CHAPTER 3
SECTION 3-1 TO 3-4
LIVING SYSTEMS AS
COMPARTMENTSP.
78-85
THE CELL MEMBRANE
 SEMIPERMEABLE OR SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE
(ALLOWING ONLY CERTAIN MATERIALS IN OR OUT)
 BASED UPON THE FLUID MOSAIC MODEL (SEE P.1+2 OF
PACKET) WHERE MOLECULES ARE FLOATING AROUND
ONE ANOTHER
PARTS OF THE CELL MEMBRANE
1. PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER *HYDROPHILIC HEADS AND HYDROPHOBIC
TAILS
2. TRANSPORT PROTEINS *ASSIST MOVEMENT OF SOME MATERIALS
ACROSS THE MEMBRANE
3. CARBOHYDRATE CHAINS
*ON TOP OF CERTAIN LIPIDS AND PROTEINSGLYCOLIPIDS
AND GLYCOPROTEINS WHICH HAVE ANTENNAE TO COMMUNICATE
4. CHOLESTEROL FOR FLUIDITY
PARTS OF THE CELL MEMBRANE
 SUBSTANCES THAT MOVE THROUGH THE LIPID
BILAYERH20, O2, CO2, N2 AND LIPIDS
 SUBSTANCES THAT MOVE THROUGH THE TRANSPORT
PROTEINS GLUCOSE, AMINO ACIDS, NUCLEOTIDES,
IONS (SUCH AS H+, Na+, K+, Ca+)
TYPES OF CELLULAR
TRANSPORT
PASSIVE TRANSPORT NO ENERGY
USED BY THE CELL(IN THE FORM OF
ATP)
 1. DIFFUSIONTHE MOVEMENT OF PARTICLES OF A
SUBSTANCE FROM AN AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION
TO AN AREA OF LOW CONCENTRATION
DIFFUSION
 SOLUTEMATERIAL DISSOLVED IN WATER (SALT,




OXYGEN, NUTRIENTS)
SOLVENTWATER IS AN EXAMPLE (USUALLY A LIQUID)
WILL OCCUR UNTIL EQUILIBRIUM IS REACHED
(BIOLOGICAL BALANCE)
MOVEMENT DOWN THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
(THE DIFFERENCE IN CONCENTRATION ACROSS A
SPACEBASED ON SOLUTE
 2. OSMOSISDIFFUSION OF WATER FROM AN
AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF
LOW CONCENTRATION
THREE TYPES OF
SOLUTIONS
 DEPENDS ON SOLUTE CONCENTRATION (WHICH
IS THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT)
A. HYPOTONIC
 WATER MOVES INTO THE CELL AND IT SWELLS
 ANIMAL CELLS CAN BURSTCYTOLYSIS
 IN PLANT CELLSTURGOR PRESSURE INCREASES AS
WATER MOVES IN FROM ROOT HAIRS TO CELLS (DUE
TO LARGE SURFACE AREA)
B. HYPERTONIC
 WATER MOVES OUT OF THE CELL
 CELLS SHRINKPLASMOLYSIS
 IN PLANT CELLS, CRENATE IN ANIMAL CELLS
C. ISOTONIC
 NO NET MOVEMENT, OSMOTIC BALANCE
(EQUILIBRIUM) IS REACHED
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
 TO MOVE MATERIALS ACROSS THE MEMBRANE,
USES TRANSPORT PROTEINS, AN EXAMPLE OF A
SUBSTANCE BEING MOVED THIS WAY IS
GLUCOSE (C6H12O6)
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
 POWERED BY ATP
 MOVEMENT FROM LOW TO HIGH
TYPES OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT
1. CELL MEMBRANE PUMPS
 CERTAIN TYPES OF IONS (Na+, K+)
2. CONTRACTILE VACUOLE
 IN PROTISTS SUCH AS PARAMECIUM (PUMP THAT
REMOVES WATER)
3. ENDOCYTOSIS (TAKING IN)
 A. PHAGOCYTOSIS: CELLULAR EATING (SOLIDS)
 B. PINOCYTOSIS: CELLULAR DRINKING USING
VESICLES (LIQUIDS)
4. EXOCYTOSIS (EXITING)
 REMOVAL OF WASTES, HORMONES
THAT’S ALL!
CELLULAR TRANSPORT
QUIZ FORMAT
 31 MULTIPLE CHOICE AND
FILL INS (WITH 7
DIAGRAMS)
 3 SHORT ANSWER (TWO
WORTH 2 PTS. EACH, ONE
WORTH 1 PT.)
 3 BONUS (1 PT. EACH)
 36 TOTAL POINTS
STUFF TO REVIEW
 NOTES AND OUTLINE
 DIAGRAM PACKET
 TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS
(AND ANSWERS)
 STUDY GUIDE (AND
ANSWERS)