue the final interpretation belongs to ANAP. The cooperation results either in issuing guidance to be published on ANAP web site or, in duly justified cases, tertiary legislation to be published in the Official Gazette. The guidance and the tertiary legislation shall serve as reference for all the stakeholders that are part of the 5 In compliance with art. 1 (3) and art. 5(4) of EGO no.13/2015 ANAP shall function once the subsequent Governmental Decision enters into force. 6 Prime-Minister Decision no 218/2014 to set up an Inter-ministerial committee for the elaboration of the National Strategy for Public Procurement. Page 7 of 18 mechanism for inter-institutional co-operation. They will be integrated in the web-based guidelines (see pillar 1) A detailed description of the mechanism is outlined in Annex 2 to Pillar 2. D. Reforming and reinforcing public procurement central functions The public procurement working group carried out an extensive analysis of the public procurement functions current level of performance. The group also defined a complex set of actions for improvement to be implemented by the end of 2016 as part of the Strategy, as follows: i. The helpdesk function will be developed on basis of the current pilot project dedicated to EU funded projects and will be rolled out also to national funding. The system will secure a single inquiry point, appropriate level of access, userfriendliness, reliable information and protection against unauthorized access. A common approach in replying to the requests should be ensured, regular update of know-how and good practices. The issues to be advertised online will be subject to a constant screening, prioritization and adjusted to the real needs of the CAs. The helpdesk output will also be adjusted to the CNSC, ANRMAP or courts case-law and will ensure cross-links with the future web-based guideline (operational support). Annex 3 to Pillar 2 describes in detail how the new help-desk function will be extended to national funds. ii. Operational support will be provided by the development of web-based guidelines, which shall include standard bidding documents for key sectors. Based on the current experience, standard documents shall be mandatory as a whole, partially or facultative. Web-based guideline project is outlined in Annex 5 to Pillar 1. iii. A set of complex measures to reinforce and ensure efficiency of the control system as well as prevention of conflict of interest will be taken. The detailed presentation of the current situation and main actions envisaged is part of Pillar 3 of the Strategy. iv. The current remedies system will be improved by a set of systemic complementary measures aimed at ensuring consistent case law and predictability of decisions. Measures will be designed to prevent the abusive use of administrative and judicial complaints, while observing economic operators’ right to lodge complaints. In practice, prior notification of the Contracting Authority will be made compulsory, providing the opportunity to CAs to take adequate corrective measures prior to a formal complaint being lodged. The notification will have to be made within the Page 8 of 18 minimum deadlines required by the Remedies directive for applying for review (art. 2c of Directive 89/665/EEC). The contracting authority will have to answer any notification within a timeframe allowing both for investigation and speediness (a timeframe of approximately 10 days is envisaged). Applications for review can only be lodged following the answer of the contracting authority or a failure to answer within the deadline. The deadlines for complaints start only after the notification procedure. The treatment of complaints will be restricted to specific of stages in order to prevent a multiple “stop and go” process, detrimental to the procedure7. It will be decided whether the same is to be applied to the notification of the contracting authority. Notifications to the contracting authority and applications for review to CNSC will be free of fees or other costs, or any additional and specific guarantee to be provided by the applicant. At the level of the Courts of Appeal specialized panels for public procurement will be created, as will be foreseen in the legislation for transposing remedies. . The training of the judges will be ensured. In order to ensure predictability and a result-oriented system, in cases of reevaluation, CNSC / Court decisions will include clear reference to how such reevaluation should be performed by indicating precisely what should be performed differently as against the initial evaluation. Internal mechanisms have already been developed at CNSC level by President Order no 32/09.04.2015 aimed at ensuring consistency of interpretation between panels. A better structuring of CNSC web-database shall significantly contribute to the visibility and coherence of