PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IJ7xOSCEmZw
(General information about Biomolecules – with
worksheet)
PROTEIN

Last source of energy in the body

Made from amino acids

Elements in it:


Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (C, H, O, N)
Food ex:

Meats, eggs, fish, beans, nuts
PROTEIN BONDS


Called peptide bonds
There are 20
amino acids
PROTEIN BONDS



1 amino acid = a peptide
(monomer)
2 amino acids = a dipeptide
(dimer)
3+ amino acids = a polypeptide
(polymer)
PROTEIN

Proteins in the body
RUN EVERYTHING

All cell processes

Ex: Muscle growth and repair, movement
of chemicals, and movement of oxygen
Most common example: Enzymes
 Think of other examples!

COMMON TYPES OF PROTEINS

Enzymes


Antibodies


Speed up reactions in the body
Fight off invaders (keep you healthy)
Hormones

Keep body in check
STRUCTURE

Primary structure
Chain of amino acids (polypeptide)
 UNIQUE for every protein


Secondary structure

3D forms of different separate segments
Different shapes
(alpha helix + beta-pleaded sheet)

STRUCTURE

Tertiary structure
Multiple 3D forms put together
(multiple secondary structures)


Quaternary structure
Multiple folded regions
(multiple tertiary structures)

DISEASE

Prions
Infectious proteins
 Misfolding causes other proteins to misfold
 Ex: Mad Cow Disease

NUCLEIC ACIDS
DNA and RNA
 (Double vs. Single stranded)


DNA is used to pass on
genes
NUCLEIC ACIDS

Monomer – Nucleotide

Dimer – Dinucleotide

Polymer – Polynucleotide
(DNA/RNA)
VIDEOS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DRHCVQEIAwc (Protein
types)
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8WJ2KENlK0 (Crash
Course - biological molecules)
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RehCW0KM8RM (What
happens when you stop eating?- SciShow)

DIETS

Remember:
Carbohydrates, Lipids, and
Proteins give energy as
calories
 Calories tell you how much
energy is in a food

1g carbs = 4 Calories
 1g proteins = 4 Calories
 1g lipids = 9 Calories

1 pound of fat = ~3500
Calories
 Daily Value (DV) is based on
the AVERAGE amount per
person

DIETARY CHOICE EXAMPLES


Chipotle: Steak Burrito
Panera: Broccoli Cheddar
Soup


Fuddruckers: Build Your
Own Burger – 2/3 lbs
Quiznos: 3 Different Subs
DIET

A healthy diet can vary in
calorie intake


Men = 2200 – 3000
Calories/day
Women = 1800 – 2400
Calories/day
It varies based on activity
level, metabolism,
genetics and more
 How much of it should
come from carbohydrates,
lipids, and protein
separately is also debated

TRANS FAT

Type of unsaturated fat that is hard
for the body to break down

Chemically slightly different from
other fats
Very uncommon in nature but
common in processed foods
 Have been banned by FDA in 2013
with a 3 year limit in which to
remove them from all foods

OVERALL DIET


What should they consist of by
food group?
Humans can eat both plants
and animals, so our diet is vast






Meats = for protein
Dairy = for lipids
Grains = for carbs
Fruits = for carbs + fiber
Vegetables = for most nutrition
Healthiest group =
Vegetables!
 Studies show issues with other
groups of food in high quantities

TYPES OF DIETS

Atkins Diet – consume very little to no carbohydrate but
consume more protein, mainly


Vegetarian Diet – do not eat animal-based products, except
for eggs and daily products.


Why is this good and/or bad?
Vegan Diet – do not consume ANY animal-based products
at all


Why is this good and/or bad?
Why is this good and/or bad?
Raw Food Diet – mainly eat raw, uncooked foods

Why is this good and/or bad?
VIDEOS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6XJRDqREak
(How many calories should you have per day?)
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMGUmcveQeg
(This is 200 calories – asapSCIENCE)
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eml6f9g_Yhw
(Weird ways to burn 200 calories – asapSCIENCE)
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0diS49kvWWE
(What would happen if you stopped eating? – ASAP)
