 Disasters

1900 Galveston, Texas hurricane


lead to reform
State commission – elected
commissions with 2 year terms
1913 Flood Dayton, Ohio

City managers & elected commissioners
 The
government is more ________
 Reform Mayors - Detroit and
Cleveland


Fairer tax structure, lower fares on public
transportation, parks, schools
Cleveland – take over utilities (so corrupt)
 19
Socialist Mayors – Gas & Water
•
Wisconsin Gov. Robert La Follette (19011906), corporations should be treated the
same as people (no special treatment)

Regulated railroads, mines, mills, telephone
companies

•
No more free passes, taxed at same rate as other
businesses, commission to regulate
Washington, California, New York
 Initiative
– bill originating from the people
(not politicians)
 Referendum – bill the people (not politicians)
vote for or against
 Recall – the people get to vote on removing a
politician from office prior to their term
being up
 Primaries – the people choose their political
party’s candidates
 By
1916 all but three states had direct
primaries
 "Let
the watchwords of all our people be the
old familiar watchwords of honesty, decency,
fair-dealing, and commonsense."... "We must
treat each man on his worth and merits as a
man. We must see that each is given a square
deal, because he is entitled to no more and
should receive no less."The welfare of each
of us is dependent fundamentally upon the
welfare of all of us."
 --New
1903
York State Fair, Syracuse September 7,
 Square Deal: all get a fair
shot
 corporations, consumer
protection, conservation
Corporations
 Trust busting – Good versus Bad
1902 Northern Security, 1904
dissolved
 44 other suits


Elkins Act, 1903


Public rate change publish,
rebates not allowed (fine)
Hepburn Act, 1906

Max rates, no free passes


The Father of Conservation - "I recognize the right and duty of
this generation to develop and use the nature resources of our
land; but I do not recognize the right to waste them, or to rob,
by wasteful use, the generations that come after us." (Theodore
Roosevelt, Osawatomie, Kansas, August 31, 1910).
Newlands Reclamation Act
(1902)

Public money for dams & irrigation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AF15JVliwRc&feature=related
1905: US Forest Services under Gifford Pinchot
 Set aside land cannot be used (43-194 million
acres protected)
 Five national parks
 18 national monuments to be protected

 Not
a Roosevelt…
 Major trust buster

90 to TR’s 44
 Mann

Elkins Act 1910
ICC’s power
 Set
stage 16th amendment
 Payne Aldrich Tariff

Said would lower tariffs &
wavered
 Conservation

issues
Ballinger-Pinchot Affair


Hired B as secretary of interior –
removed 1 million acres land
Pinchot (former head Forestry) fired
testifying against B



Taft gets the Republican nomination
Roosevelt forms the Bull Moose
Party/Progressive Party
Woodrow Wilson – Democrat
Democrats happy – why?
 SOCIALIST – Eugene Debs


4th run!
Teddy – New Nationalism –
government involvement
Wilson – New Freedom – tariffs,
trusts, high finance



TRUSTS
WOMEN”S SUFFRAGE
TARIFFS

New Freedom


Triple Wall of privilege “trust, tariff
and high finance (banks)”
Underwood Tariff of 1913

First reduction since CW
 Federal Trade Commission Act of
1914 – advertising & pricing
 Clayton Anti-trust Act of 1914
 Legal – unions, striking, boycotts
 Illegal – certain business
practices

Federal Reserve Act, 1913

Government controls money supply
 16th
Amendment
 17th Amendment
(1913)
 18th Amendment
 19th Amendment
– graduated income tax (1913)
– direct election of senators
– prohibition of alcohol (1919)*
– women’s suffrage (1920)
**** 21st Amendment – (1933)