A Study of Data Dissemination on
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks using
IEEE802.11p Communication System
Final Report
Passakon Prathombutr, Ph.D
NECTEC
Kultida Rojviboonchai, Ph.D.
Kulit Na Nakorn, Ph.D.
Kiattikun Kawila
ISEL, Department of Computer Engineering, Chulalongkorn University
System Architecture
• Device Installation
• Environment Detail
• Study Results
• Example Cases
• Unexpected Issues
System Architecture
• Application
: displays information to passenger
• Wi-Fi Hotspot : connects IEEE802.11p to Wi-Fi standards
• IEEE802.11p : bus-to-bus and bus-to-bus stop comm.
IEEE802.11p
Communication
Device
GPS,
Traffic
Status, …
GPS,
Traffic
Status, …
GPS,
Traffic
Status, …
Intelligent
Bus Stop
Wifi Hotspot
Passenger
Bus
System Architecture
IEEE802.11P
Communication Device
(Bus/Bus Stop)
Smartphone
(Passenger)
App
Wi-Fi
IEEE802.11P
Communication Device
(Bus/Bus Stop)
Application
Application
Reliable Broadcast Prot.
(API)
Reliable Broadcast Prot.
(API)
Wi-Fi
802.11P
Wi-Fi
802.11P
System Architecture
Access Point
Ethernet Switch
DENSO WSU-5001T
Voltage Step Down Circuit
Raspberry Pi + Sensors
Device Installation : Buses
IEEE802.11p
Antenna
GPS
Antenna
IEEE802.11P
Device
Device Installation : Pictures
Buses
Device Installation : Base Station
IEEE802.11p
Antenna
GPS
Antenna
1
IEEE802.11P
Device
Battery
Position of base stations
on the covered walkway
Position of base stations
on the map
Device Installation : Pictures
Base Station
Device
Box
Battery
Box
• System Architecture
• Device Installation
Environment Detail
• Study Results
• Example Cases
• Unexpected Issues
Environment Detail : Bus Routes and Base Stations
Buses
1
Line 1 : 6 Buses
2
Line 2 : 5 Buses
4
Line 4 : 4 Buses
Base Stations
2 Base Stations
Broadcasting Protocol: DECA
 DECA performs periodic beaconing to gather local
density information of 1-hop neighbors.
 A node selects a neighbor with highest density.
 Selected node is responsible for rebroadcasting the
message immediately.
Environment Detail : Message Configuration
Sending Interval
Every 1 Minute
Message Lifetime
30 Minutes
Message Size
512 bytes
Message Header
Source IP
(4 bytes)
Msg ID
(4 bytes)
GPS
(16 bytes)
Timestamp
(8 bytes)
Payload
(512 bytes)
• System Architecture
• Device Installation
• Environment Detail
Study Results
• Example Cases
• Unexpected Issues
83 (Line 1)
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95 (Line 4)
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0%
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50%
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50%
6:00:00
5:30:00
0%
100%
5:00:00
0%
100%
5:00:00
Online Activity Ratio
Study Results: Online Activity Ratio
100%
Tue 3 Nov 2015
Install devices
50%
Mon 9 Nov 2015
Install more
devices
Tue 10 Nov 2015
Add fuse
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
79 (Line 1)
80 (Line 1)
81 (Line 2)
82 (Line 4)
83 (Line 1)
85 (Line 4)
89 (Line 1)
90 (Line 4)
91 (Line 2)
92 (Line 2)
93 (Line 1)
95 (Line 4)
98 (Line 2)
14:00:00
15:30:00
76 (Line 1)
79 (Line 1)
80 (Line 1)
81 (Line 2)
82 (Line 4)
83 (Line 1)
85 (Line 4)
89 (Line 1)
90 (Line 4)
91 (Line 2)
92 (Line 2)
93 (Line 1)
95 (Line 4)
98 (Line 2)
89
89
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89
(Line
(Line
(Line
1)
1)
1)
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90
90
(Line
(Line
(Line
4)
4)
4)
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(Line
(Line
(Line
2)
2)
2)
92
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92
(Line
(Line
(Line
2)
2)
2)
93
93
93
(Line
(Line
(Line
1)
1)
1)
95
95
95
(Line
(Line
(Line
4)
4)
4)
98
98
98
(Line
(Line
(Line
2)
2)
2)
89(Line
(Line1)
1) 90
90(Line
(Line4)
4) 91
91(Line
(Line2)
2) 92
92(Line
(Line2)
2) 93
93(Line
(Line1)
1) 95
95(Line
(Line4)
4) 98
98(Line
(Line2)
2)
76
76
76
76
(Line
(Line
(Line
1)
1)
1)
79
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(Line
(Line
(Line
1)
1)
1)
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(Line
1)
1)
1)
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(Line
