PCI Bus Variants
PCI-X Bus
PCI Express Bus
Variants for Portable Computers
Variants for Industrial Systems
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Variants for Portable Computers
Mini PCI
PCMCIA Standards
CardBus
ExpressCard
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Specifications added to PCI version 2.2
Standard for peripherals of mobile devices:
modems, network cards, sound cards, disk
controllers, cryptographic accelerators
Defines an expansion card with small size
→ functionally equivalent to a common
PCI card
Uses a 32-bit, 33-MHz PCI bus
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Power connections: 3.3 V
Maximum power consumption of the
cards: 2 W
The additional CLKRUN# signal has been
included
Enables to start and stop the bus clock for
power management purposes
Form factors: Type I, Type II, Type III
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Type I: 70 x 45 mm, height of 5.5 or 7.5
mm
Stacking connector, 100 pins
Type II: 78 x 45 mm, height of 5.5 or 17.5
mm
Stacking connector, 100 pins
Have RJ11 or RJ45 connectors mounted
Type III: 60 x 50 mm, height of 2.4 mm
Edge connector, 124 pins
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Mini PCI Express (Mini PCIe)
Based on the PCIe bus (x1)
Reduced size: 30 x 51 mm
Half-length card: 30 x 27 mm
Edge connector, 52 pins
Connections for the SMBus and USB 2.0
buses, LEDs, SIM card (GSM applications)
Extension for another PCIe lane
Power connections: 1.5 V and 3.3 V
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Variants for Portable Computers
Mini PCI
PCMCIA Standards
CardBus
ExpressCard
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Several standards developed by PCMCIA
(Personal Computer Memory Card
International Association)
Compatible with standards developed by
JEITA (Japan Electronics and Information
Technology Industries Association)
The first standards: PCMCIA 1.0, 2.0, 2.1
The succeeding standards: PC Card 5.0, … ,
PC Card 8.0
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Initially, the standards have been
developed only for memories
Later on, the standards have been
extended for various peripherals
The expansion cards can be inserted and
removed during operation
The first cards: PC Card  no longer used
Interface based on the ISA bus (16 bits)
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Example applications
Memory card adapters (SD, MMC,
CompactFlash, MemoryStick, etc.)
Ethernet network adapters
Wireless network adapters
Digital cameras
GPS (Global Positioning System) cards
Security devices
Hard disk drives
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Variants for Portable Computers
Mini PCI
PCMCIA Standards
CardBus
ExpressCard
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Expansion cards introduced in version 5.0
of the PC Card standard
Based on the PCI bus
Functionally equivalent to a 32-bit PCI
system (33 MHz)
Improvements to PC Card:
The possibility of bus mastering  DMA
Lower voltage (3.3 V)
A new digital audio mode using pulse width
modulation (PWM)
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The software architecture is the same as
for PC Card
Socket Services
Card Services
CardBus cards must consume a limited
current until they are configured
Read the information from the CIS (Card
Information Structure)
Determine the voltage and electrical
protocol needed
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The possibility of multi-function cards (up
to 8 functions)
68-pin connector (2 x 34)
Card dimensions: 85.6 x 54 mm
Three card types, based on their thickness:
Type I: 3.3 mm  memories
Type II: 5 mm  various peripherals
Type III: 10.5 mm  hard drives
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Variants for Portable Computers
Mini PCI
PCMCIA Standards
CardBus
ExpressCard
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Replaced the CardBus cards
Higher performance
Smaller size
Lower costs
Uses the PCI Express or USB serial bus
Eliminates the CardBus controller
Direct connections to PCI Express or USB
ports of the computer
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ExpressCard modules
Length of 75 mm, thickness of 5 mm
ExpressCard/34: width of 34 mm
ExpressCard/54: width of 54 mm
For both module types, the same
connector is used  26 pins
Blade contacts located on the ExpressCard
module
Designed for high reliability and durability
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The interface
PCI Express: one lane (x1); 2.5 Gbits/s in both
directions
USB: the speeds defined by the USB 2.0
specification (1.5 Mbits/s; 12 Mbits/s; 480
Mbits/s)
A module may use one or both interfaces
Two signals for an SMBus (System
Management Bus) serial bus
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Other features
The possibility to insert and remove the
modules during operation (“hot plug”)
Uses the auto-detection and configuration
capabilities of PCI Express and USB buses
