Introduction to Hospitality, 6e
and
Introduction to Hospitality Management, 4e
John R. Walker
Recreation, Attractions, and Clubs
Chapter 10
Recreation, Leisure, and Wellness
• The word recreation is defined as the use of
time for therapeutic refreshment of one’s body or
mind
• Recreation allows people to have fun together
and form lasting relationships built on the
experiences they have enjoyed together
– This recreational process is called bonding
• Leisure is best described as time free from
work, or discretionary time
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Government-Sponsored Recreation
• Various levels of government that constitute
government-sponsored recreation are
intertwined, yet distinct, in the parks, recreation,
and leisure services
• The founding fathers of America said it best
when they affirmed the right to life, liberty, and
the pursuit of happiness in the Declaration of
Independence
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Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Government-Sponsored Recreation
• Government raises revenue from income
taxes, sales taxes, and property taxes
• Additionally, government raises special
revenue from recreation-related activities
such as automobile and recreational
vehicles, boats, motor fuels, transient
occupancy taxes (TOT) on hotel
accommodations, etc.
– The monies are distributed among the various
recreation- and leisure-related organizations
at the federal, state/provincial, city, and town
levels
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Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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National Parks in the United States
• The National Parks Service was founded in
1916 by Congress to conserve park resources
and to provide for their use by the public in a
way that leaves them unimpaired
• The system’s current roster of 367 areas covers
more than 80 million acres of land
• More than 300 million visitors go to the parks
each year
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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National Park Management
• The National Park Service is in the Department
of the Interior and is overseen by a director who
reports to the Secretary of the Interior.
• There are 397 National Parks divided into seven
regions. The Director of the National Park
Service establishes and approves service-wide
natural resource policies and standards
• The National Park Service budget for 2011 is
$3.14 billion, and it employs a staff of 21,501
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Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Public Recreation and Parks Agencies
• By the early 1900s, fourteen cities had made
provisions for supervised play facilities, and the
play ground movement gained momentum
• Boston established the first metropolitan park
system in 1892.
• In 1898, the New England Association of Park
Superintendents (predecessor of the American
Institute of Park Executives) was established to
bring together park superintendents and
promote their professional concerns.
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Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Commercial Recreation - Attractions
• Recreation management came of age in the
1920s and 1930s, when recreation and social
programs were offered as a community service
• Commercial recreation—often called eco- or
adventure tourism—provides residents and
visitors with access to an area’s spectacular
wilderness through a variety of guided outdoor
activities
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Theme Parks
• Began with Knott’s Berry Farms:
– During the 1920s in Buena Park,
California, Knott’s Berry Farm was a
berry farm and a tea room
– Business grew and different attractions
were added to the site
– Today, Knott’s Berry Farms is owned by
Cedar Fair Entertainment Corporation
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Size and Scope of the
Theme Park Industry
• Theme parks and attractions vary according to
theme—which might be historical, cultural,
geographical, and so on
• Some parks and attractions focus on a single
theme; others focus on multiple themes
• There are an abundance of theme parks located
throughout the United States
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Introducing Walt Disney:
A Man With a Vision
• In 1923, at the age of twenty-one, Walt Disney
arrived in Los Angeles from Kansas City to start
a new business
• Mickey and Minnie Mouse first appeared in
Steamboat Willie, which also incorporated music
and sound, on November 18, 1928
• During the next few years, Walt and Roy made
many Mickey Mouse films, which earned them
enough to develop other projects, including fulllength motion pictures in Technicolor
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Magic Kingdom
• The heart of Walt Disney World and its first
famous theme park is the Magic Kingdom. It is a
giant theatrical stage where guests become part
of exciting Disney adventures. It is also the
home of Mickey Mouse, Snow White, Peter Pan,
Tom Sawyer, Davy Crockett, and the Swiss
Family Robinson.
• More than forty major shows and ride-through
attractions, not to mention shops and unique
dining facilities, fill its seven lands of imagination
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Epcot
• Epcot is a unique, permanent, and everchanging world’s fair with 2 major themes:
Future World and World Showcase
• Highlights include IllumiNations: Reflections of
Earth, a nightly spectacle of fireworks, fountains,
lasers, and classical music.
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Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Disney’s Hollywood Studios
• With fifty major shows, shops, restaurants, ridethrough adventures, and backstage tours,
Disney’s Hollywood Studios (formerly Disney–
MGM Studios) combines real working motion
picture, animation, and television studios with
exciting movie attractions
• Walt Disney World is the most popular
destination resort in the world since its opening
in 1971
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
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Universal Studios
• Guided tours on its famous movie sets
• Most formidable competitor facing the Disney
Corp.
