http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pu
bmed/9367261
link on T and CorpusCallosum
Brain Anatomy
Regions and their functions
By By Anthony
Mr. Verdi has a new favorite
student…
Hippocampus and Amygdala
4 major regions
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Cerebral hemispheres
Diencephalon
Brain stem
Cerebellum
Cerebral Hemispheres
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Right and Left  Superior part of brain
Most of mass of the brain
Shallow groove = sulcus
Elevated area by groove = gyrus
Cerebral Cortex
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.125 inch thick… 40% of brain mass
Motor areas
Sensory areas
Association areas
Contralateral control
• Central sulcus
• Precentral gyrus = primary motor
Primary Motor Cortex
• Precentral gyrus
• Controls voluntary movement
Premotor Cortex
• Learned motor skills
Broca’s area
• Speech! Left hemisphere
Broca's area and Wernicke's area
are connected by a bundle of nerve
fibers called the arcuate fasciculus.
Damage to the arcuate fasciculus
causes a disorder called conduction
aphasia.
People with conduction aphasia can
understand language, but their
speech does not make sense and
they cannot repeat words.
Primary Somatosensory Cortex
• Postcentral gyrus
• Right hemisphere gets information from
left, and upside down
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Somatosensory Association cortex
• Posterior to postcentral gyrus
Visual area
• Extreme posterior tip of occipital lobe
Visual Association Area
• Surrounds the visual area… determines
what you are seeing
– i.e. 2 pretty eyes, long hair, ears… its Zooey !
Auditory Areas
• Top of temporal lobe = primary auditory
area
• Posterior of temporal lobe = auditory
association area
Olfactory cortex
•  primitive brain new functions
• Rhinencephalon = Memory!
• Why we remember smell of Grandma’s old
smoky apartment, with dentures and those
weird mints now only seen at midlevel
restaraunts
Diencephalon
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3 paired structures
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Thalamus
• Large number of nuclei
• “Afferent impulses from all senses and all
parts of the body converge on the
thalamus
• Includes sensory, visceral, emotional, etc.
Hypothalamus
7 functions
1.) Autonomic control center
2.) Center for emotional response
3.) Body Temperature Regulation
Hypothalamus
4.) Regulation of Food Intake
5.) Regulation of Water balance and thirst
6.) Regulation of sleep-wake cycles
SCN
7.) control of endocrine system functioning
Epithalamus
• Pineal gland – melatonin hormone
• Makes you sleeeepppppyyyy
Brain Stem
• Midbrain
– Some grey matter involved in pain
suppression and fight and flight
• Superior colliculi
– Visual reflex
• Inferior colliculi
– Auditory reflex
Brain Stem
• Pons
• Helps communication between motor
cortex and cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata
• Cardiovascular center
• Respiratory center
• Various other centers
Cerebellum
• Think Coordination!
• Coordinates inputs from tons of sensory
and motor regions of the brain