MGIMO
13 December 2007
ESDP
EU – NATO Relations
Gaston STRONCK
Ambassador of Luxembourg
History
 1948 - Brussels Treaty - WEU
 1949 - Washington Treaty - NATO
 1950 - European Defence Community
 1954 - rejected by FR National Assembly
 1954 - modified Brussels Treaty (GE / IT)
 1970 - European Policy Co-ordination
 beginning of the 80‘s - more open
discussions on European security
History II
 1992 - Petersberg / Revitalisation of WEU
 1996 - NATO Berlin / Brussels - ESDI
 1997 - Amsterdam Treaty
HR/Policy Unit
Petersberg Missions
AMSTERDAM 1997
(TEU – Article 17)
CFSP shall include all questions relating to the
security of the Union, including the progressive
framing of a common defence policy ... which
might lead to a Common Defence, should the
European Council so decide. …
• … shall include:
• Humanitarian and rescue tasks;
• Peace-keeping tasks;
• Tasks of combat forces in crisis
management, including peacemaking.
History III
 1998 - FR / UK Summit in St. Malo
 1999 - 2005 - European Council at
Cologne
Helsinki
Feira
Nice
Gotenborg
Laeken
Seville
EU SUMMIT
COLOGNE June 1999
“ …intend to give the EU the
necessary means and
capabilities to assume its
responsibilities regarding a
common ESDP…”
ESDP - where do we stand ?
Progress reached :
• New structures: pol-mil, military and civilian
• Crisis management procedures / decision
making process
• Improvement of military capabilities
• Development and improvement of capabilities
in the civilian field
• Co-operation with third states and
international organisations
• Operational engagement
New Structures
 High Representative and Policy Unit
 Political and Security Committee
 linchpin of ESDP and CFSP
 EU Military Committee
 Committee for Civilian Aspects
 New staffs





Specific directorates in the Council Secretariat
EU Military Staff
Joint Situation Centre
Civ-mil Cell and Operation Centre
Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability
New Structures II
 High Representative
Article 26 Amsterdam Treaty
The Secretary-General of the
Council, High Representative
for the common foreign and
security policy, shall assist the
Council in matters coming
within the scope of the
common foreign and security
policy, in particular through
contributing to the
formulation, preparation and
implementation of policy
decisions, and, when
appropriate and acting on
behalf of the Council at the
request of the Presidency,
through conducting political
dialogue with third parties.
EUROPEAN UNION
PILLAR 1
PILLAR 2
PILLAR 3
COMMUNITY
POLICIES
COMMON
FOREIGN AND
SECURITY
POLICY
JUSTICE &
HOME AFFAIRS
“EUROPEAN
COMMUNITY”
INCLUDING
EUROPEAN
SECURITY &
DEFENCE
POLICY
EUROPEAN UNION TREATIES
Overview of Second-Pillar-Bodies (CFSP/ESDP)
European Council
(Summit of the Heads of State and Government)
Council of the European Union
Committee of the Permanent Representatives (COREPER)
policy-making body
advisory body
Political and Security Committee (PSC)
Secretary General/High Representative
Council General Secretariat
DG E VIII and DG E IX CPCC
Policy
Unit
Joint Situation
Centre
(SITCEN)
EU Military
Staff
(EUMS)
Committee for
Civilian aspects
of Crisis
Management
(CIVCOM)
PoliticoMilitary
Group
(PMG)
EU Military
Committee
(EUMC)
ESDP - where do we stand ?
Progress reached:
• New structures: pol-mil, military and
civilian
• Crisis management procedures /
decision making process
• Improvement of military capabilities
• Development and improvement of
capabilities in the civilian field
• Co-operation with third states and
international organisations
Headline Goal by 2003
• Corps level (up to 15 brigades or 50.000 60.000 men) with appropriate air and naval
elements
• Rapid deployment within 60 days including a
smaller rapid response element at very high
readiness
• Militarily self-sustaining, with the necessary
C3I, logistics, combat support
• Deployment for at least one year
Headline Goal by 2010
• Focus :
- Quality
- Rapid Response
• Aim :
- Interoperability
- Deployability
- Sustainability
EU BATTLEGROUPS CONCEPT
Battlegroup (approx 1500 troops)
• Readiness of 5-10
days
Infantry Battalion
•Combat Support
•HQ
•HQ Company
•3x Infantry Coy
•Combat Service
Support
•Staff Support
•Fire Support
•Reconnaissance
• A distance of 6000km
from Brussels
Strategic Enablers
Air
Sea
Log
• Sustainable for 30
days initial operation,
extendable to 120
days
Other
• 2 concurrent single
BG-size rapid
response operations
ESDP - where do we stand ?
