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Chapter 6
Settling a New World
U.S. History Time Period Covered
1585-1682
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Standards covered or addressed
5.3 Students describe the cooperation and conflict that existed among
the American Indians and between the Indian nations and the new
settlers.
-Describe the competition among the English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and
Indian nations for control of North America.
-Describe the cooperation that existed between the colonists and Indians
during the 1600s and 1700s (e.g., in agriculture, the fur trade, military
alliances, treaties, cultural interchanges).
-Examine the conflicts before the Revolutionary War (e.g., the Pequot and
King Philip’s Wars in New England, the Powhatan Wars in Virginia, the French
and Indian War).
-Discuss the role of broken treaties and massacres and the factors that led to
the Indi ans’ defeat, including the resistance of Indian nations to
encroachments and assimila tion (e.g., the story of the Trail of Tears).
-Describe the internecine Indian conflicts, including the competing claims
for control of lands (e.g., actions of the Iroquois, Huron, Lakota [Sioux]).
-Explain the influence and achievements of significant leaders of the time
(e.g., John Marshall, Andrew Jackson, Chief Tecumseh, Chief Logan, Chief
John Ross, Sequoyah).
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1585-1682
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Spanish and French Colonization
Lesson 1
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+ Led a journey of hundreds of men,
women, and children north along the Rio
Grande. They traveled with about 83
creaking wagons and 10,000 animals.
The priests he traveled
with were counting the
Indian souls they would
save?
What does this mean?
+ They claimed the land near El Paso.
They raised a cross and claimed the
land for Spain. It would be called New
Mexico.
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Yes, the Spanish thought it was
their right to rule the land and all
of its native people.
Onate
was
helping
to
colonize
land
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for Spain. What does colonization
mean?
Wealthy
Spanish settlers were in
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charge of huge estates where they
forced Indians to work while they
searched for mines.
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Onate never found mines in New
Mexico, but he found many Indian
Pueblos that belonged to the Zumi
and Hopi Indians.
The
+ Indians lived in peace before
the Spanish settled
Lived in flatroofed houses
made of stone
and plastered
with dried mud
Tended crops of corn,
beans, and squash in
dry dessert climate
They grew cotton that they wove
into cloth.
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Indians believed in spirits that they
believed sent rain and good
harvest.
But the Spanish had many priests who set up
missions, churches, and schools to teach the
Indians about the Roman Catholic Faith
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Indians did all the work!
They even paid taxes.
What are taxes?
They paid in the form of cotton
shirts and wool blankets
Many Spanish grew rich off of selling these
products
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French Traders in Canada
While Spanish explored the
southern part of North America,
the French were exploring the
northern part of North America
+They hoped to find precious metals
but instead found other riches.
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John Cabot- 1497- He reported
seeing many fish. By the 1500’s
many fleets were harvesting these
fishing grounds. It was called the
“Grand Banks”
Many
+ French fished in the Grand Banks. They
would come ashore and the Indians wanted
their axes, knives, and other metal goods. They
offered beaver furs in exchange.
The Indians benefited from this exchange as
well.
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The Dutch and the English wanted
wanted a share of the fur trade.
The French realized they had to build settlements to claim the
land. Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec, and asked the
French to send farmers and families to build settlements. By
1660, 550 French lived in Quebec.
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English Settlement in the South
Lesson 2
Algonquin- Atlantic Coast- Lived in
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peace.
Settlers by the late 1580’s wanted to trade
with them to take their products back to
England for money
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England knew the Indians helped
Spain get rich from mining gold
and silver. They hoped for the
same.
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Richard Hakluyt was excited about
English colonies in North America.
He didn’t want France and Spain to
rule the land.
He wrote books asking
Protestant English settlers to
move to North America.
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Colonists didn’t want to claim land
for farming instead they just
wanted to set up trading posts.
Where Indians would bring items
and trade for European products.
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Walter Raleigh organized a group
to set up a colony in Roanoke.
They were unsuccessful so they
returned to England the following
year.
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John White returned with more than 100 colonists in 1587. They built houses
and traded with the Indians.
They ran out of supplies and had to go back to England for more.
War prevented them from returning right away.
When they did, the colony was gone. Nobody is sure why.
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With these previous failed
attempts, they English arrive in
Virginia. They named their new
settlement Jamestown.
Investors put forth the money hoping to make a profit later.
But many investors died
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They wanted to repeat the process
of the Spanish by getting gold and
silver.
Algonquin Indians did not have gold and
silver
Very few English to force Indians to work
Steal, buy, borrow from Indians only
+ George Calvert “aka” Lord Baltimore
Another colony more successful
than Jamestown
Was given land by King Charles I
from England
The settlers were Catholic and
wanted to leave because they
were treated cruelly
They planted gardens to grow
food
+England- St Lucia and Grenada- failedIndians kicked them out.
In 1627- English started a
colony on Barbados
Indians did not live here
Set up plantations for
growing sugar cane and
tobacco
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English Settlement in New England
Lesson 3
+Plymouth
To understand Plymouth, you need to
understand King Henry VIII.
He broke off from the Catholic Church and
started The Church of England
But everything remained the same as the
Catholic ceremonies
People disliked that
The bible was more important they argued.
+ They wanted to “purify” the church
Known as puritans
Some puritans formed separate
churches so they were known as
separatists.
Three separatists left England for the
Netherlands
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Because they did not speak Dutch,
they left the Netherlands.
They got permission to settle in
Virginia
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The Mayflower left England in
September of 1620.
It carried 100
workers and
pilgrims
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Due to strong winds they ended off
the coast of Cape Cod
Too tired and sick to travel farther
+Look for land closer
Not everyone was happy, so they signed the
Mayflower Compact
Everyone will agree
with the leaders’
decisions
They ended at
Plymouth
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Difficult Winter
Spring was better
The chief
allowed Squanto,
a Pawtuxet
Indian, to live
and help the
Pilgrims
Wampanoag chief,
Massasoit, visited the
Pilgrims
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Founding of Massachusetts Bay
Charles I became the king in 1625
Threatened to put all Puritans in prison
By 1630, many Puritans followed the
Arbella to New England carrying 700
men, women, and children
They built settlements in Boston a
and Cambridge
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English Settlement in the Middle
Colonies
Lesson 4
+ The Dutch formed a colony in New
Amsterdam (what is known as New York)
today. They were successful in business.
+ King Charles II of England noticed the
success and was eager to take the
harbor away from the Dutch
He wanted it for the English
In 1664, he ordered his brother the Duke
of York to take it over.
They eventually surrendered.
The new English governor, Richard
Nicolls, named it New York after his
brother
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The Quakers of Pennsylvania
• Taught all people were created equal
• All should be treated with love and respect
• God could be found in each person, therefore there
was no need for priests and services.
• Thought war was wrong
• Did not join the army or pay taxes
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William Penn- Best Known Quaker
King Charles II owed his
dad a large sum of money
and instead gave him
land in Pennsylvania
Since he had to leave
England for not attend
the Church of England
services, he went to the
start a colony for English
Quakers
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Relations with the Indians
Penn wanted to treat all Indians fairly by paying
them for their land.
He worked a treaty with them.
After his death, many colonists came in and did not
hold the same beliefs of treating the Indians fairly
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The End
All information is taken from the Houghton
Mifflin Social Studies America Will Be Textbook