Learning Styles
Learning style

a consistent pattern of behaviour within a range of individual variability
(Cornet, 1983);

a student's consistent way of responding to and using stimuli in a learning
environment (Claxton & Ralston, 1978);

how individuals process information and prefer to learn (Garity, 1985);

the way individuals organise information and experiences (Laschinger &
Boss, 1984);

a person's characteristic style of acquiring and using information (Haynsake,
1981) and;

an expression of psychological differentiation within characteristic modes of
information processing (Witkin & Goodenough, 1971, 1981).
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A bit like
Harry Potter’s
Sorting Hat...
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"You might belong in Gryffindor,
Where dwell the brave at heart,
Their daring, nerve, and chivalry
Set Gryffindors apart”
5
"Here in wise old Ravenclaw,
If you've a ready mind,
Those of wit and learning,
Will always find their kind."
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"Here you are in Slytherin,
Where you'll make your real friends,
Those cunning folk use any means
To achieve their ends."
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"You belong in Hufflepuff,
Where they are just and loyal,
Those patient Hufflepuffs are true
And unafraid to toil"
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"You might belong in Gryffindor,
Where dwell the brave at heart,
There daring, nerve, and chivalry
Set Gryffindors apart”
"You belong in Hufflepuff,
Where they are just and loyal,
Those patient Hufflepuffs are true
And unafraid to toil"
"Here in wise old Ravenclaw,
If you've a ready mind,
Those of wit and learning,
Will always find their kind."
"Here you are in Slytherin,
Where you'll make your real friends,
Those cunning folk use any means
To achieve their ends."
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Learning Styles Models
Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator
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History of Learning
Styles
Carl Jung

Carl Gustav Jung (1875 – 1961) was a Swiss
psychiatrist, an influential thinker and the
founder of analytical psychology (also known
as Jungian psychology).

Two processes that are important in learning

how we take in information

what we do with the information once it is
in our brains

He called the first PERCEPTION and the
second JUDGEMENT
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Carl Jung: Perception

Two types of perceivers

those who can only process on sense at a time, i.e. they can look but
can’t listen

And those can taken in all senses simultaneously and bring all the
sense data together to make a holistic overview

He called the first type of person a SENSOR and the second an INTUITOR
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Carl Jung: Judgment


Two types of judgers

those who can make decisions based on their heart

And those make decisions based on their head
He called the first type of person a FEELER and the second an THINKER
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Carl Jung’s Model of Learning
Styles
Sensing
Perception
Thinking
Feeling
Judgement
Intuiting
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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
(MBTI)

Designed to measure psychological preferences in how people
perceive the world and make decisions.

These preferences were based on Carl Jung’s ideas

The original developers of the personality inventory were Katharine
Cook Briggs and her daughter, Isabel Briggs Myers.

Began creating the indicator during World War II, believing that a
knowledge of personality preferences would help women who were
entering the industrial workforce for the first time identify the sort of
war-time jobs where they would be "most comfortable and effective.
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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
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Wants to talk through their
ideas in order to clarify
them.
LEARNS BY
TEACHING OTHERS
Gathers information from
numerous sources. Likes to
reflect and clarify before
speaking
CONCERNED WITH
THEIR OWN
UNDERSTANDING
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Interested in the patterns
and relationships between
the facts, discovery
learning, they try to
develop new original
solutions
LIKE SIMULATIONS
OR EXPERIMENTS
Focus on facts and details.
Like structured lectures,
guidelines and objectives.
Tend to apply standard
solutions
CONCERNED WITH
WHAT MUST BE
KNOWN
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Subjective in their decision
making and consider how
their decisions affect
others, like small group
exercises
OPEN-ENDED
CONSTRUCTIVISTIC
FORMATS
Reply on analysis, logic
and existing principles.
Like tests to measure
progress.
ANALYSE CASE
STUDIES
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Prefer flexibility and
adaptability, often postpone
doing work until the very
last minute
SEEK INFORMATION
UNTIL THE DEADLINE
(AND OFTEN BEYOND)
Prefer structure and
organisation, appreciate
any resources that can help
them plan their work
DEADLINES ARE
SACRED
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Other Learning Styles Models
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Keirsey Temperament Sorter
Guardians
Idealists
Artisans
Rationals
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Keirsey Temperament Sorter

Guardians are sensible, down-to-earth people who are the backbone
of institutions and the true stabilisers of society.

Idealists believe that friendly co-operation is the best way for people to
achieve their goals. They dream of removing the walls of conflict and
selfishness that divide people

Whatever their field, Rationals set out to comprehend the natural world
in all its complexity.

Artisans are most at home in the external world of solid objects that
can be made and manipulated, and of real-life events that can be
experienced in the here and now.
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Relationship between Keirsey
Temperament Sorter and MBTI
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Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory
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Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory

Theorists: Like case studies, theory readings, and thinking alone. Their
strengths lie in their ability to create theoretical models.

Pragmatists: peer feedback; activities that apply skills; self-directed
autonomous learner. The pragmatist's greatest strength is in the
practical application of idea.

Activists: like practising the skill, problem solving, small group
discussions, peer feedback; trainer should be a model of a
professional, leaving the learner to determine her own criteria for
relevance of materials.

Reflectors: like lectures with plenty of reflection time; trainer should
provide expert interpretation - taskmaster/guide; judge performance by
external criteria. Their strengths lie in an imaginative ability.
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Hermann Brain Dominance
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Lewin’s Learning Cycle
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Honey-Mumford Model
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Gregorc Learning Style
Abstract
Sequential
Abstract
Concrete
Random
Random
Concrete
Sequential
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Try out the Gregorc
Inventory...