APPALACHIANS - Session 1
Sojourners
Vagabonds
Tramping through
the Appalachians:
Acadia to Acadié
APPALACHIANS - Session 1
Week 6: Newfoundland
Week 5: Maritime Provinces
Week 4: Quebec
Weeks 2-3: New England
Week 1: Becoming Vagabonds
Louisiana to New England
APPALACHIANS
Becoming Vagabonds
- Session 1
Rocky
Louisiana
England
Ireland
Wales
Scotland
Denmark
Norway
Germany
Sweden Italy
Finland Netherlands
France Iceland
Becoming Vagabonds
USA
Canada Korea
Alaska
Germany
Saudi Arabia England
Trinidad Denmark
Brazil
Angola
1996
Angola
Indonesia
Dubai
Zaire
France
Italy
England
Germany
Netherlands
Trinidad
Portugal
Becoming Vagabonds
Sandi
1996
Illinois
New Jersey
South Dakota
New York
North Carolina
Missouri
Vermont
Louisiana
Kentucky
Michigan
Connecticut
Texas
Russia
Netherlands
France
USA
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Colombia
Angola
Becoming Vagabonds
Rocky
Sandi
Louisiana
England
Ireland
Wales
Scotland
Denmark
Norway
Germany
Sweden Italy
Finland Netherlands
France Iceland
USA
Canada Korea
Alaska
Germany
Saudi Arabia England
Trinidad Denmark
Brazil
Angola
1996
1999
1998
1997
Angola
Indonesia
Dubai
Zaire
France
Italy
England
Germany
Netherlands
Trinidad
Portugal
Illinois
New Jersey
South Dakota
New York
North Carolina
Missouri
Vermont
Louisiana
Kentucky
Michigan
Connecticut
Texas
Russia
Netherlands
France
USA
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Colombia
Angola
The 15 Year Plan
travelDo - course
visit in great
Bigphilosophies
Ben - London
Do - run a marathon
experience
motorcycle thru Europe
to play aOrient
musical
instrument
travelDo - learn
train
Express
to scubaart/architecture
dive
learn Do - learn
class
of other cultures
continent
learn Travel - step
classon every
course
in architecture
in a submarine
learn Travel - submerge
class
learn
to cook in foreign country
Polo barge
Finalstrip thru France
travelTravel - Argentine
cruise
river
Interest:
Buenos
Aires Tango
Lessons
travelTravel - Special
hike
Chamonix
to Zermatt
(Matterhorn)
anywhere
England
anywhere
Europe
anywhere
Europe/Russia
anywhere
France
anywhere
France
anywhere
France
Argentina
France
Argentina
France
List of things to DO, SEE, LEARN
The 15 Year Plan
North America
Europe
Asia
Equator
Africa
Central &
South America
Malaysia &
Australia
Our List – 235 Activities- 72 Countries
The 15 Year Plan
North America
Europe
Asia
Equator
Africa
Central &
South America
Our List Malaysia &
7 AncientAustralia
Wonders
12 Natural Wonders
19 Forgotten Wonders
144 UNESCO countries
The 15 Year Plan
North America
Europe &
North Africa
Asia
Equator
Central &
South America
Africa
Malaysia &
Australia
The 15 Year Plan
North America
Europe &
North Africa
Asia
Equator
Central &
South America
Africa
15 places to live
Malaysia &
Australia
Vagabond
The 15 Preparations
Year Plan
Houses and Cars . . . . .
Vagabond Preparations
Furniture, Accessories, Tools . . .
The ‘Great
Give-Away’
Vagabond Preparations
Things We Will Need . . .
Ready to
See, do, learn
Our ‘Trunk-ables’
So now we’re
VAGABONDS . . .
“ wanderers who have no
established residence.”