jurisprudence. Mechanisms to facilitate a common approach of CNSC and the courts will be established. Specialized panels for public procurement will be set-up and the new legislation for transposition of remedies Directive shall include this specific requirement. Training of the judges for specialization in public procurement will also be a key priority action. v. 7 An effective monitoring function shall be set up on basis of key performance indicators that will provide information on market size, intensity of competition or potential irregular behaviour. The detailed presentation of the current situation and main actions envisaged is part of Pillar 5 of the Strategy. The current deadline is 10 days from the moment when the operator is aware of an act of the contracting authority Page 9 of 18 iv. Supervision of the public procurement system will be performed by ANAP to ensure that contracting authorities act in line with the legal framework in force during all phases of the procedure. Supervision will rely on the monitoring function, on the exante and ex-post activities revealing in real time systemic problems or irregularities. When systemic dysfunctions are revealed using various red-flags8 (e.g. for corruption, bad performance, unlawful final acceptance of the works or other irregularities), ANAP will define the nature of the problem and refer it to the competent authorities for corrective actions. In order to achieve that, the existing protocols (e.g. with the Anti-fraud Department, Competition Council and National Integrity Agency) will be reinforced and extended to ensure the system reacts when irregularities or dysfunctions are identified. 1.3 . Impact and results indicators The monitoring mechanism described under the chapter “Risks, governance and performance monitoring” is directly applicable for the monitoring of indicators and expected results described under this headline. With regard to the institutional pillar, the following indicators of impact are envisaged: 8 Red-flags indicators are further defined within Chapter 5 of the Strategy. Page 10 of 18 Summary of proposed actions, lead and contributing institutions, completion timescales and planned impacts Identified Proposed Action issue/trigger for the action Lead Contributors KPI Deadline Source of Planned Impacts Information A. Reinforcing public procurement policy at central Governmental level Adoption of the MPF Governmental Decision for the functioning of ANAP, including the organisational chart Main stakeholders Functions set up in July 2015 compliance with the National Strategy for Public Procurement Strategic dimension of the institutional framework has to be ensured Policy making function Setting up ANAP is underdeveloped New premises Sufficient human resources MPF Fully structure Official Gazette Ensured long term stability and objectivity of the institutional framework; ensured efficiency of public spending and interfunctionality of the functions operational October 2015 July 2016 Page 11 of 18 Identified Proposed Action issue/trigger for the action Lead Contributors KPI Adequate payment level Set up of the Department for ANAP Public Procurement Policy within the National Agency for Public Procurement Adoption of clear, coherent ANAP and visible methodology/procedures to formulate and promote the policy in public procurement Deadline Source of Planned Impacts Information December 2015 (Law for approval EGO 13 / 2015) MFP Mechanisms put in September place to ensure 2015 efficient policy making, interlinked with the other key functions in public procurement ROF - Internal terms of Reference for ANAP organization and functioning Enhanced quality, efficiency and responsibility in promoting public procurement policy Regular assessment October reports of the policy 2015 Reports, Internal terms of Reference for ANAP organization and functioning Implementation of the policy function; Ensured strategic vision of the procurement policy; ensured cross-sectorial impact assessment Adjustments performed to the policy initially formulated B. Ensuring checks and balances and cross-sectorial approach in promoting public procurement policy Page 12 of 18 Identified Proposed Action issue/trigger for the action Lead Adoption of the Prime MPF Minister Decision to set up Public procurement the Inter-Ministerial policy aligned to growth Committee for Public objectives Procurement No systemic approach Adoption of the working MPF to the public methodology (terms of procurement reference) of the Interinstitutional framework Ministerial Committee for Public Procurement Contributors KPI Main stakeholders Proposals and August 2015 decisions for the elaboration, adjustment and/or implementation of policy August 2015 ANAP site No. of July 2015 guidelines/instructions issued on the interpretation of particular elements that have been previously subject of different approaches