USE OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
An abbreviation is a form of a word, phrase etc., that is shorter than the full form.
3G
Third Generation
AAA
Asian Athletics Association
AAFI
The Amateur Athletics Federation of India
AC
Conditioner
Ante Christum (Before Christ), Ashok Chakra, Air
ADB
Asian Development Bank
AFI
Athletics Federation of India
AFMC
Armed Forces Medical College
AI
Artifical Intelligence, Air India
AICTE
All India Council for Technical Education
AIFF
All India Football Federation
AITUC
All India Trade Union Congress
AM
Ante Meridiem (before Noon), Amplitude Modulation
APEC
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASLV
Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle
AT&T
American Telegraphic and Telephone Co. Ltd.
ATC
Air Traffic Control
ATM
Automated Teller Machine
AVSM
Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
B2B
Busines to Business
B2C
Business to Consumer
BARC
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
BBC
British Broadcasting Corporation
BBS
Bulletin Board Service
BC
Before Christ
BIOS
Basic Input Output System
BPL
Below Poverty Line
BPO
Business Process Outsourcing
BPR
Business Process Re-engineering
bps
bytes per second
BSE
Bombay Stock Exchange
BSF
Border Security Force
BSNL
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
C2C
Consumer to Consumer
CA
Chartered Accountant
CBI
Central Bureau of Investigation
CBSE
Central Board of Secondary Education
CDAC
Centre for the Development of Advanced Computing
CDMA
Code Division Multiple Access
CEO
Chief Executive Officer
CFSL
Central Forensic Science Laboratory
CGI
Common Gateway Interface
CIA
Central Intelligence Agency
CID
Criminal Investigation Department
CISC
Complex instruction-set computing
CITU
Centre of Indian Trade Unions
CNN
Cable News Network
CPI(M)
Communist Party of India / Marxist
CPWD
Central Public Works Department
CRIS
Centre for Railway Information System
CSIR
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
CTBT
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
CYMK
Cyan, Yellow, Magenta, Kinda
D.Litt.
Doctor of Literature
D.Phil.
Doctor of Philosophy
D.Sc
Doctor of Science
DC
Direct Current
DIG
Deputy Inspector General
DMA
Direct Memory Access
DMK
Dravida Munetra Kazhagam
DNA
Deoxyribo-nucleic Acid
DTP
Desktop Publishing
DVC
Damodar Valley Corporation
DVD
Digital Versatile/Video Disc
E & OE
Errors and Omissions Excepted
EDI
Electronic Data Interchange
EIS
Executive Information System
E-MAIL
Electronic Mailing
EMI
Equated Monthly Instalments
ENIAC
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator
ENT
Ear, Nose and Throat
EOF
end of file
EOT
Eastern Daylight Time
EPABX
Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange
ERNET
Educational and Research Network
FAQ
Frequently Asked Question
FBI
Federal Bureau of Investigation
FBT
Fringe Benefit Tax
FBTR
Fast Breeder Test Reactor
FBW
Fly-By-Wire
FCI
Food Corporation of India; Fertilizer Corporation of India
FDI
Foreign Direct Investment
FICCI
Industry
Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and
FIFA
Football
International Football Federation (Federation Internationale de
FIR
First Information Report
FM
Frequency modulation
FRCP
Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians
FRCS
Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons
FRCS
Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society
FRS
Fellow of the Royal Society
G7
Russia
Group of Seven (US, UK, Germany, France, Italy, Japan and Canada) G8 includes G7 plus
GATS
General Agreement on Trade and Services
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
GMAT
Graduate Management Admission Test
GMT
Greenwich Mean Time
GSLV
Geo-Synchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
GSM
Global System for Mobile Communications
GSP
Generalised System Preference
GUI
Graphical User Interface
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HMI
Himalayan Mountaineering Institute
HTML
Hyper Text Markup Language
HUDCO
Housing and Urban Development Corp.
HVAC
Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning
i.e. id
est (that is)
IAAI
International Airport Authority of India
IAEA
International Atomic Energy Agency
IARI
Indian Agricultural Research Institute
IAS
Indian Administrative Service
IATA
International Air Transport Association
IBM
International Business Machines
ICSE
Indian Certificate of Secondary Education
ICU
Intensive Care Unit
ICWA
Indian Council of World Affairs
IDA
International Development Agency
IDBI
Industrial Development Bank of India
IEEE
Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers
IELTS
International English Language Testing System
IFC
Industrial Finance Corporation, International Finance Corporation
IFS
Indian Foreign Service; Indian Forest Service
IGNOU
Indira Gandhi National Open University
IIPA
Indian Institute of Public Administration
IISCO
Indian Iron and Steel Company
IISS
International Institute of Strategic Studies
IIT
Indian Institute of Technology
ILA
Indian Library Association
ILO
International Labour Organisation
IMAP
Internet Mail Access Protocol
IMF
Monetary Fund
INA
Indian National Army
INTUC
Indian National Trade Union Congress
IOC
Indian Oil Corporation
IP
Internet Protocol
IPC
Indian Penal Code
IPCL
Indian Petro-Chemicals Corporation Ltd
PART-B
INTERPRETING VISUAL MATRIALS (LINE GRAPHS, PIE CHARTS)
Pie Chart
Exercise: 1. Imagine you just did a survey of your friends to find which kind of movie they liked
best.Transcode this pie chart into paragraph
2. This pie chart shows the results of a survey that was carried out to find out how students travel to
school. Summarize the datas into paragraph.
Car: 30
Bus: 40
Cycle: 15
Taxi: 5
Walk: 10
3. The line graph shows thefts per thousand vehicles in four European countries between 1990 and 1999.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant. Write at least 150 words.
4. This line graph shows the midday temperature over a period of 7 days. Transcode the Line Graph into
paragraph.
ESSAY WRITING
I. Write essays on the following topics in not more than 300 words:
1. Renewable sources of energy and their uses.
2. Describe the role of engineers in developing a country.
3. Suggest ways for the effective use of mass media.
4. Benefits and defects of advanced technology.
5. Explain the methods by which energy can be saved.
6. Suggest methods by which pollution can be controlled.
7. Solar power as a new source of energy.
8. India’s progress in Science and Technology.
9. Terrorism – a global threat.
10. Newspapers – their good and evil effects.