Intrapersonal
Communication
Diyah Ayu Amalia Avina M.Si
Avina.lecture.ub.ac.id
S
Intrapersonal ?
S Definition of INTRAPERSONAL
: occurring within the individual mind or self <intrapersonal
concerns of the aged>
<http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/intrapersonal>
Intrapersonal Communication
S Communication with ourselves or our self talk (Wood,
2001 p 26)
S Related with thinking – information processing
Intrapersonal communication?
S Information processing within oneself
Intrapersonal communication :
a Process
Sensation
Perception
Memory
Thinking
S Intrapersonal communication takes place within a single
person, often for the purpose of clarifying ideas or analyzing
a situation.
S Other times, intrapersonal communication is undertaken in
order to reflect upon or appreciate something.
Sensation
Catching or gathering stimulus
Part of perception
Sensation refers the immediate response of our
sensory receptors (eyes, ears, nose, mouth, finger) to
basic stimuli such as light, color, sound, odor, and
texture(Solomon. 2004:45)
S
SENSATION
starve
Internal
Tootache
Remember about
something
Type of stimulus
watching
infotainment
External
Listen to someone else
who give you
an order
www.themegallery.com
Vision
smell
Sensory system
Sound
Touch
taste
• Colourful, fancy : – younger feel ;
• red – passsion ,lust
• ; pink – romance; yellow—happy, spirit- starve ;
blue – relaxing, positive feeling of the
future, etc
• mourn=
• black –west countries ; white – east countries
• woman – mostly bright colour ; oattern sensitive
• Age – adults (older people) has limiatation of
ability to see the colour ex – old people choose
white car (LEXUS = 60% WHITE)
• Smell creates emotion and feelings
•
•
•
•
Ex :
aromatherapy for relaxation
Food aroma create hunger feelings
Thinking the other - based on
memories
• Level of wordiness, intonation, pitch, melody
 give a different sensation for a person
• Ex :
• Soundtrack of movies : romantic feelings,
• Sound efect :
• Music at department stores  consumer feel
relax but give a stimuli to keep shooping.
• Sensation when you touch somehing
• ex :
• What do you feel when your boyfriend
touch your hand ?
• Test drive
• Touch the fabrics
• Sweet, sour, salty,
• Ex : toothpaste for children :
strawberry taste
• Adults : mint
Perception
Perception is the process by which these
sensation are selected, organized, and
interpreted. (Solomon, 2004:45)
S
WHAT DO YOU THINK?
Perception Process
SENSORY STIMULI
SENSORY RECEPTORS
Sights
Sounds
Smells
Taste
Eyes
Ears
Nose
Mouth
Gambar Perceptual Process (Proses Persepsi)
(Solomon.2004:49)
Exposure
Attention
(paparan)
(perhatian)
Interpretation
Whats wrong?
Perception or
Sensation ?
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Factor that affect perception
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What Do You See?
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1. attention
S Mental process when
one of stimuli has
dominate in a person
mind
S
Perceptual Selectivity - we notice
only a small amount of what's out
there, utilizing Perceptual Filters
S
Perceptual Vigilance - we tend to
notice things immediately
important to us
S
Perceptual Defence - we don't see
what we don't want to see
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S
Adaptation
S
Whether we notice things
differently or even continue to
notice them at all over time
depends on how it registers with
us in terms of
S
How much we notice and react to something also depends on the thing
itself; its :
2. Functional Factor
S Functional factor (personal
factor ), based on the
characteristic of a person who
give response based on his/her
past experience
S ex :
S @restaurant– 1. hungry 2.
thirsty –
looking for a
different menu
Which one is bigger?
3. Structural factor
S Based on physical stimuli and neuron effect
S Gestalt theory : if some one has perception
about something, he/her percepting it as the
whole thing
S Organizing and interpretating erceptual and
cognition (Krech dan Crutchfield)
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example
S
example
S
Police man who steal something
is more bad and pathetic than a
regular burglar.
Beautiful artist  still beautiful even
sh didn’t us a make up?
