Fungi- Chapter 14
Fungi
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Eukaryotic
Unicellular and multicellular
Most are composed of hyphae (fungal filaments)
Nuclei occur in continuous mycelium
Heterotrophic absorbers
Cell wall present and predominantly made of chitin
Reproduction is asexual and sexual
Life cycles are variable
Numbers- ~100,000 species described
Habitat- ubiquitous, but primarily terrestrial
Size- microscopic and macroscopic
Storage product- glycogen
Phylum Cryptomycota
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Unikonts
Lack chitin
~1000 species
Habitat- Soil, freshwater, and
marine
• Example- Rozella.
Phylum Chytridiomycota
• Aseptate.
• ~800 species
• Habitat
– Soil from desert, ditches, and
banks of ponds and streams,
rumen of large mammals
• Motile zoospores and gametes
with a single whiplash flagellum
• Example- Allomyces
• Sexual reproduction involves the
formation of a sporophyte
• Asexual by zoospores
Phylum Microsporidia
• Spore forming unicellular
animal parasites
• ~1500 species
• Lack mitochondria, golgi, and
peroxisomes
• Reproduce by forming spores
that shoot polar tubes into
host cells
• ExampleMicrosporidium
Phylum Glomeromycota
• Arbuscular
endomycorrhizae
• 200 species so far
• Occur in about 80% of
vascular plants
• Aseptate, coenocytic
• Asexual, large
multinucleate spores
• Example- Glomus
Phylum Zygomycota
• Aseptate
• ~1000 species
• Habitat
– Plant and animal tissue in soil,
some are parasitic on plants,
insects, and small soil animals
• Nonmotile.
• Example- Rhizopus stolonifer
(common bread mold)
• Sexual reproduction involves
the formation of a
zygosporangium
• Asexual by nonmotile spores
Phylum Ascomycota
• Septate
• ~32,000 species
• Habitat
– Leaves, wood, plant fruit.
• Nonmotile
• Examples- Neurospora
(powdery mildew),
Morchella (morel),
Saccharomyces (yeast)
• Sexual reproduction
involves the formation of
asci on an ascocarp
• Asexual by budding,
conidiospores,
fragmentation
Phylum Basidiomycota
• Septate
• ~22,000 species
• Habitat
– Plant litter
• Nonmotile
• Examples- Agaricus
(mushroom), Puccinia
(rusts), Ustilago (smuts)
• Sexual reproduction
involves the formation of
basidia on an basidiocarp
• Asexual by budding,
conidiospores, fragmentation
Lichens
• Mycobiont and phycobiont
• Mycobiont= part
Ascomycota &
Basidiomycota
• ~13,000 species
• Habitat
– From the desert
to the poles
• Nonmotile
• Examples- Caloplaca
(crustose), Parmelia
(foliose), Usnea (fruticose)
• Reproduction is by
fragmentation