• One reason for Universal’s success is its
adaptation of movies into thrill rides
• Another is their commitment to guest
participation
• Largest movie studio and theme park is
Universal Hollywood
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Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Sea World Parks and Entertainment
• Leader in conservation and education
• Dedicated to preserving marine life and uses innovative
programs to research various wildlife dilemmas
• Includes:
– Sea World
– Busch Gardens
– Adventure Island
– Water Country
– Sesame Place
– Discovery Cove
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Hershey’s
• 1900s: Started producing mass quantities of milk
chocolate—resulting in immediate success
• The following decades brought many product line
expansions
– 1907: Milton Hershey opened Hershey Park as a
leisure park for employees of Hershey’s Company
– 1908: The park started its soon-to-be huge expansion
– The park continued to add more rides and attractions;
as the park continued to expand, the company
decided to open the park’s doors to the public
– 1971: The park underwent redevelopment to turn the
small regional park into a large theme park
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Regional Theme Parks
• Dollywood:
– In 1961, a small attraction with a Civil War theme
called Rebel Railroad opened its doors to the public
• This attraction is now known all across the world as
Dollywood
• The name came about in 1986 when Dolly Parton
became a co-owner of the park
• LegoLand:
– Owned and operated by the Lego Group
– Marketed toward young families
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Regional Theme Parks
• GatorLand:
– Started when Owen Godwin built an alligator pit in his
backyard
– After World War II, Godwin bought a 16-acre plot
located off Florida’s second most traveled highway
– Provides a close-up view of Florida’s animals in their
native habitat
• Wet n’ Wild:
– First major water park in the U.S.
– In 1998, owner George Millay sold the Orlando Park
to Universal Studios Recreation Group
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Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Animal Attractions
• Zoos - Approximately 150 million people visit a
U.S. zoo every year.
• The first zoo in the United States was the
Philadelphia Zoo, built in 1859.
• Even today, zoos are extremely popular in the
United States and Canada, and almost every
major city has one
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Animal Attractions
• The world-famous San Diego Zoo is located in
historic Balboa Park in downtown San Diego,
California.
• Founded in 1916 by Dr. Henry Wegeworth, the
zoo’s original collection totaled 50 animals.
Today, it is home to over 4,000 animals of more
than 800 different species.
• The zoo also features a prominent botanical
collection with more than 700,000 exotic plants
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Animal Attractions
• The National Zoological Park in Washington,
D.C., is part of the respected Smithsonian
Institution. More than 2,000 animals from nearly
400 species make their home in this zoo
• Aquariums are attractions that provide thrilling
educational experiences to millions of tourists
each year. They are also multi-million-dollar
showpieces, displaying creatures vastly different
from us who dwell on land
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Historic Places/Sites
• The first sites visited in recorded history were
the Seven Wonders of the ancient world, which
included
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–
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–
–
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the Great Pyramid of Giza (Egypt)
the Hanging Gardens of Babylon (Iraq)
the Statue of Zeus at Olympia (Greece)
the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus (Turkey)
the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (Turkey)
the Colossus of Rhodes (Greece)
and the Lighthouse of Alexandria (Egypt)
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
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Historic Places/Sites
• Historic places, sites, and museums are a part of
what is now called heritage tourism.
• Heritage tourism has gained prominence in
recent years, particularly with baby boomers and
older adults
• The National Register of Historic Places is
the United States’ official list of districts,
sites, buildings, structures, and objects worthy
of preservation with more than 85,000 listings
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Historic Places/Sites
• A few of the more important U.S. historical
attractions:
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–
–
–
–
–
Monticello, home of Thomas Jefferson
The French Quarter in New Orleans
The Martin Luther King Jr National Historic site
The Grand Ole Opry in Nashville
The Freedom Trail in Boston
The Liberty Bell in Philadelphia
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
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Museums
• The number of museums in the United States
has more than quadrupled since 1950.
• There are many types of museums, including
general, art, science and technology, natural
history, history, and military
• The Smithsonian Museum in Washington, D.C.
holds almost 140 million artifacts, works of art,
and specimens
– Smithsonian museums attract approximately 24.2
million visitors annually, and entrance is free
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Museums
• The Field Museum located in Chicago is a
“unique institution of public learning that utilizes
its collections, researchers, exhibits, and
educational programs to increase public
knowledge . . . of the world
• The Museum was founded in 1893 as a place to
house biological and anthropological collections
for a world exposition
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Performance Arts
• Theaters once were immensely important. In a
time before people had access to modern
inventions like radio or television, books and
theater were the only entertainment available
• Theater is no longer attractive only to the upper
classes; affordable prices make it reasonable
entertainment for almost anyone
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Destinations
• Some destinations are major attractions in
themselves
– Athens, the capital city of Greece, is one of the
world’s oldest cities
– London was once the center of an empire that
included approximately one quarter of the globe
– Paris is a city of beautiful buildings, boulevards,
parks, markets, and restaurants and cafés
– They say, “All roads lead to Rome.” Rome, the
Eternal City, also called the “Cradle of Civilization,”
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Managing Attractions
• Managing attractions and theme parks has
many similarities to managing any business.
