2011-12 Biology Semester 1
Exam review
Format/stuff to bring:
 About 130 multiple choice questions on Scantron
 You will need a pencil
 Bring something to do afterward. In accordance with school policy, there will be
no electronic devices allowed
 The test is constructed in order with each unit labeled. That is, the questions
are not all mixed up.
 The number of questions for each unit is proportional to the time spent on the
unit. Units that went by pretty quickly don’t have a whole lot of questions,
compared to longer units.
How to prepare:
 You get to bring a notecard no bigger than 4x6, HANDWRITTEN (not done on
computer) with anything you want. One side only! This card is due the
Tuesday before the exam and will passed back to you at exam time. If
your card is not done at this time, you can not use one.
 Use this yellow sheet to determine what to put on the notecard. Go through
this sheet and write definitions/answers next to things you don’t know. Then
study this and put only things you don’t know on the card! Why would you put
something you do know?
 Review the things behind each divider in your binder. If you haven’t been
organizing your notebook the way I’ve asked you to, now you find out why I told
you to do it that way! The things that have been three hole punched are test
reflections (green), review sheets (yellow), vocab/bookquizzes (pink), pretests
and self assessments (salmon), class notes and checklists. Basically you
should be preparing for this test just as you did for each individual chapter
test. A lot of these are available on SchoolPointe and have answer keys with
them.
 Look back at your test reflections. What did you have trouble with? Be sure to
review those things. The test reflection also has up at the top ideas for what
you should be doing to review. Try some of those things, if you have not. If
you’d like to see an old test, you will have to come after school to do that.
 Do a little at a time. Don’t wait until the night before the exam and try to
relearn it all.
 Tuesday before exams might be time for us to review together (depends on how
things work out for last unit). If you have not done any preparation on your
own before then, you are wasting the opportunity to ask me questions. I am not
planning any kind of formal review game or practice test.
Ch 1: The Science of Biology
Terms you should know:
Observation
Control group
Dependent variable
DNA
Biosphere
Evolve
Coarse adjustment
Stage
Inference
Control variable
Bias
Homeostasis
Cell
Ocular lens
Fine adjustment
Magnification
Hypothesis
Independent variable
Biology
Metabolism
Stimulus
Objective lens
Diaphragm
Nose piece
Things you should be able to do:
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Define any of the above words and apply them to scientific methodology (i.e. be able to
tell how a scientist uses those terms in what s/he does)
Identify independent variables, dependent variables and control variables/groups
Critique experimental designs (i.e. is it a good experiment, explain why)
Describe what peer review is and why it is important
List/describe the 8 characteristics of living things
Identify/give an example of the 8 characteristics of life
Identify something as living or not according to the 8 characteristics of living things
and support that opinion
Identify parts of the microscope and their functions
Describe how to use/care for microscopes
Chapter 7.1 & 7.2: Cell Structure and Function
Terms you should know:
cell theory
nucleus
organelle
selectively permeable
mitochondria
lysosome
cilia
cell wall
vacuole
cell membrane
prokaryote
Lipid bilayer
nucleolus
Golgi apparatus
chloroplast
flagella
central vacuole
Things you should be able to do:
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State and explain the three parts of the cell theory
Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Give examples of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Identify a cell as prokaryotic or eukaryotic and give reasons why
Identify a cell as plant or animal and give reasons why
Identify parts of prokaryotic cells
State functions of parts of prokaryotic cells
Identify parts of eukaryotic cells
State functions of parts of eukaryotic cells
Describe the structure of the cell membrane
Describe the selectively permeable nature of the cell membrane
cytoplasm
eukaryote
fluid mosaic
ribosome
endoplasmic
reticulum
centriole
chlorophyll
Chapter 7.3: Cell Transport
Words you should know:
Lipid bilayer
concentration gradient
hypotonic
plasmolysis
facilitated diffusion
active transport
vesicle
exocytosis
passive transport
equilibrium
hypertonic
osmotic pressure
carrier protein
ATP
pinocytosis
selectively permeable
diffusion
osmosis
isotonic
cytolysis
ion channel
endocytosis
phagocytosis
protein pump
Things you should be able to do:
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Identify (specifically) what parts of the cell (and parts of those parts) are involved in
cell transport
Explain, with or without using diagrams, the different ways that things get into and
out of the cell (i.e. the different kinds of cell transport)
Explain in detail how each mode of cell transport works
Describe the movement and net movement of molecules during cell transport
Identify whether a cell is in equilibrium
Describe the movement and net movement of molecules during equilibrium
Identify whether a process is active and passive transport and explain why
Identify the movement of water through osmosis
Describe the effects of osmosis of on a cell
Identify what kinds of things are moved in/out of the cell by which process
