Cells Cells are made of
Organelles
TAKE OUT YOUR PACKETS
Cell Organelles
Organelles are structures within a cell that preform a
specific function.
Cell Membrane
• The cell membrane protects the cell by
controlling what can enter and exit the cell.
(keeps the insides in and the outside out)
• It is also called the plasma membrane.
CELL WALL
• Surround the cell membrane
• Helps support and maintain the cell shape,
protects it from damage and connects it with
neighboring cells.
CYTOSKELETON
• The cytoskeleton is an interwoven network of
microtubules that spreads out like a net
throughout the cell, giving it structure and
support.
CENTRIOLES (Centrosome)
• Centrioles are two gear shaped organelles.
They make microtubules which help to evenly
divide the DNA during cell division.
NUCLEUS
• The nucleus houses the cells DNA (also called
chromatin or chromosomes) and controls
many functions within the cell.
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
• The nucleus is surrounded by a double
membrane called the nuclear membrane,
which contains many small channels called
nuclear
pores. (like the cell membrane, the
nuclear membrane controls
what can get in and out of the
nucleus)
NUCLEOLUS
• The nucleolus is a small structure in the center
of the nucleus. This is where ribosomes are
made.
CHROMATIN &
CHROMOSOMES
• Inside the nucleus is a tangled string of DNA
called the chromatin. Before eukaryotic cells
divide, the chromatin condenses into
structures called chromosomes.
chromatin
chromosomes
NUCLEOID
• Because prokaryotic cells have no nucleus,
their DNA is found in the center of the cell, in
a loop. We refer to this loop of DNA as the
nucleoid.
CYTOPLASM
• Cytoplasm is the gel like liquid that fills all
cells and in which all of the organelles are
floating.
RIBOSOMES
• An organelle composed of RNA and protein.
It’s job is to make protein (protein synthesis).
• They may be suspended in the cytoplasm, or
they may be attached to the rough ER.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• A system of membranes that is found in the cells
cytoplasm just outside the nucleus. It produces
proteins and lipids and transports them throughout
the cell.
ROUGH ER – has attached
ribosomes
SMOOTH ER – no ribosomes
Vessicle
• A small membrane-bound sac that transports
substances in cells.
Golgi Apparatus
• A set of flattened, membrane bound sacs that
serve as the packaging and distribution center
of the cell.
VACUOLE and
CENTRAL VACUOLE
• A vacuole is a storage compartment for water
and other nutrients for the cell.
• Plant cells have one large central vacuole.
When it is full, it gives the plant its shape.
Lysosomes
• Small spherical organelles that contain the
cells digestive enzymes. They break down
waste for the cell.
Mitochondria
• An organelle that takes energy from the food
we eat to make ATP (adenosine triphospahtea cells energy source)
• Has an inner and an outer membrane, and
also contains DNA.
CHLOROPLAST
The organelle in plants and algae where photosynthesis
takes place. (Takes energy from the sun and converts it to
energy for the cell.) They also have two membranes and
their own DNA.
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• Write down your HW
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Prokaryotic Cell
Animal Cell (Eukaryote)
Plant Cell (Eukaryote)
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