Commissioning for High Performance Ken Meline, Managing

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Commissioning for High Performance
Ken Meline, Principal
Command Commissioning, LLC
Topics
Overview of Commissioning
Sustainable & High Performance Buildings
Commissioning for High Performance
Recent trends in Commissioning
Typical Design / Construction
Communication Process
3
Definitions of Commissioning
Official definition*:
“Systematic process of assuring by
verification and documentation, from the
design phase to a minimum of one year
after construction, that all facility
systems perform interactively in
accordance with the owner’s operational
needs, including preparation of
operation personnel.”
My definition:
“It’s the Owner’s QA/QC process.”
* Official definition of Total Building Commissioning established by the National
Conference on Building Commissioning
Types of Commissioning
• New Building Commissioning
‒ Process Commissioning
‒ Technical Commissioning
• Existing Building Commissioning
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
Re-Commissioning
Retro-Commissioning
Continuous Commissioning®
Ongoing Commissioning
Monitoring-Based Commissioning
Type of Cx
Previously
Cx’d?
Performance
Monitoring
Req’d?
Functional
Testing
Req’d?
Re-Cx
Yes
No
Yes
Retro-Cx
No
No
Yes
CC®
Yes/No
Yes
No
Monitoring-Based Cx
Yes/No
Yes
No
® Registered trademark of Texas A&M Energy Systems Laboratory
Why do we recommend Commissioning?
• Building Owner’s QA/QC process
• Helps meet sustainability / high
performance building goals
• Enhances reliability of complex systems
• Ensures comfortable, healthy environments
for tenants and employees
• Facilitates efficient system operations
yielding energy savings
What are the motivating factors for end users?
•
•
•
•
•
LEED points
Reliability (Data Centers, Hospitals, Labs)
Improved Comfort
Reduced Energy Consumption / Incentives
Mandates (Codes and Ordinances)
Measureable Benefits of Cx
Owners can achieve
savings in operations of
over the first
5
$4.00
years of occupancy
as a direct result of every
$1.00
invested in commissioning*
* Data from Whole Building Design Guide – a program of National Institute of Building
Sciences (06-21-2010)
Measureable Benefits of Cx
??%
15%
Commissioned buildings utilize
less energy than non-commissioned buildings*
In many cases, this savings alone may more than pay for the entire
commissioning process.
* The Cost Effectiveness of Commercial Buildings Commissioning, Evan Mills,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, December 2004
Commissioning Certifications & Guidelines
ACG (AABC Commissioning Group)
• Certified Commissioning (CXA) Authority
• ACG Commissioning Guideline
• Dedicated to the advancement of professional, independent
commissioning services through education, training, and
certification of qualified architects and engineers
ASHRAE
• Commissioning Process Management Professional (CPMP)
• ASHRAE / NIBS Guideline 0 – 2005 “The Commissioning Process”
• ASHRAE / NIBS Guideline 1 – 2007 “HVAC Technical
Requirements for the Commissioning Process”
• ASHRAE / ANSI Standard 2012 – 2013 “Commissioning Process for
Buildings and Systems”
Commissioning Certifications & Guidelines
NEBB (National Environmental Balancing Bureau)
•
•
•
BSC Certified (Building Systems Commissioning)
NEBB Procedural Standards for Building Systems
Established in 1971, standards for:
‒ Testing, adjusting and balancing (TAB)
‒ Commission and retro-commission building systems
commissioning
‒ Sound and vibration testing
‒ Test and certify laboratory fume hoods/cleanrooms
BCA (Building Commissioning Association)
•
•
Certified Commissioning Professional (CCP)
The Building Commissioning Handbook
Commissioning Certifications & Guidelines
ICC (International Code Council)
•
ICC G4-2012 Guideline for Commissioning
NECA (National Electrical Contractors Association)
•
•
Origins back to 1901
NECA 90- Recommended Practice for Commissioning Building
Electrical Systems
NFPA 70
•
NEC Article 708 – Critical Operations Power Systems
Cost of Commissioning
• Depends on the following:
‒ Project size
‒ Complexity of building systems
‒ Systems to be commissioned
• Typically less than 1% of total construction cost
Sustainable Bldg Guidelines & Best Practices
•
US Green Building Council
‒ LEED
•
European Green Building Councils
‒ BREEAM
•
Estidama
‒ Pearl Rating System
•
World Green Building Council
‒ No independent rating system
Commonality in All Rating Systems
COMMISSIONING
High Performance Bldg Guidelines & Best Practices
• ASHRAE
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
Standard 90.1-2013 – Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise
Residential Buildings
Standard 55-2013 – Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human
Occupancy
Standard 62.1-2013 – Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
Standard 189.1-2011 – Standard for the Design of High-Performance
Green Buildings
Green Guide 4th Edition – Design, Construction, and Operation of
Sustainable Buildings
• EPA Energy Star
‒ Portfolio Manager
• NIBS
‒
Whole Building Design Guide
What’s the difference…
“Green”, “Sustainable”, “High Performance”?