Progress reached:
• New structures: pol-mil, military and civilian
• Crisis management procedures / decision
making process
• Improvement of military capabilities
• Development and improvement of capabilities
in the civilian field
• Co-operation with third states and
international organisations
• Operational engagement
ESDP - where do we stand ?
Progress reached:
• New structures: pol-mil, military and civilian
• Crisis management procedures / decision
making process
• Improvement of military capabilities
• Development and improvement of capabilities
in the civilian field
• Co-operation with third states and
international organisations
• Operational engagement
CO-OPERATION WITH PARTNERS
NATO
European Union
BELGIUM
CZECH REP
DANEMARK
ESTONIA
FRANCE
GERMANY
GREECE
HUNGARY
ITALY
LATVIA
LITHUANIA
LUXEMBURG
NETHERLANDS
USA
CANADA
POLAND
PORTUGAL
SLOVAKIA
SLOVENIA
TURKEY
SPAIN
ICELAND
UNITED KINGDOM
NORWAY
+3
BULGARIA
ROMANIA
AUSTRIA
MALTA
CYPRUS
IRELAND
FINLAND
SWEDEN
+ third
countries
!
ESDP - where do we stand ?
Progress reached:
• New structures: pol-mil, military and civilian
• Crisis management procedures / decision
making process
• Improvement of military capabilities
• Development and improvement of capabilities
in the civilian field
• Co-operation with third states and
international organisations
• Operational engagement
Map of Past and Current ESDP Operations (2/06)
click here to jump
back to first slide
Click on one of the flags to fade in/out the name of anEU BAM Moldova*
i
EUPM then click the “i”-button
operation,
for further information…
EUFOR – ALTHEA
EUPAT
EUPOL PROXIMA
CONCORDIA
i
EUPOL COPPS
EU BAM Rafah
i
i
i
click here to finish
i
EUJUST THEMIS*
EUJUST LEX
i
i
AMM
i
EU support for AMIS II
EUPOL KINSHASA
EUSEC DR Congo
i
i
i
i
i
ARTEMIS
Ongoing Missions
•AMM: Aceh Monitoring Mission (since 8/05)
•EU BAM Moldova: Border Assistance Mission at Moldovan/Ukrainian border (since 12/05) *Coop. of Commission & ESDP
•EU BAM Rafah: EU Border Assistance Mission at Rafah Crossing Point in the Palestinian Territories (since 11/05)
•EUFOR – ALTHEA: EU Military Operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (since 12/04)
•EUJUST LEX: EU Integrated Rule of Law Mission for Iraq (since 7/05)
•EUPAT: EU Police Advisory Team in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (since 12/05)
•EUPM: European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (since 1/03)
•EUPOL COPPS: EU Police Mission in the Palestinian Territories (since 1/06)
•EUPOL KINSHASA: European Union Police Mission in Kinshasa (DRC) (since 4/05)
•EUSEC DR Congo: EU mission to provide advice and assistance for security sector reform in the DR Congo (since 7/05)
•EU supporting action to the African Union mission in Darfur AMIS II (Darfur, since 8/05)
i
Completed Missions
•ARTEMIS: EU Military Operation in Democratic
Republic of the Congo (6/03 – 9/03)
•CONCORDIA: EU Military Operation
in Former Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia (3/03 – 12/03)
•EUJUST THEMIS: EU Rule of Law Mission
to Georgia (7/04 – 7/05) *some EU-personnel
remaining at the office of the EUSR for Georgia
to finalize THEMIS and for the purpose of border
monitoring and border police reform
•EUPOL PROXIMA: EU Police Mission in Former
Yugosl. Rep. of Macedonia (12/03 – 12/05)
CO-OPERATION WITH NATO
Co-operation EU - NATO
“Strategic Partnership”
CO-OPERATION WITH NATO
Principles of the Strategic Partnership
- Effective mutual consultation;
- Equality for the decision-making
autonomy of the EU and NATO;
- Respect for the interests of the EU and
NATO members states;
- Respect for the principles of the Charter
of the United Nations;
- Coherent, transparent and mutually
reinforcing development of the military
capability requirements in common.
CO-OPERATION WITH NATO
Berlin-Plus Arrangements
• Assured access to NATO planning capabilities
• Presumption of availability to the EU of pre-identified
NATO capabilities and common assets
• Identification of range of European command options,
role of DSACEUR as EU OpCdr
• Further adaptation of NATO's defence planning system
for use in EU-led operations