Ugly artist  If we tought that
someone is ugly, we will say “she’s
so ugly, otherwise she didn’t wear a
make up)
struktural factor from communication material that affected people :
S Size : bigger is better – give more attention to a bigger thing
S Position : left and right  rightposition is better
S Colour : coloured material is more attractive than B/W material
S Contrast affected empowering the messages
Perception : a basic Factor
stereotype
S What people think about
“Fixed pattern” for
certain object
characteristic.
S Usually for negative
meaning
selectivity
S
Selective perception because
brain only can process several
information – not all. It’s only
choose the information that
attractive to this person
Car :
-
Brand name
-
Technical spesification
-
Colour
-
-body
-
- interior
Self concept
S the beliefs a person holds about his or her own attribute and
how he or she evaluates these qualities.
S self concept : basically, a person has an individual attribute,
a standar / ideal self that he/her think it should be appear
on themselves, and evaluate the quality of thim/her actual
attribute
MULTIPLE SELVES
S We have as many selves as
we do in different social
roles.
Collective self
S where the person’s identity is derived in large
measure from his or her social group
S Ex: beauty  white skin, bright eye
SELF ESTEEM
The positive of a person’s self concept vs low self esteem
S Ex : feel confidence about herself vs cosmetic /plastic
surgery addicted
FANTASY
S
Basically : people wanted to be
look like their ideal concept
S
Gap  bringing a prospect to
fulfill the gap  consume
something
Situational factor
need (and wants)
Need : urgent – should be
fulfilled
Want : something that
people attracted and
wanted to have or to do
Emotion
S Psycological factors of a person feeling
INTERPRETATION
S Interpretation refers to the meaning what we give for sensory
stimuli (Solomon.2004:69).
S a meaning from stimuli that we get
S Different background- different ability to understand the
stimuli- different interpretation
Interpretation..(2)
• asks us to mentally complete a picture
• is a technique we use from our earliest days to help us remember
something by how it's like something else we already know
• implies a situation where the subject stands out easily against
the background; this can be visual, or as understood by any of
the other senses
S Bias - The Eye of the Beholder –
S the potential for bias in interpretation is huge; at the base of all
advertising strategies is the question,
S "How will the potential buyer interpret it?"
√
MEMORY
Storage process
Keep the information
S
Sistem memory
sensory
memory
short term
memory
long term
memory
MEMORY
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Theories of Memory
disuse theory
(Teori Aus)
S Loosing memory because of time
S Memory such like muscle – getting stronger if
we continuing practicing
Exercise :
do you remember something happen when you 7
yo ?
Do you remember all of last semester subject
materials ?
(Interference Theory)
S
Memory is such like canvas --
S
The second / next record
looses the previous records –
interference
S
Retroactive inhibition – only
remember the newest things
S
Proactive inhibition
S
To much “things” to remember =
its easy to forget
S
Ex : its hard to remember words
in thesaurus / dictionary
information processing theory
S Human brain = Computer
S Sensory memory  short term memory  long term
memory or  RETRIEVAL VS FORGET /DECAY
• When we didn’t use something, we
forget it
• Ex : run out soap – go to supermarket –
forget what we shall buy
• We decide not to remember
• Ex :
• broken heart and it’s time to move on
• Smoker prefer to forget the effect of smoking
• New learning wipes out old
• Ex : study psychology of communication
= only remember the last lessons
• unspoken and unatractive things will difficult
to remember
• Ex : unatractive girl in the class room
•
thinking
S
thinking
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Thinking
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THINKING
 PROCESS TO DECIDE THE
MAIN POINTS / BRIEFLY
RESULTS (Anita Taylor)
 THINKING
 reality understanding for
decision making,
 problem solving,
 Find out / makes something new
(creativity)
THINKING
BERPIKIR
DECISION MAKING
(introduction)
S
Menetapkan keputusan
 Menetapkan keputusan (decision making), tanda umum:
1. Keputusan: hasil berpikir, hasil usaha intelektual
2. Keputusan selalu melibatkan pilihan dari berbagai alternatif
3. Keputusan selalu melibatkan tindakan nyata, walaupun
pelaksanaannya boleh ditangguhkan/ dilupakan
Menetapkan keputusan
Decision Making : Basic
Principt
S Problem solving
S Rational
S Hedonic benefits
John Dewey (dalam Engel et.al, 1995 : 45),
Process of Decision Making
case
Find out a basic
memories (tries to find
out an effective problem
solving method from
past experiences
Making a deep
understanding of
situation, solution and
choosing conclusion
Aha moments/ insight
solution
Think any possibilities /
alternatives
Three basic aspects of
intrapersonal
communication
S
Three basic aspects of
intrapersonal communication
1. Self Concept
(Self awareness)
Definition
S how a persona sees
him/herself and how it is
oriented toward others.