• NIBS - High Performance Building Council:
“A building that integrates and optimizes all major high-performance building
attributes, including energy efficiency, durability, life-cycle performance, and
occupant productivity”
• ASHRAE Guideline 32 - Sustainable High-Performance
Operations and Maintenance
A high-performance building “consistently delivers a highly productive
environment without wasting resources”
• Environmental Protection Agency
“Green building is the practice of creating structures and using processes that are
environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's lifecycle from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and
deconstruction. This practice expands and complements the classical building
design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort. Green building is
also known as a sustainable or high performance building.”
So………………?
• Overview of Commissioning
• Sustainable & High Performance Buildings
Existing Building
or
New Building?
Commissioning of New High Performance Buildings
Start at the beginning!!!
Design
Phase
Construction
Phase
Acceptance
Phase
Post
Acceptance
Phase
BUT,
“Begin with the end in mind”
Stephen Covey
“If you don’t know where you are going, you will probably not wind
up there.”
Forrest Gump
Commissioning of New High Performance Buildings
• Emphasis on Owner’s Project Requirements (OPR)
• Decisions based on life cycle cost
• What benchmark or Rating System to use?
System
Rating(s)
USGBC
LEED Certified, Silver, Gold,
Platinum
ASHRAE
Building Energy Quotient
Standard 90.1
Standard 189.1
EPA
Energy Star
Sustainable or Green Features
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Emphasis on Design Phase
Sophisticated HVAC controls with optimized sequences
Sophisticated lighting controls
Condensate recovery systems
Rainwater collection and reuse
Low flow plumbing fixtures
Renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) systems
Building envelope: Design reviews and field testing
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ): Ventilation that meets or exceeds
ASHRAE 62.1
• Natural lighting & light pollution
• System performance benchmarking
Commissioning of Existing Buildings for High
Performance
Start at the beginning!!!
Planning
Investigation
BUT,
“Begin with the end in mind”
Implementation
Turnover
Persistence
Commissioning of Existing Buildings for High
Performance
• Emphasis on Planning and Investigation Phases
• Determine the Current Facility Requirements (CFR)
• What are the motivating factors for EBCx?
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
Energy Reduction
LEED Points
Occupant complaints
Code or Ordinance Requirements
Utility Incentive
• What benchmark or rating system to use?
‒
‒
‒
LEED EB
EPA Energy Star
Labs21
Commissioning of Existing Buildings for High
Performance
• Extensive use of Baselines and Benchmarking
‒
‒
‒
“Normalizing” data
Energy Use Intensity (EUI)
Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE)
• Measurement & Verification Plan (M&V Plan)
‒ BAS Trend Logs (Monitoring based Cx)
‒ Whole building meter data or sub-meters?
• Methodology for repairs & upgrades
• Fault detection and diagnostics (FDD)
Normalizing Data
Outside Temperature
90,000
100
80,000
90
80
70,000
70
60,000
60
50,000
50
40,000
40
30,000
30
20,000
20
10,000
10
0
0
Nov-10 Feb-11 May-11 Aug-11 Nov-11 Feb-12 May-12 Aug-12 Nov-12 Feb-13 May-13
Monthly Average Outside Air Dry-bulb
Temperature (⁰F)
Monthly Daily Average Electricity Use (kWh/day)
Electricity Use
Monthly Daily Average Electricity Use (kWh/day)
Normalizing Data
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Monthly Average Outside Air Dry-bulb Temperature (⁰F)
100
110
Normalizing Data
Table 1: California Commissioning Collaborative: Building Performance Tracking in
Large Commercial Buildings: Tools and Strategies Subtask 4.4 Research Report,
Greensfelder, Friedman, Crowe; November 2010
Recent Trends and Developments in the
Commissioning World
• ASHRAE Standard 202-2013 Commissioning Process for
Buildings and Systems
– Approved at June 2013 meeting
– Guideline vs. Standard
• Key differences to Guideline 0 – reference Introduction
PowerPoint
• ASHRAE Guideline 0.2P, The Commissioning Process for
Existing Systems and Assemblies (First Public Review Draft)
– 45 day public review period from December 6, 2013 to January 20, 2014
Recent Trends and Developments in the
Commissioning World
• ASHRAE Guideline 1.4P, Procedures for Preparing Facility
Systems Manuals (First Public Review Draft)
– 45 day public review period from November 22, 2013 to January 6, 2013
• Technical vs. Process Commissioning
– ASHRAE Journal Article June 2013
• Automated Fault Detection and Diagnostics (AFDD) Systems
Thank You!
Ken Meline, PE, CxA
972-827-2657
kmeline@command-cx.com
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