Framed
Structures
Luisana
Hernández
Definition
A house's skeleton is called the frame.
• Like the human body, a
house has a skeleton that
gives it support, shape, and a
framework for outer coverings.
• Most houses are made of
wooden beams, floor joists, walls
studs, roof rafters, and related
components.
• To ensure the structure's
strength, these parts are sized
and connected in accordance with
building codes that are based on
basic load engineering principles.
Structures
Foundation and footing
• Foundation and footing
deliver loads from the
house down to solid soil.
The footing is wider than
the foundation to spread
out loads.
Wall framing
• Wall framing in house construction includes the
vertical and horizontal members of exterior walls
and interior partitions. This serve as a nailing
base for all covering material and support the
upper floor platforms, which provide the lateral
strength along a wall.
• Wall framing includes bearing walls and nonbearing walls.
Load bearing walls
• Is one in which a wall of a structure bears the
weight and force resting upon it, conducting the
vertical load from the upper structure to the
foundation.
• If you remove part or all of a load-bearing wall
without reinforcing the structure, floors and roof
may sag and windows and doors may stick.
Worse, part of the house may collapse.
Nonbearing walls
• Non-bearing walls may be either
perpendicular or parallel to joists or rafters.
They often may be identified from under the
house because they're not supported by a
foundation or beam.
• They don't support loads so they usually
can be removed without compromising a
structure's strength.
Because they don't support loads, they usually can be removed without compromising a structure's
strength.
Floor framing
• Floor framing consists of a
system of sills, beams, girders,
joists, and subflooring, all
properly sized and connected
together. Floor framing
provides support for floor
loads, and gives lateral
support to exterior walls.
Roof framing
• A roof is the covering on the
uppermost part of a building. A
roof protects the building and its
contents from the effects of
weather.
• The construction of a roof is
determined by its method of
support and how the underneath
space is bridged and whether or
not the roof is pitched.
• The supporting structure of a roof
usually comprises beams that are
long and strong.
Construction systems
Platform Framing
 Is way faster and cheaper.
 The most common
method of light-frame
construction for
houses and small
apartment buildings.
 Is a method of
concrete (most common)
or treated wood..
 On top of the
foundations, a wood
floor joist and subfloor
system is provided.
Balloon Framing
 Is a method of wood
construction that has
been dead for like 70
years.
 Is more labor
intensive and long
lumber is more
expensive and harder
to get.
 It utilizes long
continuous framing
members (studs) with
intermediate floor
structures nailed to
them.
 The creation of a
path for fire to readily
travel from floor to
floor.
Conclusions
 Architects, urban planners and engineers must work
together, and they all must have a full working knowledge of
how to construct walls, ceiling, floors and other parts of a
building structure.
 Architects creates drawings that show all the necessary
elements that must come together to make a space functional.
 It's important to know which parts are critical to a house's
structure so that you don't compromise its strength when
remodeling or doing work that involves cutting into framing
members.
Glossary
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1. Beams: A squared-off log or a large, oblong piece of timber,
metal, or stone used especially as a horizontal support in
construction.
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2. Joists: A place or part at which two or more things are joined.
3. Walls studs: An upright post in the framework of a wall for
supporting sheets of lath, wallboard, or similar material.
4. Roof rafters: One of the sloping beams that supports a pitched
roof.
5. Wider: having a certain or specified extent from side to side
6. Nailing base: A slim, pointed piece of metal hammered into
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material as a fastener.
7. Sills: a horizontal timber, block, or the like serving as a
foundation of a wall, house, etc.
8. Girders: A beam, as of steel, wood, or reinforced concrete, used
as a main horizontal support in a building or bridge.
9. Subflooring: a rough floor beneath a finished floor.
10.The pitch: is the angle at which the roof rises from its lowest to
highest point.
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