Geography 2
Final Exam Study Guide
Chapter 7: Geography of Race & Ethnicity
Race
Racism
Ethnicity
Nationality
Nationalism
Patterns of race/ethnicity in the US
Racism on the landscape: South Africa, U.S.
Apartheid
Stephen Biko
Nelson Mandela
Townships
Petite, Meso, Grand
Jim Crow Laws
Plessy v Ferguson
Brown v Board of Education Topeka, KS
White flight
Blockbusting
Busing
State
Nation
Nation-state
Balkanization
Ottoman Empire
Josef Tito
Slobodan Milosevic
Kosovo
Chapter 10: Agriculture
Globalization
Fertile Crescent/East Africa
Southeast Asia/China Mesoamerica
Mesoamerica/South America
Industrial agriculture
Vertical integration
Chapter 11: Manufacturing
US centers of manufacturing
Fordism
OPEC
Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
Extensive & intensive subsistence
Extensive & intensive commercial
Agribusiness
Horizontal integration
Feminized labor forces
Post-Fordism
EPZ/FTZ
Chapter 14: Natural Resources
Renewable energy
Non-renewable energy
Acid Rain
Smog
Water Pollution
Global Climate Change
1. What is ethnicity? Using the example of the Balkanization of Yugoslavia discuss the
idea that ethnicity is also a ‘constructed identity.’ You may use other examples to
illustrate this as well.
2. What are race and racism? How racism shaped the social landscape of the United
States?
3. Explain the different forms of commercial and subsistence agriculture. Discuss the
way in which agricultural production has changed—both in terms of how food is
produced and who produces the food.
4. What are Fordism and Post-Fordism? What factors led to the restructuring of
manufacturing and what have the consequences been for both the United States and for
developing countries?
5. What are the consequences of continued reliance on fossil fuels? What are the
alternatives?
6. Discuss the implications of the loss of tropical rainforest at both a global and local
scale. What is driving rainforest loss and what are possible solutions?