S
internally focuses
S Related to self esteem
Three factor of self
concept
S Exercise :
Self esteem
How people think about him/her
self
It is also connected with :
If You’ve got D at
Psychology of
communication subject.
What do you think about
your self – (positive /
negative?)
explain briefly
• basic personal orientation toward true or false, good or bad;
beliefs can be descriptive or prescriptive.
• deep-seated orientations and ideals, generally based on and
consistent with beliefs, about right and wrong ideas and actions.
• learned predisposition toward or against a topic, ideals that
stem from and generally are consistent with values. Attitudes
often are global, typically emotional.
S Beliefs, values and attitudes all influence BEHAVIOUR ,
which can be either spoken opinion or physical action
2. Perception
WHAT DO YOU THINK?
“Words don’t mean; people mean”
2. Perception
S
S
S
External orientation – looking
forward
The way people view the world –
affect people interpretation of
communication stimulus (berko,
wolvin, and wolvin 2001: p 6)
exercise
S
What is the most terrible things
that happened to you? what do
you think about it? What its
impact to you
S
Remember the last movies or tvc
ads that you saw recently. What
is your perception about it?
Rooted in beliefs, values and
atttitude
Perception : a process
S Check the material above this chapter
3.Expectation
S
S
expectations are future-oriented
messages dealing with long-term
roles, sometimes called life
scripts.
These sometimes are projections
of learned relationships within
the family or society.
S Exercise :
S What is your expectation
when choosing
psychology of
communication as
subject study ?
Different level of communication activity
at intrapersonal communication
Internal
discourse
Solo vocal
communication
Solo written
communication
•
Different level of communication activity
at intrapersonal communication .. (1)
• involves thinking, concentration and analysis.
• Psychologists include both daydreaming and nocturnal
dreaming in this category. Prayer, contemplation and
meditation also are part of this category,
• though from a theological point of view the argument may
be made that this is not solely internal to one person. In
Sufi tradition, this is similar to the concept of nafs,
negotiating with the inner self.
• Example: Consciously appreciating the beauty of a sunset.
Different level of communication activity
at intrapersonal communication(2&3)
• includes speaking aloud to oneself.
• This may be done to clarify thinking, to rehearse a
message intended for others, or simply to let off steam
• . Example: Talking to yourself as you complain about
your boss.
• deals with writing not intended for others.
• Example: An entry in a diary or personal journal.
Example :
SELF TALK
positive
S
Be patient, let training take over
S
Patience, don’t rush
Relax, restructure, reactivate
negative
S
Too much
pressure
S
Want a quick
finish
S
“this isn’t going to
plan”
Patience, I’m better than that
S
Trust the preparation
S Getting shouted
http://www.thesportinmind.com/articles/self-talk/
at
Source :
S Wood, Julia T. 2001. Communication Mosaics. Thomson Learning
:Belmont CA
S Berko,R. Wolvin,A. Wolvin, D.2001 Communicating : eight edition.
Houghton Mifflin Company :NY
S smith.2014. Intrapersonal and Interpersonal communication. Viewed 24
February 2014
S <faculty.buffalostate.edu/smithrd/UAE/socommunication/unit4/pd
f>
http://www.yorku.ca/lripley/cbUlearn.htm