Materials and Their
Properties

Lesson Objectives
All know what property means state some common properties of metals and non metals
Most relate properties of metals and non metals to their uses
Some choose a material for a certain use and explain why it is suitable

List all the materials that you think are in a mobile phone.
Why are they used?

Properties of materials are used to describe materials.
There are 2 types:
• Physical properties
• Chemical properties

Properties of metals are used to describe metals.
Physical properties can be observed about a substance that doesn’t involve a chemical change.
Examples?

Properties of metals are used to describe metals.
Chemical properties involve
CHEMICAL CHANGE.
e.g. Burning in oxygen, reacting with acids

Copper
Why is copper used to make pans?

Gold
Why is gold used to make jewellery?

Aluminium
2 reasons why aluminium is used for overhead cables?

Titanium
2 reasons why titanium is used for hip replacements?

Testing materials – Physical Properties
• Physical properties include:
• Thermal conductivity- how well heat travels through it.
• Electrical conductivity - how easily electricity travels through it.
• Melting and boiling points
• Solubility in water - how much dissolves in
100g of water at a fixed temperature
• Viscosity - how treacly a liquid is.
• Density – how heavy a fixed volume of the material is.

Testing Thermal Conductivity copper

Substance brass iron glass copper
Results
How long did it take for the cobalt chloride paper to turn blue?
Put the substances in order, from best heat conductor to worst

Testing the Properties of
Metals & Non-Metals
Test 2: Electrical Conductivity
1. Set up a circuit like above.
2. Connect up the iron nail as shown in the diagram. Does the bulb light up?
3. Write your result in the table below.
4. Now try the experiment again with the other things.

Test 2: Electrical Conductivity
Substance iron plastic glass wood copper aluminium
Bulb on or off?
Conductor or insulator?

Finding density
1. Weigh the block on a balance.
2. Record the mass in g.
3. Carefully lower the block into the displacement can as shown in the diagram.
4. Collect the water and measure the volume in cm 3
5. Density = mass volume
6. Use the expression to work out the density and record it in the table.

Density - Results
Object
Stone
Aluminium block
Wax
Plastic block
Mass (g) Volume(cm 3 ) Density (mass÷vol)
Conclusion
Water has a density of 1g/cm 3
Anything with a density greater than 1 _____.
Anything with a density less than 1 _______

Lesson Objectives
All state some common properties of materials (PASS P2)
Most relate properties of materials to their uses (MERIT M2)
Some choose a material for a certain use and explain why it is suitable
(DISTINCTION D1)

How Physical Properties Determine
Uses of Materials
• Assignment 1.2
• ALL must complete 3 practical investigations SAFELY and record results.
• MOST should complete and record all
4 (pass)
• SOME may continue research into the properties and structure of materials.(merit/distinction)

Testing Other Physical Properties
• 1. Solubility of solids.
• Substances are INSOLUBLE if the forces holding the a______ together are too s______ to be broken by water.
• 2. Viscosity of liquids
• Liquids are VISCOUS if they are made of l_____ c_____ molecules which can t_____ together.
• 3. Melting point
• Substances have HIGH melting points if the forces holding a_____ together are s_____.

Testing Other Physical Properties
• 1. Solubility of solids.
• Substances are INSOLUBLE if the forces holding the atoms together are too strong to be broken by water.
• 2. Viscosity of liquids
• Liquids are VISCOUS if they are made of long chain molecules which can tangle together.
• 3. Melting point
• Substances have HIGH melting points if the forces holding atoms together are strong.

S____
H____
D______
H___ m____ and b_____ p______
M_____
G_____ c_____ of h____
D______
S_____
G____ c_____ of e______

shiny
High density
High melting and boiling points malleable ductile strong
Good conductors of heat
Good conductors of electricity

P____ c________ of h____
Usually d____
L__ m_____ and b_____ p_____
Properties of
Non Metals
P____ c______ of e________
Not s_____

Poor conductors of heat
Usually dull
Low melting and boiling points
Properties of
Non Metals
Poor conductors of electricity
Not strong

Lesson Objectives
All state some common properties of materials (PASS P2)
Most relate properties of materials to their uses (MERIT M2)
Some choose a material for a certain use and explain why it is suitable
(DISTINCTION D1)

copper

C____ packed l______ of atoms.
Free to move negative e_______ flow through the structure holding it t______.
Even when b___ or hit the structure stays strongly bonded together. The atoms just s____ over each other.
High d_____ because atoms close p_______.
M______ electrons carry an electric c____ or heat e_______through the structure.

Close packed layers of atoms.
Free to move negative electrons flow through the structure holding it together.
Even when bent or hit the structure stays strongly bonded together. The atoms just slide over each other.
High density because atoms close packed.
Moving electrons carry an electric current or heat energy through the structure.

Glass
A n__ m____ c_________.
R_______ structure of molecules.
No c______ so t__________.
W________ bonded so brittle.
No f_____ electrons so n___ conductor of h____ and e_______.
Low d_______ because of open, r_______ structure.

Glass
A non metal compound.
Random structure of molecules.
No crystals so transparent.
Weakly bonded so brittle.
No free electrons so non conductor of heat and electricity.
Low density because of open, random structure.

R______ chains.
N_ crystals.
N_ free e______ so a non c______ of h_____ and e__________.
Polythene
A n__ m____compound.
L_____ chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms s_____ bonded together but very w____ forces between chains.
Flexible because the chains can s____ over one another.
L__ density because of r_____ chains.

Random chains.
No crystals.
No free electrons so a non conductor of heat and electricity.
Polythene
A non metal compound.
Long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms strongly bonded together but very weak forces between chains.
Flexible because the chains can slide over one another.
Low density because of random chains.