Chapter 56 review from Friday
1. Primary production, primary producers, autotrophs
Primary producer/Autotroph definition:
Energy process:
2. Food chains vs food webs (what they look like, what the arrows point to)
Food chain:
Food web:
Use the following image to describe a food chain/food web:
3. Efficiency of energy transfer (solar to primary productivity as well as within food
webs)
Pattern of energy transfer:
Percent efficiency between trophic levels:
4. Biomagnification
5. Top down vs. bottom up controls
Top down:
Bottom up:
6. Trophic cascades
7. Comparative productivity of different biomes
NPP on land vs. ocean:
Where is NPP highest/lowest in marine biomes:
8. Biogeochemical cycling
Chapter 33: An introduction to animals
1. The timing of the origin of various innovations
3 Key Animal Traits:
Multicellularity origins:
Tissue layers:
Diploblast:
Triploblast:
Cephalization:
Limbs:
2. In the following image: describe what a coelom (underlined in blue) is, and
how it is represented in this phylogeny
Coelom:
Protostome vs. Deuterostome:
Phylogenetics of image:
Chapter 34: Protostome animals
1. What is a protostome?
Characteristics:
Two groups:
2. Land to water transition
Exchange of gases:
3. Body plans
Lophotrochozoan body plan:
Ecdysozoan body plan:
4. Lophotrochozoans (rotifers, flatworms, segmented worms, mollusks and a few
examples characteristics of each): Memorize: See SIwkst9-15
5. Ecdysozoans (arthropods, nematodes and characteristics of each)
Insects, crustaeans (major characteristics): Memorize: See SIwkst9-18
6. Hypothesis of the origin of wings
Independent origin hypothesis:
Gill co-option hypothesis:
7. Metamorphosis (types and examples)
Hemimetabolous metamorphosis (incomplete):
Holometabolous metamorphosis (complete):
Chapter 35: Deuterostome animals
1. Major differences between Echinoderms & Chordates
Echinodermata:
Chordates:
2. Types of chordates, major characteristics: See SIwkst 9-22
3. Vertebrates –major characteristics
2 synapomorphies:
4. Fossil record of vertebrates and key innovations
Jaw
Limbs:
5. Amniotic egg:
6. Placenta:
Parental care:
Wings and flight:
7. General characteristics of each of the vertebrate groups: See SIwkst9-23