Material Mutahir
MMF410801-2 SKS
Departemen Metalurgi dan Material-FTUI
September – Desember 2008
Dr. Ir. A.Herman Yuwono, M.Phil.Eng.
Email: ahyuwono@metal.ui.ac.id
Tel: (+6221)7863510 ext 212
Fax: (+6221) 7872350
PENDAHULUAN
Mata Kuliah
Kode Mata Kuliah
SKS
Semester
Staf Pengajar
Sistem Kelas
:
:
:
:
:
Material Mutahir
MMF410801
2
Ganjil 2008/2009
Akhmad Herman Yuwono (AHY)
Donanta Dhaneswara (DD)
: Tunggal
Tujuan Pengajaran
:
Mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan perkembangan material teknik mutahir,
proses manufaktur dan aplikasinya.
Sistem Evaluasi
:
Kehadiran
Tugas
Ujian Tengah Semester (UTS)
Presentasi
Ujian Akhir Semester (UAS)
:
:
:
:
:
5%
15 %
30 %
15 %
35 %
SATUAN ACARA PENGAJARAN (SAP)
Pertemuan
Tanggal
Pokok Bahasan
1
2 Sept 2008
Penjelasan SAP dan Definisi dan ruang lingkup material mutahir
2
9 Sept 2008
Material-material logam terbaru; Metallic Glass
3
16 Sept 2008
Material-material sangat ringan untuk konstruksi pesawat
4
23 Sept 2008
Material-material cerdas
5
30 Sept 2008
Material nano komposit untuk aplikasi optik dan elektronik
6
7 Okt 2008
Material mesopori untuk aplikasi membran, katalis dan medikal
7
14 Okt 2008
Material-material magnet terbaru
8
21 Okt 2008
Material-material keramik terbaru
9
28 Okt 2008
UJIAN TENGAH SEMESTER
10
4 Nov 2008
Polimer kristal cair (LCP)
11
11 Nov 2008
Biomaterial
12
18 Nov 2008
PRESENTASI TUGAS MAHASISWA
13
25 Nov 2008
PRESENTASI TUGAS MAHASISWA
14
2 Des 2008
PRESENTASI TUGAS MAHASISWA
15
9 Des 2008
UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER
INTRODUCTION
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Every segment of our everyday lives is influenced to one degree or
another by materials: transportation, housing, clothing, communication,
recreation or food production.

The development & advancement of societies are produced and
manipulate materials.

Earliest humans had access to only a very limited number of materials
that occur naturally: stone, wood, clay etc.

With time the techniques for producing materials were discovered:
pottery, and various metals.

Materials utilization was totally a selection process by virtue of its
characteristics.

Came to understand the relationships between the structural elements
of the materials and their properties.

Tens of thousands of different materials that meet the needs of our
modern and complex society: metals, plastics, glasses and fibers.

Improving the suitable materials is never ending process to meet
human’s need.
Development of Engineering Materials
10 000 BC 5000 BC
Gold
0
1000
1500
1800
1900
1940
1960
1980
1990
(after Ashby 1992)
2000 2010
2020
Copper
Bronze
Iron
METALS
Cast Iron
Glassy Metal
Al - Lithium Alloys
Dual Phase Steels
Micro Alloyed Steels
New Super Alloys
Steels
POLYMERS,
ELASTOMERS
Wood
Skin
Fibers
Alloy Steels
Glues
Light Alloys
COMPOSITES
Straw-brick
Super Alloys
Rubber
paper
Stone
Nylon
Pottery
Glass
PE
Cement
High Temperature
Polymers
Alloys
High Modulus
Polymers
Polyesters
Exposies
PMA Arcrylics
PC PS PP
Titanic
Zirconium
Etc
Bakelite
Flint
CERAMICS
Development Slow
Mostly Quality
Control and Processing
Refractories
Portland Cement
Fused
Tough Engineering
Cerments PyroSilica
ceramics (Al2O3,Si4,etc)
Ceramics
10 000 BC 5000 BC DATE
0
1000
(Year) 1500
1800
1900
1940
1960
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020