Vagabonds Travels
2008:
TRUCK
&
TRAVEL TRAILER
USA
France
England
Switzerland
Germany
South Africa
Namibia
Botswana
Kenya
Tanzania
Portugal
Spain
Angola
England
Italy
Norway
France
Egypt
Zimbabwe
China
Tibet/Nepal
Australia
Japan
Vietnam (R3)
1999-2010
Vagabonds Travels
RV
west USA
Canada
Alaska
east USA
Canada
USA
France
England
Switzerland
Germany
South Africa
Namibia
Botswana
Kenya
Tanzania
Portugal
Spain
Angola
England
Italy
Norway
France
Egypt
Zimbabwe
China
Tibet/Nepal
Australia
Japan
Vietnam (R3)
1999-2010
Vagabonds Travels
RV
west USA
Canada
Alaska
east USA
Canada
USA
France
England
Switzerland
Germany
Portugal
Spain
Angola
England
Italy
Norway
France
Egypt
Zimbabwe
China
Tibet/Nepal
Australia
Japan
Vietnam (R3)
So far . . . . .
South Africa
11 years,
Namibia 6 countries, 4 continents
Botswana
Kenya
Tanzania
1999-2010
Louisiana
Vagabonds
: Cajun
Travels
Country
University. . . . cayenne pepper!
food . . . .
gumbo
jambalaya
Lafayette
music & dance . . . .
etoufee
Louisiana: Cajun Country
religion . . . .
Lafayette
and language . . . .
Louisiana: Cajun Country
religion . . . .
Who are the ‘Cajuns’?
Lafayette
and language . . . .
Louisiana: Cajun Country
- contraction for ‘Acadians’
- descendents of French Canadians
- immigrated to La in 1750s
- live in Acadian heartland
Who are the ‘Cajuns’?
22 parishes in south La
400,000 people today
10% of La population
Louisiana: Cajun Country
Who are the ‘Cajuns’?
a true Cajun:
Rocky’s stepdad: Leroy Picard
Lafayette
- born on a sugar plantation
- one room school house
- no french allowed in school
Louisiana: Cajun Country
Les Who
Acadiens
in the
Canadian
Maritimes
are
the
‘Cajuns’?
- where they came from
- life in Canada
- why they left
Session 5
Louisiana:to
Louisiana
Cajun
NewCountry
England
Presidential Library
- 20,0002 feet of
exhibit space
- largest archival
collection in a
presidential library
Arkansas: Clinton Library
Lafayette
Louisiana to New England
Biltmore
Estate
Arkansas:
Clinton
Library
- built by George Vanderbilt, completed 1895
- 1930: opened to publicNorth
as a Carolina:
family business
Biltmore Estate
Lafayette
- 250 rooms,gardens
designed by Frederick Law Olmstead
Louisiana to New England
Kittyhawk
- on Outer Banks
- barrier islands
- December 17, 1903
- at Kill Devil Hill
- Wright brothers
- first powered flight
Arkansas: Clinton Library
North Carolina: Kittyhawk
North Carolina: Biltmore Estate
Lafayette
Louisiana to New England
Bay Bridge-Tunnel
- one of ‘Seven Engineering Wonders of World’
- largest bridge-tunnel complex in world
- opened in 1964
- 12 miles of trestle roadway
- 2 bridges
- 4 man-made islands
- 2 mile-long tunnels
Arkansas: Clinton Library
Virginia: Chesapeake Bay
beneath shipping lanes
North Carolina: Kittyhawk
North Carolina: Biltmore Estate
Lafayette
Louisiana to New England
Arkansas: Clinton Library
Virginia: Chesapeake Bay
North Carolina: Kittyhawk
North Carolina: Biltmore Estate
Lafayette
Louisiana to New England
Washington, DC
- The White House
- The Capital
- The Supreme Court
- & numerous museums,
monuments, memorials
Washington D C
Arkansas: Clinton Library
Virginia: Chesapeake Bay
North Carolina: Kittyhawk
North Carolina: Biltmore Estate
Lafayette
Louisiana to New England
Ocean City, NJ
- another barrier island
- 7 miles long, < 1 mile wide
- first populated in 1879
- 15,000 permanent residents,
100,000 summer visitors
Washington D C
Arkansas: Clinton Library
New Jersey: Ocean City
Virginia: Chesapeake Bay
North Carolina: Kittyhawk
North Carolina: Biltmore Estate
Lafayette
Louisiana to New England
GEOLOGY
Bays & Barrier Islands . . . .
Chesapeake Bay
New Jersey: Ocean City
Virginia: Chesapeake Bay
North Carolina: Kittyhawk
Chesapeake Bay
What is a bay?
