Review PP #1
• SOL objectives
– Standard 2
• The student will demonstrate knowledge of early
development of humankind from the Paleolithic Era
to the agricultural revolution
– Standard 3
• The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient
river valley civilizations, including Mesopotamia,
Egypt, Indus River Valley, China and the
civilizations of the Hebrew, Phoenicians, and
Nubians
Standard 2:
The student will demonstrate knowledge of early development of humankind
from the Paleolithic Era to the agricultural revolution
a. Explaining the impact of
early hunter-gather societies
was shaped by their physical
environment
• Originated in east Africa
100,000-400,000 years ago
• Homo sapiens migrated from
Africa to Eurasia, Australia,
and the Americas
• Early humans were hunters
and gatherers whose survival
depended on the availability of
wild plants an animals
b. Listing characteristics of
hunter-gatherer societies,
including use of tools and fire
• During Paloelithic Era
(Old Stone Age)
– Were nomadic
• Migrated in search of
good, water, shelter
– Invented first tools
• Included simple weapons
– Learned how to make and
use fire
– Lived in clans
– Developed oral language
– Created “cave art”
Review Questions!
• 1. On what continent did the first forms of man
evolve?
• 2. What shaped how early human societies lived
their lives?
• 3. Name two characteristics of hunter-gather
societies.
• 4. What is the name for the “Old Stone Age”
Standard 2:
The student will demonstrate knowledge of early development of humankind
from the Paleolithic Era to the agricultural revolution
c. Describing technological and
social advancements that gave
rise to stable communities
• Neolithic Era (New Stone
Age)
– Developed agriculture
– Domesticated plants and
animals
– Used advanced tools
– Made pottery
– Developed weaving skills
Consequences of
Neolithic revolution
1. Larger groups of people could
live together
2. Agriculture produced a surplus
of food
3. Specialization of labor
Review Questions
• 1. Name 3 things that developed during
the New Stone Age.
• 2. What is another name for the New
Stone Age?
• 3. What effect did agriculture have on
early man?
Standard 2:
The student will demonstrate knowledge of early development of humankind
from the Paleolithic Era to the agricultural revolution
d. Explaining how archeological
discoveries are changing presentday knowledge of early peoples
•
•
•
Archeologists study past cultures
by locating and analyzing human
remains, settlements, fossils, and
artifacts
Use scientific tests such as carbon
dating to analyze fossils and
artifacts
Stonehenge is an example of an
archeological site in England that
was begun during the Neolithic
era and completed during the
Bronze Age
•
Aleppo and Jericho are examples
of early cities in the Fertile
Crescent studied by Archeologists
•
Catal Hoyuk is an example of a
Neolithic settlement currently
under excavation in Anatolia
Stonehenge
Review Questions!
• 1. What does Carbon dating do?
• 2. What is an artifact?
• 3. Who studies past cultures by locating
and analyzing human remains, fossils, and
artifacts?
Standard 3:
The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient river valley civilizations,
including Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus River Valley, China and the civilizations of
the Hebrew, Phoenicians, and Nubians
a. Locating these civilizations in
time and place
• River Valley Civilizations (3500 to
500 B.C.E.)
– Mesopotamian
• Tigris, Euphrates River (SW Asia)
– Egyptian
• Nile River Valley and Delta (Africa)
– Indian
• Indus River (South Asia)
– Chinese
• Huang He Valley (East Asia)
• Other Civilizations (2000 to
500 B.C.E.)
– Hebrews
• Settled between
Mediterranean Sea and
Jordan River Valley (Fertile
Crescent, SW Asia)
– Phoenicians
• Settled along Mediterranean
coast (Fertile Crescent, SW
Asia)
– Nubia
• Offered rich soils and irrigation
waters for agriculture
– Tended to be easily protected from
invasion by nomadic peoples
• Upper Nile River (Africa)
Early River Valley Civs
Review Questions!
• 1. When did the first river civilizations appear?
• 2. Egypt is located next to what river?
• 3. What area is located between the Tigris and
Euphrates River?
• 4. What groups raided river valley civilizations?
• 5. Who settled along the Eastern Mediterranean
coast?
Standard 3:
The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient river valley civilizations,
including Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus River Valley, China and the civilizations of
the Hebrew, Phoenicians, and Nubians
b. Describing the development of
social, political, and economic
problems, including slavery
• Development of Social Patterns
– Hereditary rulers
•
Dynasties of kings, pharaohs
– Rigid class system
• Development of Economic
patterns
– Metal tools and weapons
•
Bronze, Iron
– Increasing agriculture surplus
• Development of Political Patterns
– World’s 1st states
•
City-states, kingdoms, empires
– Centralized government
•
Often based on religious authority
– Written law codes
•
•
Ten Commandments (Hebrews)
Code of Hammurabi (Babylon)
•
Better tools, plows, irrigation
– Increasing trade along rivers and
by sea
•
Phoenicians
– Development of world’s first cities
– Development of the practice of
slavery
Review Questions
• 1. Who ruled Egypt?
• 5. What was the first empire?
• 2. Most river civilizations had
a rigid class system. True or
False?
• 6. What political system is
characterized by a city and
surrounding lands?
• 3. Most early civilizations had
a government based on
what?
• 7. What were two metals
used to make tools and
weapons
• 4. Name the two written law
codes of the Fertile
Crescent.
Standard 3:
The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient river valley civilizations,
including Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus River Valley, China and the civilizations of
the Hebrew, Phoenicians, and Nubians
c. Explaining the development of
religious traditions
d. Describing the origins, beliefs,
traditions, customs, and spread of
Judaism
– Polytheism practiced by most early
civilizations
– Monotheism practiced by the Hebrews
• Origins of Judaism
– Abraham, Moses
– Jerusalem
• Beliefs, Traditions, and
Customs
– Belief in one god (Monotheism)
– Torah
• Contains written records and
belief of Jews
– Ten Commandments
• Moral and religious conduc
• Spread of Judaism
– Exile, Diaspora
Review Questions!
• 1. What is the holy city of • 4. What is the belief in
the Hebrews?
one God called?
• 2. Who led the Jews out
of Egypt?
• 5. What is the religion of
the Hebrews?
• 3. What states the
proper moral and
religious conduct for
Hebrews?
• 6. The Hebrews were
captured and taken to
Babylon. What is this
called?
Standard 3:
The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient river valley civilizations,
including Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus River Valley, China and the civilizations of
the Hebrew, Phoenicians, and Nubians
e. Explaining the development
of language and writing
• Pictograms
– Earliest written symbols
• Hieroglyphics
– Egypt
• Cuneiform
– Sumer
• Alphabet
– Phonecians
Review Questions!
• 1. What civilization used Hieroglyphics?
• 2. What civilization used cuneiform?
Review Quiz Games!
• Prehistory- Hangman
• Early Civilizations- Rags to Riches
• SOL Test Questions # 1-19