Automatic Dependent
Surveillance – Broadcast
(ADS-B) Overview
Federal Aviation
Administration
By: Robert Nichols
Date: August 8, 2008

• NextGen
• Overview
• Dual Track Strategy
• Essential Services
• Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM)
Status
• Next Steps
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
Federal Aviation
Administration
2

NextGen Transformational Program Integration
ADS-B
Trajectory Based
Operations
High Density Arr/Dep
Terminals and Airports
Flexible Terminals and Airports
Ai r Tr a f f i c
O p e r a t i o n s
Collaborative
ATM
Reduce Weather Impacts
X
X
X
X
X
Safety, Security and
Environment
Transform
Facilities
X
Ai r c r a f t & O p e r a t o r
R e q u i r e m e n t s
X
Ai r p o r t
D e v e l o p m e n t
X
NNEW = NextGen Network Enabled Weather; NVS = NAS Voice Switch
SWIM DATA COMM NNEW
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
NVS
X
X
X
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
Federal Aviation
Administration
3

Overview: Automatic Dependent Surveillance -
Broadcast (ADS-B)
• A utomatic
– Periodically transmits information with no pilot or operator input required
• D ependent
– Position and velocity vector are derived from the Global Positioning System (GPS)
• S urveillance -
– A method of determining position of aircraft, vehicles, or other asset
• B roadcast
– Transmitted information available to anyone with the appropriate receiving equipment
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
Federal Aviation
Administration
4

Overview: Traffic Information Service - Broadcast / Flight
Information Service - Broadcast
TIS-B is a service which provides
ADS-B equipped aircraft with position reports from secondary surveillance radar on non-ADS-B equipped aircraft.
FIS-B transmits graphical
National Weather Service products, temporary flight restrictions (TFRs), and special use airspace.
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
Federal Aviation
Administration
5

Overview: Initial ADS-B Services and
Applications
Services:
Surveillance Broadcast Services (En Route, Terminal, Surface)
Traffic / Flight Information Broadcast Services
Applications:
Enhanced Visual Acquisition
Enhanced Visual Approaches
Final Approach and Runway Occupancy Awareness
Airport Surface Situational Awareness
Conflict Detection
Merging and Spacing
Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) Assisted Visual
Separation (CAVS)
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
Federal Aviation
Administration
6

ADS-B Out: ATC Separation Services - Current
Conditions (High)
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
Federal Aviation
Administration
7

ADS-B Out: ATC Separation Services - ADS-B Enabled
(High)
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
Federal Aviation
Administration
8

ADS-B In: Program Baseline - Enhanced Visual
Acquisition
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
Federal Aviation
Administration
9

ADS-B In: Program Baseline - Enhanced Visual
Approaches
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
Federal Aviation
Administration
10

ADS-B In: Program Baseline - Final Approach and Runway Occupancy
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
Federal Aviation
Administration
11

ADS-B In: Program Baseline - Airport Surface
Situational Awareness
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
Federal Aviation
Administration
12

ADS-B In: Program Baseline - Conflict Detection
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
Federal Aviation
Administration
13

ADS-B In: Program Baseline - Merging and
Spacing
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
Federal Aviation
Administration
14

ADS-B In: Program Baseline - Cockpit Display of Traffic
Information (CDTI) Assisted Visual Separation (CAVS)
Night w/ background lights
Glare
Scattered clouds
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
Federal Aviation
Administration
15

Dual Track Strategy
Ground Infrastructure
2/2006 – 11/2006 11/2006 – 8/2007
Acquisition
Planning
Avionics Equipage
Acquisition
Execution
2/2008 – 1/2009
Deploy
Ground
Infrastructure
Essential
Services ISD
11/2008
Pre-NPRM
Separation
Standards
Modeling
1/2007 – 8/2007
4/2008 – 3/2010
Test Ground
Infrastructure /
Voluntary
Avionics
Equipage
10/2009 – 4/2010
Initial
Operating
Capability
Separation
Standards
Approval
4/2010
9/2010
Critical
Services
ISD
2010 – 2013
Ground
Infrastructure
Deployment
Avionics
Equipage
2010 – 2020
RPR
Phase I
RPR
Phase 2
NPRM
RPR
Phase 3
Final Rule
Avionics
Equipage
Begins
4/2006 – 9/2006
= Completed = In Process
10/2007 3/2008 – 2/2009 4/2010 5/2010
RPR = Rulemaking Project Record; NPRM = Notice of Proposed Rulemaking; ISD = In-Service Decision
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
Federal Aviation
Administration
16