“A body of water
partially enclosed by land
with a wide mouth
affording access to the sea”
Chesapeake Bay
Geologic Processes:
- erosion
- sediment transport
VIRGINIA
Chesapeake
Bay
Chesapeake Bay
Chesapeake
watershed
Chesapeake
Bay
Chesapeake Bay
How big is this?
Chesapeake
watershed
AREA
64,0002 miles
150
streams & rivers
DISCHARGE
78,300 cu ft/s
Chesapeake Bay
How big is this?
Chesapeake
watershed
AREA
64,0002 miles
150
streams & rivers
DISCHARGE
78,300 cu ft/s
Chesapeake Bay
Chesapeake watershed
area . . . . . . 64,0002 miles
discharge: 78,300 cu ft/s
20 X area
8 X discharge
Mississippi watershed
area. . . . . . 1,245,0002 miles
discharge: 600,000 cu ft/s
Chesapeake Bay
largest bay (estuary) in the USA
200 miles long, 30 miles wide
How did it form?
35 million years ago!
Chesapeake Bay
Geologic
largesttime
bay scale
(estuary) in the USA
today
200 miles long, 30 miles wide
How did it form?
35 million years ago!
650 million YBP
Chesapeake Bay
most recent
250 million years
35
bolide (comet) impact event
75
extinction of dinosaurs
250
first dinosaurs
Chesapeake Bay
- Appalachians are covered in tropical forests
- sea level is higher
- bolide (comet) splashes into the water
- traveling 70,000 miles/hour
- fractured rock 7 miles deep, 50 miles wide
35 million years ago . . . .
Chesapeake Bay
IMPACT BRECCIA: shattered rock
W
E
North American Continent
100 miles west
Atlantic Ocean
35 million years ago . . . . bolide impact. . . .
Chesapeake Bay
W
millions of years pass . . . sea level falls . . . .
E
Chesapeake Bay
W
E
10,000 years ago . . . . sea level rises . . . .
Chesapeake Bay
Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure
Drilling Project
10,000 years ago . . . . sea level rises . . . .
Chesapeake Bay
Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure
Drilling Project
- 2006: Project of USGS & ICDP
(International Continental
Scientific Drilling Project)
- 30 scientists from 7 countries
- drilled 1 mile deep
- collected 4200’ core (rock) samples
- study purpose:
1) impact phenomena
2) sea level & climate change
3) disruption of fresh water aquifer
Chesapeake Bay
10,000 years ago . . . .
Chesapeake Bay
bolide (comet)
impact structure
X
X
river channels shaped
by impact crater
Chesapeake Bay
What about the
Susquehanna River?
early channel
later channel
Channel TODAY
diverted by
sediment transport!
Chesapeake Bay
Take-Aways . . . .
- 35 million years ago . . . a bolide (comet)
created a crater
- 10,000 year ago . . . rising sea level flooded
the crater area creating Chesapeake Bay
- the bolide crater changed river channels
- sediment transport continues to change
the river channels
Louisiana:to
Louisiana
Cajun
NewCountry
England
13% of world’s coastlines have barrier islands
Bays & Barrier Islands . . . .
Barrier islands
occur all along the
East/South Coast
Plum Island, Me
Outer Banks,North Carolina
South Padre, Tx
Barrier Islands
- narrow strips of land
- separated by tidal inlets
- parallel to the coastline
- on gently sloping
Whatshelf
are
continental
BARRIER
ISLANDS?
- separated from
the
mainland by shallow
bays Outer
or lagoons
Banks,North Carolina
Barrier Islands
- narrow strips of land
- separated by tidal inlets
- parallel to the coastline
- on gently sloping
Howshelf
do
continental
ISLANDS
-BARRIER
separated from
the
mainland
by shallow
form?
bays or lagoons
- composed of fine
grained sediments
Barrier Islands
one theory . . . 18,000 YEARS AGO . . . .
- end of last ice age
- sea levels were low
What are
- more land exposed
BARRIER ISLANDS
GLOBAL WARMING . . . .
made of?
- glaciers begin melt
- sea level rises and
land floods behind
sand ridges
Barrier Islands
X-section
Where
do
mainland
ocean
these sediments
What
are
come from?
BARRIER ISLANDS
muds
sands
made of?
Barrier Islands
Where do
these sediments
come from?
