WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?
VARIETY OF DEFINITIONS
&
OTHER TERMS
GLOBALIZATION by A. Olechowski:
Today I can:
- live on a boat on Caribbean Sea
- work in Poland
- be in constant touch with my boss in France
- and with the rest of the team around the world
- keep my money in a bank in Switzerland
- buy my books in the USA
- buy my clothes in England
- have a phone plugged in the space above me
GLOBALIZATION as a word:
After Magellan’s discovery:
 the word „globe” came as a substitute of the word „planet”
End of XIX century:
 the word „global” appeared in the Oxford English Dictionary
meaning „world-wide” (adjective)
1940s:
 words „globalism” and „to globalise" in the dictionaries
1961:
the word „globalization” appears in the Webster dictionary
and soon in all the dictionaries around the world
Globalization in the dictionaries today:

WEBSTER:
„growth to a global or worldwide scale”

WIKIPEDIA:
„ a social change, an increase in connections
among societies and their elements”

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT:
„ the process of increasing integration in world
civilization”
WORDS USED BEFORE THE WORD
„GLOBALIZATION”




IMPERIALISM
WORLD CAPITALISM
WORLD MARKET
OPEN ECONOMY
 The roots of globalization lie in the economical
changes and in the intensification of international
trade


Complex and dynamic process
Broad, deep definition
GLOBALIZATION by D. Harvey:
„compression of time and space„
GLOBALIZATION by A. Giddens:
„the world-wide development
of social and economic
relationships”
GLOBALIZATION by J.A. Scholte:
„the rise of 'supraterritorial' relations between
peoples”
GLOBALIZATION by D. Held:
„widening, deepening and speeding up
of worldwide interconnections
in all aspects of contemporary social life,
from the cultural to the criminal,
the financial to the spiritual”
GLOBALIZATION by J.W. Head:
„the process by which new multilateral
institutions and rules - especially
those involved in economic activity grow in number and authority, at the
expense of local and national
institutions and rules”
GLOBALIZATION by the critics:
„worldwide drive toward a globalised
economic system
dominated by supranational corporate
trade and banking institutions
that are not accountable to democratic
processes or national governments”
GLOBALIZATION by antiglobalists:
„you can not
eat
your money”
OTHER TERMS USED IN
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CONTEXT:
Internationalization

Universalization

intensification of relations
between sovereign states
the expansion of
interactions affected by
the spread of goods, ideas,
inventions and experiences
to every corner of the
globe
OTHER TERMS USED IN
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CONTEXT:
Liberalization
Homogenization


the lifting of government
restrictions on the crossborder flow of production
factors and the introduction
of the open world economy
the tendency of prices,
products, pay, property,
interest rates and profit to
resemble one another
OTHER TERMS USED IN
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CONTEXT:
Westernization
Americanization


the spread of Western
values and cultural
patterns at the cost of
indigenous cultures
the spread of American
way of life and cultural
patterns also in welldeveloped Western states
(McDonaldization)
OTHER TERMS USED IN
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CONTEXT:
Regionalization

Integration

states’ actions toward
regional cooperation on
different levels (political,
economical, social)
states’ actions toward close
and tight cooperation on
different levels (security,
economics)
OTHER TERMS USED IN
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CONTEXT:
Deterritorialization
Transnationalization


certain aspects of a state
territory and its
geographical location
become unimportant
states are no longer the
only subjects on
international scene
(corporations,
organizations, individuals)
IMPORTANT VOCABULARY









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STATE
NATION
SOVEREIGNTY
GOVERNMENT
SECURITY
SOCIETY
OPEN market
FREE FLOW/MOVEMENT OF GOODS etc.
MULTILATERAL
SUPRANATIONAL
CROSS-BORDER