Ground Infrastructure: 794 Ground Station Solution
Provides National Coverage
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
Federal Aviation
Administration
17

SV-168 UAT – Overview (TIS-B and FIS-B)
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
SV-168 1090ES – Overview (TIS-B)
Federal Aviation
Administration
18

Essential Services: Miami Scheduled Site
Readiness Dates
ZJX
(On Air)
SV168-08 Lakeland Linder Regional Airport
7460 Approved
Permit ready 7/29. Construction expected to start week of 8/3 (Pending airport approval)
SV168-09 Hardee On Air
SV168-07 Okeechobee On Air
SV168-03 Dade-Collier Training and Transition Airport
7460 Approved
COW Operational on 7/30
SV168-01 Key West (Beach TV) On Air
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
SV168-11 St Cloud (Univision) On Air
SV168-10 Sebastian Municipal Airport On Air
SV168-05 Hobe Sound On Air
SV168-06 Boca Raton Airport
7460 Approved
Construction to start 7/30
ZMA & MIA
(On Air)
SV168-04 Homestead (Dade Marina) On Air
SV168-02 Florida Keys Marathon Airport
7460 Approved. NOTAM required prior to start
COW Ready on Site
NOTAM expected issuance on 7/30
Operational 8/1 if the NOTAM is issued
Federal Aviation
Administration
19

Surveillance and Broadcast Services
For Official Use Only
Federal Aviation
Administration
20

SV168-01 Key West (Beach TV) Radio Cabinet on Platform
Note: The Key West site is in a flood plain, so a raised structure was required
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
For Official Use Only
SV168-01 Key West (Beach TV) Radio
Cabinet Installed on Platform
SV168-01 Key West (Beach TV) Antenna
Array
Federal Aviation
Administration
21

Essential Services: Cell on Wheels Sites
SV168-03 (Dade-Collier T&T Airport) Cell on Wheels in Place
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
For Official Use Only
Federal Aviation
Administration
22

Essential Services: Cell on Wheels Sites
SV168-02 (Marathon Airport) Cell on Wheels in Place
(not extended, required NOTAM in work)
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
For Official Use Only
Federal Aviation
Administration
23

Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM)
Summary
• All aircraft operating in the following airspace would have to meet the proposed performance requirements for ADS-B Out:
– Class A, B and C airspace
– All airspace at and above 10,000 feet MSL over the 48 contiguous United States and the District of Columbia
– Within 30 nautical miles of airports listed in 41 CFR Part 91,
Appendix D, from the surface up to 10,000 feet MSL
– Class E airspace over the Gulf of Mexico from the coastline of the United States out to 12 nautical miles, at and above 3,000 feet MSL
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
For Official Use Only
Federal Aviation
Administration
24

Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) Status
• The Aviation Rulemaking Committee (ARC) Was Chartered in July
2007
– As an initial tasking before the publication of the NPRM, the ARC would serve as a platform for the development of a report on how operational benefits of
ADS-B could be optimized before compliance with a nationwide ADS-B mandate. This report was delivered to the FAA in October 2007.
– Once the NPRM has been published and reviewed by the ARC, the ARC would make specific recommendations to the FAA about any changes that should be made to the proposed language in the NPRM. The ARC is scheduled to provide NPRM recommendations to the FAA in September 2008.
• The NPRM comment period closed on March 3, 2008
• The FAA has categorized the comments that were received
– Number of Submittals (excluding FAA / DOT) = 172
• Excludes duplicates, Department of Transportation and requests for extension
– Number of Comments = 1,372 (101 positive, 1,271 non-positive)
– Number of Issues = 85
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
For Official Use Only
Federal Aviation
Administration
25