1) sediment transport
by rivers
2) long shore drift
Barrier Islands
eastern North Carolina
Where do
these sediments
come from?
1) sediment transport
by rivers
2) long shore drift
river watersheds
Barrier Islands
eastern North Carolina
1) sediment transport
by rivers
2) long shore drift
river watersheds
Barrier Islands
eastern North Carolina
1) sediment transport
by rivers
2) long shore drift
Barrier Islands
barrier
island
ocean
Barrier Islands
Barrier Islands
Barrier Islands move in direction of longshore drift!
Barrier Islands
Example of Longshore Drift . . . .
Mainland
ocean
Barrier Islands
“some
of the most
fragile and changing
on earth”
Example
of Longshore
Drift . . landforms
..
- made of sand and mud
Barrier Islands
“some of the most fragile and changing landforms on earth”
- made of sand and mud
- low elevations
- migrate over time by longshore drift
- vulnerable to wave & storm action
Not appropriate for development!
Barrier Islands
“some of the most fragile and changing landforms on earth”
- made of sand and mud
- low elevations
- migrate over time by longshore drift
- vulnerable to wave & storm action
Not appropriate for development!
Barrier Islands
“some of the most fragile and changing landforms on earth”
Topsail Island, NC
bay
- extensive development
- residences
- condos
- hotels
1996: Hurricane Fran
overwash fan
ocean
Not appropriate for development!
Barrier Islands
“some of the most fragile and changing landforms on earth”
Topsail Island, NC
bay
- extensive development
- residences
- condos
- hotels
1996: Hurricane Fran
overwash fan
ocean
Not appropriate for development!
Barrier Islands
To protect from sand transfer
and overwash, we build . . .
“some of the most fragile and changing landforms on earth”
overwash fan
Not appropriate for development!
Barrier Islands
To protect from sand transfer
and overwash, we build . . .
- Shore-Perpendicular Structures
- Shore-Parallel Offshore Structures
- Shore-Parallel Onshore Structures
Barrier Islands
- Shore-Perpendicular Structures
Jetty or Groin
Ocean City,Md
Does this work?
Barrier Islands
- Shore-Perpendicular Structures
Jetty or Groin
Ocean City,Md
-1933 hurricane overwash
- built new rock jetties to
protect the new inlet
Barrier Islands
- Shore-Perpendicular Structures
Jetty or Groin
Ocean City,Md
-1933 hurricane overwash
- built new rock jetties to
protect the new inlet
Barrier Islands
- Shore-Perpendicular Structures
Jetty or Groin
TODAY . . .
Ocean City,Md
-1933 hurricane overwash
- built new rock jetties to
protect the new inlet
Does this work? Not too well!
Barrier Islands
To protect from sand transfer
and overwash, we build . . .
- Shore-Perpendicular Structures
- Shore-Parallel Offshore Structures
- Shore-Parallel Onshore Structures
Barrier Islands
- Shore-Parallel Offshore Structures
dissipate offshore
ocean waves
wave energy
sand build-up
break-waters or sills
Barrier Islands
To protect from sand transfer
and overwash, we build . . .
- Shore-Perpendicular Structures
- Shore-Parallel Offshore Structures
- Shore-Parallel Onshore Structures
Barrier Islands
- Shore-Parallel Onshore Structures
Seawalls & bulkheads
- built parallel to shoreline
- stabilize shore position
- protect upland property
Does this work?
Barrier Islands
- Shore-Parallel Onshore Structures
Barrier Islands
- Shore-Parallel Onshore Structures
Barrier Islands
- Shore-Parallel Onshore Structures
seawall
erosion
breaking
wave
Barrier Islands
- Shore-Parallel Onshore Structures
X
Barrier Islands
- Shore-Parallel Onshore Structures
Does this work? Not very well!!
Barrier Islands
Take-Aways . . . .