Modules can be placed in very low power
states  detect and respond to wakeup
requests
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PCI Bus Variants
PCI-X Bus
PCI Express Bus
Variants for Portable Computers
Variants for Industrial Systems
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Variants for Industrial Systems
PCI-104
PCI/104-Express and PCIe/104
PMC Mezzanine Card
XMC Mezzanine Card
CompactPCI
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Applications: military, telecommunications,
automation
Requirements: reliability, simple
maintenance
Desktop computers:
Expansion cards inserted in connectors with
blades
Active backplanes are used
In an industrial or military environment, the
backplane is exposed to mechanical stress
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High reliability:
Connectors with metallic pins and sockets
Front panels for fastening, guidance
Passive backplanes – only connectors
Simple maintenance:
Short time required for repairs – failures of
passive backplanes are rare
Simple board replacement
Commonly, the VME bus is used
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Variants for Industrial Systems
PCI-104
PCI/104-Express and PCIe/104
PMC Mezzanine Card
XMC Mezzanine Card
CompactPCI
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Standard developed by the PC/104
Consortium, www.pc104.org
Intended for systems operating in
industrial environments
Specifies a board with dimensions of 90 x
96 mm that uses the PCI bus
Based on the previous PC/104 and PC/104Plus standards
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PC/104
The ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) bus
has been used
PC/104-Plus
A connector for the PCI bus (32 bits, 33 MHz)
has been added
PCI-104 boards contain only the PCI
connector
Several PCI-104 boards can be stacked
together to build more complex systems
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A stack of boards must contain at least one
CPU board
The stack may contain PC/104, PC/104-Plus,
and PCI-104 boards
Maximum 4 peripheral boards  due to PCI
specifications
Peripheral PC/104-Plus and PCI-104 boards
must connect to the same side of the CPU
board
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Advantages:
Compact size
High-reliability connectors → metallic pins
and sockets
Applications:
Communication equipments
Medical instruments
Industrial control systems
Robotics
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Variants for Industrial Systems
PCI-104
PCI/104-Express and PCIe/104
PMC Mezzanine Card
XMC Mezzanine Card
CompactPCI
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PCI/104-Express and PCIe/104 (1)
Specifications developed by the PC/104
Consortium
PCI/104-Express
One PCIe bus (x16) and one PCI bus
PCIe/104
Does not contain the PCI bus
Two types for the PCIe/104 boards: Type 1
and Type 2
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PCI/104-Express and PCIe/104 (2)
Common features of Type 1 and Type 2
Four x1 PCIe links
Two USB 2.0 interfaces
Power signals: +3.3 V; +5 V; +12 V
SMBus
Type 1
One x16 PCIe link  may be configured as
two x8 PCIe links or two x4 PCIe links
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PCI/104-Express and PCIe/104 (3)
Type 2
Two x4 PCIe links
Two USB 3.0 interfaces
Two SATA (Serial ATA) interfaces
LPC (Low Pin Count) bus  connecting lowspeed peripherals to the CPU
Battery for a real-time clock (RTC)
PCIe x1, PCIe x4, or USB 2.0 peripheral
boards can plug into either CPU boards
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Variants for Industrial Systems
PCI-104
PCI/104-Express and PCIe/104
PMC Mezzanine Card
XMC Mezzanine Card
CompactPCI
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Placed in a plane parallel to the motherboard
Does not need an additional connector on the
motherboard
The aim:
Extending the functions of the motherboard
when there is not enough space
Extending a motherboard with specific I/O
functions
The Common Mezzanine Card (CMC) standard,
IEEE 1386
For the VME, Multibus II buses
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Includes the standard for the PCI Mezzanine
Card (PMC), IEEE 1386.1
PMC specifies a PCI card connected to a
CPU card (usually, VME)
A double PMC card or two single PMC cards
can be attached in parallel to a VME card
The PMC cards allow a configuration
requiring reduced space
The VME bus is not replaced
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PMC cards mounted on a VME64 card
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Mezzanine connectors
Up to four connectors on a PMC card
The most used: 64-pin connectors
P1 and P2: 32-bit PCI signals
P3: 64-bit PCI signals
P4 (optional): I/O signals
Kinds of PMC mezzanine cards
Processors; graphics cards; memory cards;
I/O interface cards
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PMC graphics card
© Concurrent Technologies Plc, Concurrent Technologies Inc.
