Logical Calculations, Pivot
Tables & Charts
Supplemental Resources on Class Website
Concept Map
Business
Intelligence
Techniques
Design
OLAP &
Visualization
Accuracy &
Efficiency
Implementation
Excel
Features
Objectives
▪Define Business Intelligence, OLAP
& Visualization
▪Explain the Efficiency principle of
Spreadsheet Design
▪Demonstrate Excel features that help
produce business intelligence
Pandora Internet Radio
▪ Recommender
Software
Music Genome Project
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Arrangement
Beat
Harmony
Lyrics
Melody
Rhythm
Tempo
Voice
Business Intelligence (BI)
▪software that searches vast amounts
of data to derive information for
improved decision making
Logical Calculations
▪IF
▪VLOOKUP
IF Function
▪ IF function displays one of two possible values
depending on the outcome of a logical test
▪ Logical Test compares two things
▪ If the Logical Test equates to TRUE, the cell is filled
with the True Value.
▪ If the Logical Test equates to FALSE, the cell is
filled with the False Value.
http://www.lacoste.pamplin.vt.edu/web1504/resources/video/ss.html
IF Function Example
▪ Use the IF function to assign the label of easy or hard
based on the hours. If a course requires more than 3
hours of study time per week, we will label it HARD.
Three or less hours of study is labeled EASY.
IF Function Example
▪What cell is used for the logical test?
▪What is the logical test?
▪What is the true value? False value?
3
VLOOKUP Function
▪ LOOKUP functions display one of MANY
possible values depending on the outcome
of a logical test.
▪ Often used to translate one value into
another value.
▪ Requires a lookup table.
▪ Lookup Value is compared to Lookup Table
▪ Can find Exact Match (false) or next closest
value (true)
http://www.lacoste.pamplin.vt.edu/web1504/resources/video/ss.html
Lookup Table Rules
▪First column must be used for logical
test.
▪First column must contain a value,
not a range of values.
▪First column should be in ascending
order.
Lookup Directory Example
▪Find the extension for a given name
in the directory.
Lookup Table for
Directory Example
Lookup Directory
Example Solution
1. F1 is compared to first column
of lookup table.
2. Extension from Column 2 is
displayed for match.
3. False means an exact match
must be found.
Spreadsheet Design: Efficiency
▪All calculations, including
comparisons, should be done by the
spreadsheet.
BI – Data Visualization
On-Line Analytical Processing
▪ Drill-Down
▪ Consolidation
▪ Slicing and Dicing
Drill Down
Slice and Dice
Pivot Table
▪Quickly summarize
all or part of data
Pivot Table
http://www.lacoste.pamplin.vt.edu/web1504/resources/video/ss.html
Full Customer List
Group Customers by Type
Group Customers by
Type & Standing
Show Only
Individuals
Pivot Chart
http://www.lacoste.pamplin.vt.edu/web1504/resources/video/ss.html
Visualization
▪Dashboard
▪Facebook Wolfram
http://www.teachthought.com/technology/5-free-data-visualizationtools-you-can-use-in-the-classroo/
Chart Types
LINE CHART
PIE CHART
Dept C
Dept B
Dept D
Dept A
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2008
BAR CHART
2009
2010
2011
COLUMN CHART
100
Dept A
80
Dept D
60
Dept B
40
Dept C
20
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
What’s Wrong with this Chart?
Astonishing QCA Rise
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Freshman
Sophomore
Junior
Senior
Real Trend
Real QCA Rise
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Freshman
Sophomore
Junior
Senior
What’s Wrong with this Chart?
Nothing but QCA Growth
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Spring 2010
Fall 2010
Spring 2011
Full Trend
Recovering QCA
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
What’s Wrong with this Chart?
Growing QCA
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Fall 2011
Spring 2011
Fall 2010
Spring 2010
Fall 2009
Spring 2009
Real Trend
Real Trend in QCA
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Spring 2009
Fall 2009
Spring 2010
Fall 2010
Spring 2011
Fall 2011
What’s Wrong with this Chart?
Gallons Consumed Per Semester
Seniors
Juniors
Sophomores
Freshmen
0
1
2
3
Gallons
4
Bars You Can Compare
Gallons Consumed Per Semester
Seniors
Juniors
Sophomores
Freshmen
0
1
2
3
Gallons
4
What’s Wrong with this Chart?
Composition of Total Points
Homeworks
8%
Projects
12%
Exams
80%
Maintain Proportions
Composition of Total Points
Homeworks
8%
Projects
12%
Exams
80%
What’s Wrong with this Chart?
Composition of Total Points
Midterm
Final
Project 1
Project 2
Project 3
1st Homework
2nd Homework
3rd Homework
4th Homework
5th Homework
Proportions You Can See
Composition of Total Points
Midterm
Final
Project 1
Project 2
Project 3
1st Homework
2nd Homework
3rd Homework
4th Homework
5th Homework
Charting Guidelines
▪Include entire scale
▪Include relevant data points
▪Put horizontal axis in chronological
order
▪Stack and scale pictograph images
▪Do not separate all pieces of pie chart
▪Arrange pie slices largest to smallest
starting at noon