The Study of Racial Profiling Value of Data Collection Deterrence Evaluation and Change “Racial Profiling” by Ryan Kelly http://www.mnartists.org/ The Study of Racial Profiling Methodological Limitations Problem of Definition Data Collection & Measurement Heavy reliance on information provided by police The Study of Racial Profiling Findings Stop-Search Disparities Victim Reports Race, Class, & Excessive Use of Force Forms of Excessive Force Police Brutality Police Shootings & Killings Is Excessive Force Ever Warranted? Not linked to offending rate Police Accountability & Innovation Mechanisms for Accountability Citizen Review Boards Community Outreach Innovation Controversies The balance between crime fighting and community relations “COP” Controversies “ZTP” Controversies Policing Native Americans: A Historical Perspective Origins: Summer 1968 Police Brutality Civil Liberties Slum Housing 80% unemployment rate Lack of concern regarding Indian education. Discriminatory welfare policies. What events illustrate the contentious relationship between police and Native Americans? Standoff at Wounded Knee (1973) Policing Race and Class: Other Contemporary Issues Citizen Satisfaction With Police (Table 4.4 in Gabbidon & Green) Race & Public Opinion Race, Class, & Citizen Satisfaction Race, Class, Drugs, & Punishment Social Strain & Illegal Drugs “The American Dream” Means & Goals Isolation, Poverty, & Survival