Theme park managers use the same main
management functions
–
–
–
–
Planning
Organizing
Decision making
Controlling
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Clubs
• Private clubs are places where members gather for
social, recreational, professional, and fraternal
reasons
• The club is like a second home, but with diverse
facilities and staff to accommodate the occasion
• Many business deals are negotiated on the golf
course
• New clubs are born when a developer purchases a
tract of land and builds a golf course with a
clubhouse surrounded by homes or condominiums
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
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Size and Scope of the Club Industry
• When the total resources of all the clubs are
considered (land, buildings, equipment,
thousands of employees, etc.), we are talking
billions of dollars of economic impact
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Club Management
• Similar to hotel management
– The main difference between club management and
hotel management is that with clubs the guests feel
as if they are the owners
– Another difference is that most clubs do not offer
sleeping accommodations
• Members pay an initiation fee and annual dues
• Club Managers Association of America:
– Goal is to advance the profession of club
management by fulfilling the educational and related
needs of the club managers
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Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Club Management Structure
• Articles of incorporation and bylaws determine structure:
– Members:
• Members elect the officers and directors of the club
• The club president is the lead member or official in
policymaking
• The vice president is groomed for the role of president
– Executive Committee:
• Activities, grounds, and funding
– Treasurer:
• Gives advice on financial matters
– General Manager:
• Day-to-day operation
• Asset management
• Preserving and fostering the club culture
– Secretary:
• Records minutes of meetings
• Takes care of correspondence
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Management to Leadership
Figure 10-1
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
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Types of Clubs
• Nearly all country clubs have one or more
lounges and restaurants, and most have
banquet facilities
– Some country clubs charge for an initiation fee—
some as much as $250,000!
• Country clubs have 2 or more types of
membership
– Full membership enables members to use all the
facilities all the time
– Social membership only allows members to use the
social facilities
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Types of Clubs
• City Clubs: predominantly business oriented
• Professional Clubs: For people in the same profession
• Social Clubs: Allow members to enjoy one another’s
company; members represent many different
professions, yet they have similar socioeconomic
backgrounds
• Athletic Clubs: Gives city workers and residents an
opportunity to work out, swim, play squash and/or
racquetball, and so on
• Dining Clubs: Generally located in large city office
buildings
• University Clubs: Private clubs for alumni or alumnae
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Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Types of Clubs
• Military Clubs: Cater to noncommissioned officers and
enlisted officers
• Yacht Clubs: Provides members with moorage slips,
where their boats are kept secure
• Fraternal Clubs: Includes many special organizations,
such as the Veterans of Foreign Wars, Elks, and
Shriners
• Proprietary Clubs: Operate on a for-profit basis; owned
by corporations or individuals; individuals wanting to
become members purchase a membership, not a share
in the club
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Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Sustainable Golf Course Management
• The golf course industry recognizes
sustainability as it is referenced by the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the
United Nations, which indicates that it is
“meeting the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs.”
• Golf course facilities are prime candidates for
reducing or reusing waste
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Noncommercial Recreation
• Noncommercial recreation includes:
– Voluntary organizations, which are nongovernmental,
nonprofit agencies, serving the public-at-large (i.e., the
YMCA)
– Campus Recreation programs include involvement by
campus recreation offices, intramural departments, student
unions, residence staffs, or other sponsors
– Armed Forces Recreation provides well-rounded welfare
and recreational programs for military personnel
– Employee Recreation promotes employee efficiency
through recreational activities
– Recreation for special populations involves
professionals and organizations who serve groups such as
those with mental illness, mental retardation, or physical
challenges
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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Trends
• An increase in all fitness activities
• A surge in travel and tourism
• In addition to a continuation of traditional
recreation and leisure activities, special
programs targeted toward at-risk youths and
latchkey children are also being developed
• Several additional products in the commercial
sector
• Additional learning and adventure opportunities
for the elderly
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
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The End
Introduction to Hospitality, 6e and Introduction to
Hospitality Management, 4e - Walker
© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved