Aim: Which Progressive Era President was the most
progressive?
Vocab
Progressive Party Platform
Teddy Roosevelt – Square Deal
Pure Food and Drug Act
Meat Inspection Act
Bull Moose Party
President Taft – The New Nationalism
Payne-Aldrich Tariff
Ballinger-Pinchot dispute
President Woodrow Wilson
The New Freedom
The Underwood Tariff Bill
Federal Reserve Board
Federal Trade Commission
Clayton Act
16th, 17th, 18th, 19th Amendments
Essential Questions:
(1)Which President’s plan was most in line
with Progressive principles?
(2)Which of the plans would be most
effective in solving the problems that the
Progressives brought attention to?
(3)Which plan would have long term effects
on the nation?
http://uccpbank.k12hsn.org/courses/APUSHisto
ryII/course%20files/multimedia/lesson53/lesson
p_uccp_ap.html
Theodore Roosevelt aka Teddy Bear
aka Trust Buster
The smile of an angel.
Believed in fair business policies (greatly opposed to
corruption).
Equalize opportunity for all men so each had equal chances for
success.
Square Deal was his domestic agenda which included three main
points:
conservation of natural resources
control of corporations
consumer protection
Wanted to help middle class citizens by attacking bad trusts and
plutocracy, or “rule by the wealthy.”
Protected businesses from extreme trade union demands.
Believed that some trusts were good and should be preserved.
"Speak softly and carry a big stick."
Woodrow Wilson
Ω Believed in less governmental interference than Roosevelt.
Ω However during his presidency he added even more
governmental regulation (Federal Reserve System and
Clayton Antitrust Act).
Ω New Freedom (plan when in office) had 3 main points:
Ω Tariff Reform – Underwood Tariff Act (1913)
Ω Business Reform - Federal Trade Commission Act (1914)
Ω Banking Reform – (Federal Reserve Act (1913)
Ω Also did not support unfair business policies.
Ω Depended on Federal Trade Commission to regulate
businesses and ensure fair policies.
Ω Ratified 19th amendment while in office (gave woman the right
to vote).
Woodrow Wilson and his attack on the “Triple Wall
of Privilege”
• Tariff reduction – “lower tariffs will bring consumer prices
down.”
– Underwood Tariff of 1913 – lowers tariffs for the 1st
time in 50 years.
• Banking Reform – Federal Reserve Act, 1913.
• Trusts – a group of individuals who contribute capital to
create a joint business. Legislation against trusts:
– Clayton Antitrust Act –strengthened the provisions in
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
– Federal Trade Commission – investigate and take
action against “unfair trade practice.”
Causes of the Economic Revolution
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Plentiful raw materials (ex. lumber, iron, oil, copper, silver)
Available capital – investors from abroad and domestically
provided money for industry.
Available labor – farm laborers were not needed in such large
numbers due to technological advances, so many went to
industrial factory jobs; old (German, British, Scandinavian
countries = western settlers; Irish = eastern settlers) and new
immigrants Italians, Poles, Russians, Austrians and Jews).
Ingenuity – mass production techniques were developed;
inventions.
Encouragement from the Government – laissez faire theory says
that the government should not interfere in industry. This allowed
businessmen to pay low wages, charge high prices, employ
corrupt practices, and enter into monopolistic agreements without
interference by state or national government. Federal laws were
passed to aid industry, with protective tariffs, land grants, loans to
RR, and acts requiring shipbuilders and RRs to use Americanmade materials.