Organization
Air Transport Association (ATA)
Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA)
Airbus
Air Line Pilots Association (ALPA)
Alaska Airlines
Aviation Communication and Surveillance Systems,
LLC (ACSS)
The Boeing Company
Cessna Aircraft Company
Department of Defense (DoD)
Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO)
Federal Express
Garmin
General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA)
Organization
International Air Transport Association (IATA)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
MITRE / CAASD
National Air Traffic Controllers Association (NATCA)
National Business Aviation Association (NBAA)
Regional Airline Association (RAA)
Rockwell Collins
Southwest Airlines
United Airlines
UPS
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
For Official Use Only
Federal Aviation
Administration
26

Milestone
FY2009
In Service Decision for Broadcast Services
Gulf of Mexico Weather Service Acceptance Test (SAT)
Louisville Service Acceptance Test (SAT)
Gulf of Mexico Service Acceptance Test (SAT)
Philadelphia Service Acceptance Test (SAT)
Gulf of Mexico Comm. and Weather Initial Operating Capability (IOC)
FY2010
Juneau Service Acceptance Test (SAT)
Louisville IOC of Surveillance Services
Gulf of Mexico IOC of Surveillance Services
Philadelphia IOC of Surveillance Services
Final Rule Published
Juneau IOC of Surveillance Services
Surveillance Services ISD for ADS-B
Planned Date of Completion / Status
November 2008
March 2009
April 2009
June 2009
August 2009
September 2009
October 2009
October 2009
December 2009
February 2010
April 2010
April 2010
September 2010
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
For Official Use Only
Federal Aviation
Administration
27

Backup
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
For Official Use Only
Federal Aviation
Administration
28

Significant Comment Summary
Insufficient
Benefits to
Operators
Significant Comments
ATC surveillance should be offered in expanded airspace i.e., to lower altitudes (AOPA)
ATC surveillance should support closer separation than radar (ATA)
FAA should provide financial incentives (ATA, Boeing, Airbus, AOPA)
FAA should define ADS-B In applications that provide direct benefits to operators (ATA, Boeing, Airbus)
Disagree with
Required
Performance and Schedule
Equipment
Strategy
FAA should require lower performance requirements, and accelerate implementation. Requirements should be based on Australia/Canada/European non-radar airspace application, which would accommodate many current aircraft (ATA, Boeing, Airbus)
FAA should defer any rule supporting ADS-B In applications until requirements for additional applications are more mature (ATA, Boeing, Airbus)
FAA should require ADS-B In, particularly for surface safety applications, and accelerate implementation (ALPA, NTSB)
FAA should specify requirements based on airspace, rather than one-size-fits-all. i.e., reduced requirements in non-radar airspace, airborne vs surface. (AOPA, ATA, Boeing, Airbus)
Dual-link architecture limits a complete traffic picture to within coverage of ground systems, raising safety, international compatibility concerns and some question whether the architecture can be extended to NextGen applications. Support single-link, 1090 (Boeing, ATA, Airbus)
FAA needs to reconsider the transponder requirement and back-up surveillance strategy. Support single-link for general aviation: On UAT, would affect TCAS and radar (AOPA)
Reconsider WAAS as only the currently-available service supporting the rule: improve GPS constellation so that it is adequate (ATA)
Source: Bruce DeCleene Summary Memo, March 25, 2008
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
For Official Use Only
Federal Aviation
Administration
29

Significant Comment Summary
National
Security
Regulatory
Strategy
Regulatory
Evaluation
Significant Comments
DoD requires that certain traffic cannot broadcast ADS-B (e.g., VIP traffic): need to define provisions for accommodation (DoD)
Need to coordinate security vulnerability issues of civil traffic with DoD and DHS (DoD)
Place aircraft-related requirements in airworthiness rules to streamline adoption (ATA)
Add a forward-fit requirement to promote early equipage (GAMA)
Costs are underestimated (ATA, Boeing)
Source: Bruce DeCleene Summary Memo, March 25, 2008
Surveillance and Broadcast Services
For Official Use Only
Federal Aviation
Administration
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