Ch 8: Photosynthesis
Words you should know:
photosynthesis
light dependent reactions
thylakoid
chlorophyll
NADPH / NADP+
light reactions
autotroph
light independent reactions
granum
electron transport chain
Calvin Cycle
carbohydrate
heterotroph
chloroplast
stroma
ATP / ADP + P
dark reactions
glucose
Things you should be able to do:
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Differentiate between autotrophs and heterotrophs and give examples of each
Explain why almost all organisms depend on photosynthesis
Explain how organisms besides plants benefit from photosynthesis
Summarize the events of the light dependent reactions and light independent
reactions, including
o the reactants,
o main products
o waste products
o the organelle and parts involved
Diagram where different reactants, products and processes of photosynthesis take
place
Identify/explain the formula for photosynthesis
Explain how environmental factors affect the rate of photosynthesis
Ch 9: Cell Respiration
Words you should know:
cell respiration
anaerobic respiration
fermentation
pyruvic acid
acetyl CoA
citric acid cycle
NADH / NAD+
glycolysis
lactic acid
matrix
Krebs cycle
electron transport chain
aerobic respiration
cytoplasm
alcohol
cristae
FAD2+ / FADH2
Things you should be able to do:
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Summarize the events of the glycolysis, the Kreb’s cycle and the electron transport
chain, including:
o the reactants
o main products
o waste products
o the organelle and parts involved
Predict the amount of energy released at each part of cellular respiration, compare the
amount of energy made
Diagram where different reactants, products and processes of cell respiration take
place
Explain different process of anaerobic respiration, including:
o when they occur/why
o what products are made
o explaining the amount of energy made
Identify/explain the formula for cell respiration
Discuss the similarities and differences between photosynthesis and cell respiration.
Are they really opposites of each other?
Ch 10: Cell Division Review
Terms you should be familiar with:
DNA
Chromosome
autosome
haploid
meiosis
interphase
anaphase
cell plate
tetrad
crossing over
S phase
chromatin
centromere
homologous chromosome
binary fission
asexual reproduction
prophase
telophase
spindle fiber
asexual reproduction
cell cycle
G2 phase
chromatin
sex chromosome
diploid
mitosis
gamete
metaphase
cytokinesis
synapsis
sexual reproduction
G1 phase
M phase
Things you should be able to do:
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Describe the structure of a chromosome
Compare chromosome, chromatid and chromatin
Distinguish between diploid and haploid cells
Explain the differences between sex chromosomes and autosomes and know the
number of each for humans
Describe how cell division in prokaryotes is different from eukaryotes
Summarize the events of cell growth and mitosis
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Identify stages of mitosis and meiosis
Compare the end products of meiosis and mitosis
Summarize the events of meiosis
Discuss the importance of gamete formation
Explain what happens during interphase and cytokinesis, and why they are not
considered part of mitosis/meiosis
Differentiate between sexual and asexual reproduction
Associate cell division with sexual and asexual reproduction
Compare/contrast cell division in plant and animal cells
Ch 12 DNA Replication
Terms you should know:
DNA
nitrogenous base
double helix
base pairing rules
cytosine
DNA helicase
mutation
lagging strand
DNA ligase
nucleotide
deoxyribose
phosphate group
complementary base pair
base sequence
hydrogen bond
adenine
guanine
thymine
replication
replication fork
DNA polymerase
enzyme
leading strand
semi-conservative replication
Things you should be able to do:
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Describe/identify the parts of an DNA nucleotide
Describe/identify the chemical bonds that hold the DNA molecule together
Describe/identify the shape of DNA molecule and the contributions of scientists to its
discovery
Given a strand of DNA, use base pairing rules to give the other strand of DNA
Summarize the process of DNA replication
Describe/identify the role of enzyme sin DNA replication
Describe/identify ways that replication can go wrong, the results (in general) and what
the cell does to fix these errors
Compare/contrasts DNA structure and replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Ch 13: RNA and Protein Synthesis
Terms you should know:
RNA
protein synthesis
tRNA
promoter
anticodon
chromosome mutation
nondisjunction
point mutation
amino acid
mutagen
translocation
transcription
ribose
rRNA
termination signal
uracil
inversion
substitution
peptide bond
gene expression
insertion
translation
mRNA
RNA polymerase
codon
deletion
translocation
frameshift mutation
polypeptide
mutation
duplication
Things you should be able to do:
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Describe/identify the parts of an RNA nucleotide
Compare and contrast the structure and functions of DNA and RNA
Given a strand of DNA, use base pairing rules to give the matching strand of RNA
Summarize the two processes that make proteins
Relate the location of those process to their cell organelles
Compare/contrast the structure/functions of different types of RNA
Given a DNA base sequence and a table of amino acids, supply the matching
mRNA sequence and “decode” that for the amino acids represented
Explain/give examples of different kinds of mutations
Distinguish between a chromosome mutation and a point mutation