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Variants for Industrial Systems
PCI-104
PCI/104-Express and PCIe/104
PMC Mezzanine Card
XMC Mezzanine Card
CompactPCI
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XMC Mezzanine Card (1)
Standard developed by VITA (VME
International Trade Association)
VITA 42.0 standard: base specification
The mezzanine PMC card is extended with
new connectors for serial interfaces
P11 .. P14: same connectors as the P1 .. P4
connectors of the PMC mezzanine card
P15, P16: high-density connectors (114 pins)
for serial interconnections
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XMC Mezzanine Card (2)
The P15, P16 connectors contain:
Pins for 10 differential signal pairs for each
direction
The P16 connector also contains userdefined I/O pins  various interfaces
The base specification does not indicate
protocols, signal types, voltage levels
VITA 42.3: PCI Express
VITA 42.4: HyperTransport
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Variants for Industrial Systems
Variants for Industrial Systems
PCI-104
PCI/104-Express and PCIe/104
PMC Mezzanine Card
XMC Mezzanine Card
CompactPCI
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Standard developed by the PICMG
group (PCI Industrial Computer
Manufacturers Group), www.picmg.org
Intended to replace the VME bus with the
PCI bus
Most of the industrial applications employed
the VME bus
The Eurocard form factor has been
combined with the PCI bus → open
industrial standard
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A 32-bit or a 64-bit PCI bus may be used
3U Eurocard boards:
One connector for the 32-bit PCI bus (J1)
An optional connector (J2) for the 64-bit PCI
bus or user-defined I/O pins
6U Eurocard boards:
J1 and J2 connectors
Up to three additional connectors for I/O
pins
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Up to 7 expansion boards may be
connected, without using a bridge
High-quality connectors: pins-and-sockets,
110 pins, 2 mm step
A large number of ground pins
The boards are typically interconnected via
a passive backplane
Retained on all sides
Oriented vertically
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Extensions of the CompactPCI standard
PICMG 2.1
Support for board insertion and removal
during operation (Hot Swap)
PICMG 2.5
Computer telephony applications
Auxiliary bus for TDM (Time Domain
Multiplex) data transfer
PICMG 2.16
Inter-module communication via Ethernet
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CompactPCI Express: uses one PCIe bus
CompactPCI Serial
Star topology: serial point-to-point
connections
One system board, up to 8 peripheral boards
New connectors for high data rates
PCIe bus: up to 16 lanes
Serial ATA (SATA) interface
USB interface: 2.0 or 3.0
Ethernet interface: 10 Gbits/s
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Advantages:
The same chips and software modules are
used as for the desktop PCI (PCIe) systems
The PCI (PCIe) chips have low cost
Applications:
Industrial automation
Real-time control and data acquisition
systems
Military systems
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Mini PCI and CardBus expansion cards use a
parallel PCI bus (32 bits)
Mini PCI Express cards have replaced the
parallel PCI bus with the serial PCI bus
Express Card has replaced CardBus
The cards may use the PCIe or USB bus
The boards for industrial systems must have
high reliability and must enable simple
maintenance
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The PCI-104 and PCIe/104 boards have
compact size and may be stacked without a
backplane
The PMC and XMC mezzanine cards enable a
simple and efficient expansion of a CPU card
The CompactPCI boards allow to replace the
VME bus with the PCI bus
Use the standard Eurocard format
The CompactPCI Serial boards can use various
types of serial interfaces
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Features of Mini PCI
Features of Mini PCI Express
Features of CardBus
Advantages of ExpressCard
Features of ExpressCard
Features of PCI-104 boards
Features of PMC and XMC mezzanine cards
Features of CompactPCI boards
Features of CompactPCI Serial boards
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1. What are the main features of
ExpressCard modules?
2. What are the main requirements of
systems intended for industrial
applications?
3. What are the techniques used by
CompactPCI cards to increase the number
of cards connected to the backplane?
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