ANAP site Main stakeholders Deadline Source of Planned Impacts Information Ensured strategicoriented approach in policy promotion ANAP site C. Enforcing a mechanism for inter-institutional co-operation Signature of the Protocol ANRMAP setting up the mechanism High number of for inter-institutional coinconsistent operation interpretations affecting the activity of the Adoption of the working ANRMAP contracting authorities methodology and agenda for the next meetings All stakeholders All stakeholders Official Gazette/ANAP site Ensured clarity and predictability at the level of the contracting authorities; increased cooperation between main PP Page 13 of 18 Identified Proposed Action issue/trigger for the action Lead Contributors KPI Deadline Source of Planned Impacts Information institutions; ensured unitary approach D. Reforming and reinforcing help-desk function within the public procurement system Need efficient function to ensure Extend the help desk to ANAP help-desk national funds and ensure interconnectivity with the operational departments No of requests August 2015 registered and answered, both regarding EU and national funds ANAP site Ensured focus on substance and less on legal compliance Feedback from users/surveys on the quality/clarity of the help desk answers to requests Integrate help-desk web-based guidelines with ANAP Integrated solutions to September requests registered in 2016 the system Increased capacity at the level of contracting authorities ANAP site Ensured access to direct guidance on specific issues Page 14 of 18 Identified Proposed Action issue/trigger for the action Lead Contributors KPI Deadline All stakeholders Adoption of the February necessary legislative 2016 measures in accordance with the strategy. (remedy law) Source of Planned Impacts Information E. Ensure an improved and efficient remedies system New remedies system in CNSC place with CNSC as first instance (free of charge) and Court of Appeals as higher instance as detailed under point D.iv. above Ensure compliance of national public procurement system with Directive 66/2007 Repealing 51/2014 Reports efficiency system Increased efficiency of the ANAP new system due to mandatory prior notification to Contracting Authorities and clear identification of the stages for lodging / assessing complaints as detailed under point D.iv All stakeholders Official Gazette Ensure stability and competence in the remedies system Official Gazette Encourage early remedies due to mandatory prior notification system GEO on of the the Adoption of the February necessary legislative 2016 measures in accordance with the strategy, point D.iv (remedy law) Reduction of the number of review Streamline the process of lodging complaints Page 15 of 18 Identified Proposed Action issue/trigger for the action Lead Contributors above KPI Lack of unitary interpretation/jurisprude nce within NCSC, within the Court of Appeals and between NCSC and the Courts All stakeholders Set up the internal CNSC mechanism for increasing predictability at the level of CNSC Develop CNSC database CNSC (Decisions) to ensure a user-friendly access to CNSC case law Set – up Quarterly meetings CNSC CNSC- Court of Appeals/ Source of Planned Impacts Information procedures and/or reduction of rate of success Reduced delays the awards Clarifying the situation of ANAP GEO no 51/2014 related to the guarantee of good conduct (approving the law for repealing of GEO 51 / 2014 by the Parliament) Deadline in Repealing legislative September act adopted 2015 Official Gazette Remove potential barriers from access to remedies system No. of divergent July 2015 interpretations from CNSC panels on similar matters CNSC site Ensured clarity and predictability at the level of the contracting authorities; December 2015 Court Appeals/ No. of divergent interpretations on the of February same matter 2016 CNSC site CNSC site Increased coherence in interpretations between CNSC and Court of Page 16 of 18 Identified Proposed Action issue/trigger for the action Superior Magistracy Council Lead of Contributors KPI Deadline Source of Planned Impacts Information Superior Council of Magistracy Appeals Establish specialized panels CSM for public procurement (courts of appeals) CNSC, MJ February Official 2016 gazette (transposition of law for remedies) Protocol for training for the CSM judges in the specialized courts ANAP March 2016 Training sessions ANAP December 2016 CSM Ensured unitary interpretation and increased efficiency at the level of Courts of Appeal Page 17 of 18 1.4 . List of Annexes corresponding to Pillar 2 Annex 1 Actual institutional framework in public Procurement in Romania (corresponding to annex 3 in RO version) (These annexes are working documents and are not designed for public disclosure) Annex 2 Mechanism for inter-institutional co-operation Annex 3 Development of the help desk Page 18 of 18