&
- erosion, sediment transport, longshore drift, &
overwashChesapeake
are natural geologic processes
Bay
- development reduces this natural flexibility
- shoreline engineering protects the development,
not the barrier island
- shoreline engineering destroys the beach it
intended to save
10,000 YBP Chesapeake Bay
18,000 YBP barrier islands form
35MYBP bolide impact event
Civilizations Time Line: Iron Age to the Present
Civilizations Time Line: Iron Age to the Present
Civilizations Time Line: Iron Age to the Present
1964: Bay Bridge-Tunnel
1903: Wright brothers’ flight
1895: Vanderbilt’s Biltmore
1879: Ocean City, NJ established
1750’s Acadians arrive in Louisiana
Louisiana
Louisiana:
Next week
to
Cajun
–New
Session
Country
England
2
Bays & Barrier Islands . . . .
Remember the bolide!
Watch out for geologic processes!
X
Week 2: New England
Week 1:
Louisiana to New England
Next week – Session 2
meanwhile, check out Don’s website
for these and all his other classes . . . .
Week 2: New England
www.donbeaumont.weebly.com
Week 1:
Rocky Louisiana
meets toaNew
dinosaur,
England up close!
REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cajun
http://doa.louisiana.gov/census/theme/cajun.jpg
http://www.gatewayno.com/culture/Cajuns.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana's_Ragin'_Cajuns
www.cajuncrawfishpie.com/crawfish-etouffee.jpg
http://whatscookingamerica.net/Soup/Gumbo.jpg
http://img4.myrecipes.com/i/recipes/ck/05/04/jambalaya-ck-1041904-l.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_River#Watershed
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mississippi_watershed_map_1.jpg
http://www.nps.gov/miss/photosmultimedia/upload/watershedBG.jpg
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/pf/57998027.html
http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs15099/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay
http://www.cbbt.com/history.html
http://www.chesapeakebay.net/images/watershed_large.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/ChesapeakeBayWatershed.png
http://ehs.virginia.edu/ehs/ehs.stormwater/stormwater.images/baywatershed.jpg
http://water.epa.gov/type/watersheds/named/msbasin/marb.cfm
http://www.chesapeakebay.net/baygeology.aspx?menuitem=14604
http://web.wm.edu/geology/virginia/provinces/coastalplain/cbis.html?svr=www
http://www.icdp-online.org/upload/pdf/scientific%20drilling/SDjournal_no3_06_final_web.pdf
http://science.kennesaw.edu/~jdirnber/oceanography/LecuturesOceanogr/LecEstuaries/LecEstuaries.html
http://www.virginiaplaces.org/chesbay/chesgeo.html
Hobbs, C. H. 2004. "Geological history of Chesapeake Bay, USA," Quaternary Science Reviews 23(5-6):641-661
Steven M. Colman, Jeffrey P. Halka, C. H. Hobbs, Robert B. Mixon, and David S. Foster, Ancient channels of the Susquehanna River beneath Chesapeake Bay and the
Delmarva Peninsula, Geological Society of America Bulletin, September, 1990, v. 102, p. 1268-1279
USGS Fact Sheet 049-98
The Chesapeake Bay Bolide: Modern Consequences of an Ancient Cataclysm
Open-File Report 2007–1094, Site report for USGS test holes drilled at Cape Charles, Northampton County, Virginia, in 2004
http://www.icdp-online.org/upload/pdf/scientific%20drilling/SDjournal_no3_06_final_web.pdf
The Chesapeake Bay Bolide: Modern Consequences of an Ancient Cataclysm
http://geology.rockbandit.net/2008/09/15/how-barrier-islands-such-as-galveston-work/
http://spinner.cofc.edu/CGOInquiry/Graphics/barris.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrier_island
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_Banks
http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/conservation/issues/barrier-island6.htm
http://spinner.cofc.edu/CGOInquiry/longshoredrift.htm?referrer=webcluster&
Keener-Chavis, P. and Sautter, L., Of Sand and Sea: Teachings from the Southeastern Shoreline.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Barrier_islands_of_the_United_States
http://www.a1outerbanksvacation.com/images/map-of-outer-banks-region.jpeg
http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/maps/nc/Watersheds-NC-map.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longshore_drift
http://euphrates.wpunj.edu/faculty/pardir/Courses/Oceanography
http://www.csc.noaa.gov/beachnourishment/html/geo/barrier.htm
Natural hazards and disasters, Donald W. Hyndman, Brooks/Cole Publishing, 2011
http://coastalcare.org/educate/shoreline-engineering/
Living with the South Carolina Coast, Gered Lennon Duke University Press, 1996