The use of other competitive materials in replacement to metals and alloys
becomes prominent as technological development requires higher
performance of engineering materials
WHAT IS AN ADVANCED MATERIAL?
There are many different definitions of advanced materials and they
have become so commonly used that most tend to assume that
advanced materials are just materials. For a physical scientist
considers that advanced materials could just as easily have been
“Polymers”, for these are some of the most versatile advanced
materials in use today and often are confused as plastics by many
people.
WHAT IS AN ADVANCED MATERIAL?
Some scholars define advanced materials as those that
involve knowledge (and creation of materials) at the molecular
and/or atomic scale for the purpose of advancing technology
and improving the human experience. These might be
materials such as tiny carbon nanotubes that are being used in
new types of X-ray tubes that are more efficient and safer than
those now in use at airports and in doctor’s offices. These are
also new coatings and methods of manufacturing of Teflon,
which is an example of a polymer material made with chemical
processing methods that causes much less pollution and is
“environmentally friendly”. Other possibilities include materials
used in new diagnostic methods such as those for medical
biopsies.
WHAT IS AN ADVANCED MATERIAL?
Advanced materials research involves discoveries of
fundamental principles of Chemistry, Mathematics and
Physics that can be applied to control the molecular-level
properties of new materials, and then fashioning materials
and/or nanostructures for real-life applications. It involves
knowing the conditions under which a material will be used
and identifying candidate materials for this purpose.
WHAT IS AN ADVANCED MATERIAL?
There is always a real need for better materials and/or
nanostructures - the issue is how much better and at what
cost. An applied scientist, with a particular application in mind,
will scour lists of known materials and/or nanostructures
looking for one that meets his or her needs. If existing
materials are unsuitable, the applied and basic scientist must
work together to develop new materials and/or
nanostructures. This synergism between what is available
and what needs to be developed reflects the important and
complementary roles of the basic and applied sciences in
Materials Science. Neither one takes precedence over the
other. Rather, they work hand-in-hand to fulfill our evergrowing need for new materials.
ADVANCED MATERIALS:




Materials that are utilized in high-technology application
High-tech, a device or product that operates or functions using
relatively intricate and sophisticated principles
Electronic equipment, computers, fiber optic systems, spacecraft,
aircraft, and military rocketry.
They might be of all material types whose properties have been
enhanced or newly developed
Materials of the Future
A. SMART MATERIALS

A group of new and state of the art materials now being
developed that will have a significant influence on many
technologies.

Smart implies the ability to sense charges in environments
and then respond to the changes in predetermined
manners-traits that are also found in living organisms.
Component of smart materials (or system):

Some type of sensor (detect an input signal)

An actuator (perform a responsive and adaptive
function)
Materials of the Future
Four types of materials used for actuator:
1. Shape memory alloys; metals, after having been deformed,
revert back to their original shapes when temperature is
changed.
2. Piezoelectric ceramics; expand and contract in response to an
applied electric fields (or voltage); conversely, they also
generate an electric field when their dimension are altered.
3. Magnetostrictive; like piezoelectric but in magnetic fields
4. Electro-rheological & magneto-rheological fluids are liquids that
experience dramatic changes in viscosity upon the application
of electric or magnetic fields.
Example of Smart materials: piezoelectric inserted to blade of
helicopter to sensor noise  computer  feedback to generate
noise-canceling antinoise.
Materials of the Future
B. NANOTECHNOLOGY
To understand the chemistry and physics of materials by studying large
and complex structures to investigate the fundamental building blocks of
these structures that are smaller and simpler. “Top-down” sciences
By SPM (scanning probe microscopes) permits to observe the individual
atoms and molecules, and it has become possible to manipulate and
move atoms and molecules to form new structures, thus, design new
materials that are built from simple atomic level constituents (i.e.
“materials by design”)
It enables to carefully arrange atoms to develop mechanical, electrical,
magnetic, and other properties. “Bottom-up” sciences called
nanotechnology.
Nano = 10-9, nanotechnology < 100 nm
equivalent 500 atom diameters
Modern Materials Needs
 The development of more sophisticated and specialized materials,
as well as consideration of the environmental impact of material
production.
 Nuclear energy: many problem remain in materials, from fuel to
containment structures to facilities to the disposal of radioactive
waste.
 Transportation: facing low operating temperature engine etc.
 Fuel cell energy: facing low operating temperature for high
energy output.
 Manufacturing process: facing toxic as a product of the process
Modern Materials Needs
 Non renewable materials such as polymer, some of metals, oil will
be depleted for:
 The discovery of additional reserves,
 The development of new materials having comparable
properties with less adverse environmental impact, and/or
 Increased recycling effort and the development of new recycling
technology
First assignment 
Buatlah sebuah tulisan (essay) dalam bahasa Indonesia
sepanjang satu halaman A4, dengan huruf Times New Roman,
12 pt, satu spasi yang berisikan point-point berikut:
• Definisi dan ruang lingkup material mutahir
• Signifikansi material mutahir terhadap kesejahteraan umat
manusia.
Dikumpulkan minggu depan (8 september 2008).
Tugas yang terlambat tidak diterima.
Tidak ada praktek contek-menyontek.