Using driver risk assessment
methods to develop a crash
free culture
Tony Kaye & Paula Bainbridge
Thomas International Ltd
www.thomasinternational.net
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Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
Initial Research
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
Bus drivers in greater London

Alec Horner – Client

David Leigh-Howarth – Thomas International
Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
Table 1: Description Criterion Data for 49 Bus Drivers
Variable
Mean Std Dev
Min
Max
N
Label
ACCID
3.0
3.3
0
16
47
Number of Accidents
YRS
9.5
7.0
1
26
49
Years of Service
INDACC
77.9
83.5
4
433
47
Index of Accident
NINDACC
00.00
1.00
-2.2
2.2
47
Normalised INDACC
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Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
Table 2: Correlations of PPA with Accident Indices and
PPA Intercorrelations
Correlations of Accident Rates with PPA Profile scores
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Corr
Rank
Uml
Indacc
Norm
D3
.38*
.41*
-.49**
.38*
D3
IN3
.29
.36*
.26
.32
IN3
S3
-.27
-.31
-.36*
-.27
S3
C3
-.42*
-.47**
-.45**
-.44**
C3
No of
cases:
47
1-tailed
Signif:
*-01
Intercorrelations of PPA Profile Scores
D3
IN3
S3
C3
1.0
.13
-.83**
-.50**
1.0
-.37*
-.59**
1.0
.29
1.0
**-.001
Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
Table 3: Idealised Profile Configurations for Low,
Middle and High Accident Drivers
Mean Values for Groups
D
I
S
C
Low Accidents (16)
-6.8
-0.4
+5.4
+0.2
Middle Group (20)
-5.1
+0.7
+4.6
-0.6
High Accidents (11)
+0.2
+3.6
+0.8
-4.5
P Values for Anova
.01
.03
.06
.001
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Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
About HALF!!
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Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
5 Broad risk categories determined by the behavioural
core risk factors found by driver research to be highly
predictive of safe and unsafe driving:
SAFE
• Patient
• Structured
• Observant
• Reliable
• Good concentration
• Self-disciplined
• Risk adverse
• Responsible
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UNSAFE
• Arrogant
• Aggressive
• Impulsive
• Risk taker
• Irresponsible
• Undisciplined
• Easily distracted
• Unrealistic
Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
Conclusion
…. Deselecting those who did not report
themselves as more compliant and steady
than dominant and influential would seem
from this study, to have credibility based on
sound validity, and perhaps, common sense.
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Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
The Plot
•
Predict driver collision rates
•
Train them to recognise their own behaviour
patterns
•
Allow self-awareness to take its course
•
Reduce collision rates
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Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
Personal Profile Analysis (PPA)
•
Ipsative series of 24 forced choice
questions
•
BPS certified as highly reliable & valid
•
10 Minute completion time
•
Online or pen & paper delivery
•
56 Languages available
•
Instant risk rating & report generation
–
–
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Candidate feedback for Drivers
Driver report for Managers
Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
DISC definitions
Dominance (Power)
Driving
Competitive
Forceful, Direct
Inquisitive
Self-starter
Assertive
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Influence (People)
Influential
Persuasive
Friendly
Verbal
Communicative
Positive
Steadiness (Pace)
Dependable
Deliberate
Amiable
Persistent
Good listener
Kind
Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
Compliance (Policies)
Compliant
Careful
Systematic, Logical
Precise
Accurate
Perfectionist
Client led research
•
Paula’s original research was with 30 drivers. Using the
Thomas profile we identified those whom we would label
as high risk, and those we would label low risk.
•
The 10 lowest drivers had a ZERO score for driver risk
points, allocated for tachograph infringements, driving
offences and collisions.
•
The 10 high risk drivers, as identified by Thomas had
significant risk points.
•
Unsurprisingly, they wanted a larger study
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Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
Skills training
That same company identified that pursuing
driver skill training was not having a major
impact on crash statistics
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Young, new drivers are responsible for a
significantly disproportionate number of
crashes and they are newly trained.
So technical driving skills are not the
determinant factor
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Something else then…
Must be found to reduce crashes
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Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
Independent Review
26,000 drivers - PPA results vs Crash History
Behavioural Assessment
Insurance Claim Comparisons
Aggressive
Impulsive
+ 20%
Irresponsible
Reliable
-10%
Structured
-13%
Will Murray – Napier University
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Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
BOC Case Study
104 Drivers Assessed
Designated Risk Rating
Percentage
Low
33
Medium
54
Medium to High
10
High
3
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Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
• All high risk and NONE of the low risk
drivers had been involved in avoidable
crashes.
• 12% of medium risk drivers had been
involved in avoidable crashes.
• 20% of medium to high risk drivers had
been involved in avoidable crashes.
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Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
Paul Styler, Regional Business Manager,
BOC Sureflow
“Road safety is paramount when a company has a fleet of
large delivery vehicles. The Sales Service People are in
charge of seven and a half ton trucks carrying a potentially
dangerous load. Training plays a vital part in educating
our people but it is only part of the story. We wanted to be
able to understand why some people were more likely to
have accidents than others. If we could understand this
we would be able to train them more effectively.”
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Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
Guy Gibson, Training Manager
Trent Barton Buses – UK independent bus operator
“Great customer service is the key to retaining passengers
and the people we rely on for this is our drivers. The
Thomas system means we are able to recruit drivers who
deliver on our company’s values. It’s not enough to simply
have a brand, quality of service is crucial to business
success. It is much easier to train someone to be a bus
driver than it is to train them to be nice. By identifying
people from the outset with these characteristics we are
then able to focus on the skills we can change, such as
their driving ability.”
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Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
The Objectives
1. Identify high risk drivers
2. Develop self-awareness of their behaviours
3. Apply principles of adult learning – I recognise
the risk therefore I can change my behaviour
4. Record and monitor the data – to reinforce the
good behaviour
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Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
Driver Behaviour Workshop
•
•
•
Classroom based one day workshop
•
•
Identifies personal high risk behavioural traits and trigger factors
•
Enables delegates to modify how they think, feel and react to achieve safer
driving behaviour
•
Delegates commit to a personal action plan to develop and use the knowledge
gained to become safer drivers
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Up to 20 delegates
Demonstrates the relationship between attitude, perception and behavioural
traits and how they affect driver behaviour
Enables delegates to rationalise what their thoughts, emotions, physical
responses and actions are in driving situations that could lead to high risk
behaviour
Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
The Method
1. Behavioural assessment
2. Attitude based training intervention
3. Evaluation
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Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
“It is much easier to train someone
to be a bus driver than it is to train
them to be nice”
Guy Gibson, Training Manager
Trent Barton Buses
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Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
Thank you for your time!
Any Questions?
tony.kaye@thomasinternational.net
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Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
Company Car Drivers
•
•
Are twice as likely to have a collision as the general driving population
Are most likely to:
-
•
•
Speed
Tailgate
Use alcohol & drive
Show aggression
Take risks
Lose concentration
Hold their mobile phone whilst driving
Have the worst lane discipline
Commit more traffic offences
BUT – Consistently rate themselves as more skilful than other drivers
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74 Truck drivers
66% of those involved in crashes,
identified as medium or high risk
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Copyright © 2008, 2009 Thomas International Ltd
Accident Rates
Human factors contributes to 95% of all road crashes
6%
5%
24%
Human Alone
Human & Road
Human & Vehicle
Other Causes
65%
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