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2)
2)
2)
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(Line
(Line
(Line
4)
4)
4)
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(Line
(Line
(Line
1)
1)
1)
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(Line
(Line
(Line
4)
4)
4)
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88
88
(Line
(Line
(Line
2)
2)
2)
76(Line
(Line1)
1) 79
79(Line
(Line1)
1) 80
80(Line
(Line1)
1) 81
81(Line
(Line2)
2) 82
82(Line
(Line4)
4) 83
83(Line
(Line1)
1) 85
85(Line
(Line4)
4) 88
88(Line
(Line2)
2)
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88 (Line 2)
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50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
6:00:00
5:30:00
50%
6:00:00
6:00:00
6:00:00
6:00:00
6:30:00
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0%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
5:00:00
0%
100%
5:00:00
5:00:00
5:00:00
5:00:00
5:30:00
5:30:00
5:30:00
5:30:00
Online Activity Ratio
Study Results: Online Activity Ratio
100%
50%
Wed 11 Nov 2015
Unplug devices to
check power
problem
88 (Line 2)
Thu 13 Nov 2015
Install more
devices without
being connected
to power
Fri 19 Nov 2015
Fix AC power
problem:
Add Diode
83 (Line 1)
85 (Line 4)
89 (Line 1)
90 (Line 4)
91 (Line 2)
92 (Line 2)
93 (Line 1)
95 (Line 4)
98 (Line 2)
76 (Line 1)
79 (Line 1)
80 (Line 1)
81 (Line 2)
82 (Line 4)
83 (Line 1)
85 (Line 4)
89 (Line 1)
90 (Line 4)
91 (Line 2)
92 (Line 2)
93 (Line 1)
95 (Line 4)
98 (Line 2)
76 (Line 1)
79 (Line 1)
80 (Line 1)
81 (Line 2)
82 (Line 4)
83 (Line 1)
85 (Line 4)
89 (Line 1)
90 (Line 4)
91 (Line 2)
92 (Line 2)
93 (Line 1)
95 (Line 4)
98 (Line 2)
88 (Line 2)
19:00:00
19:30:00
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19:30:00
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17:30:00
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8:30:00
8:00:00
7:30:00
7:00:00
6:30:00
6:00:00
5:30:00
5:00:00
19:00:00
0%
18:30:00
88 (Line 2)
18:30:00
88 (Line 2)
18:30:00
18:00:00
82 (Line 4)
18:00:00
81 (Line 2)
17:30:00
80 (Line 1)
17:30:00
79 (Line 1)
17:00:00
16:30:00
16:00:00
15:30:00
15:00:00
14:30:00
14:00:00
13:30:00
13:00:00
12:30:00
12:00:00
11:30:00
11:00:00
10:30:00
10:00:00
9:30:00
9:00:00
8:30:00
8:00:00
7:30:00
7:00:00
6:30:00
76 (Line 1)
17:00:00
16:30:00
16:00:00
15:30:00
15:00:00
14:30:00
14:00:00
13:30:00
13:00:00
12:30:00
12:00:00
11:30:00
11:00:00
10:30:00
10:00:00
9:30:00
9:00:00
8:30:00
8:00:00
7:30:00
7:00:00
6:30:00
50%
6:00:00
5:30:00
50%
6:00:00
5:30:00
0%
100%
5:00:00
0%
100%
5:00:00
Online Activity Ratio
Study Results: Online Activity Ratio
100%
Fri 20 Nov 2015
50%
Sat 21 Nov 2015
Mon 23 Nov 2015
Fix file format issue:
Change format from
FAT32 to EXT4
76 (Line 1)
79 (Line 1)
80 (Line 1)
81 (Line 2)
82 (Line 4)
83 (Line 1)
85 (Line 4)
89 (Line 1)
90 (Line 4)
91 (Line 2)
92 (Line 2)
93 (Line 1)
95 (Line 4)
98 (Line 2)
88 (Line 2)
19:30:00
19:00:00
18:30:00
18:00:00
17:30:00
17:00:00
16:30:00
16:00:00
15:30:00
15:00:00
14:30:00
14:00:00
13:30:00
13:00:00
12:30:00
12:00:00
11:30:00
11:00:00
10:30:00
10:00:00
9:30:00
9:00:00
8:30:00
8:00:00
7:30:00
7:00:00
6:30:00
6:00:00
5:30:00
5:00:00
Online Activity Ratio
Study Results: Online Activity Ratio
Tuesday 24 November 2015
100%
50%
0%
Study Results: Packet Delivery Ratio
*Packet Delivery Ratio = Packet Sent / Packet Received
100.00%
Packet Delivery Ratio
90.00%
80.00%
70.00%
60.47%
60.00%
52.31%
62.98%
68.29%
65.59%
66.56%
64.09%
53.44%
49.24%
50.00%
45.51% 44.00%
41.57%
PDR
40.00%
31.36%
30.00%
24.14%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Date
Study Results: Packet Delivery Ratio
100%
57.95%
Packet Delivery Ratio
50%
43.33%
49.43%
41.25%
39.58%
45.50%
43.53%
33.33%
Mon 23 Nov 2015
07:05 – 07:35 AM
0%
76
79
80
83
85
89
90
92
100%
83.93%
83.50%
65.52%
65.42%
64.17%
57.42%
56.44%
56.06%
Tue24 Nov 2015
50%
06:55 – 07:25 AM
0%
76
79
81
83
85
Shuttle Bus ID
89
90
92
Study Results: Transmission Delay
1400.00
1220.83
Transmission Delay (Sec)
1200.00
1298.10
1087.86
1162.40
941.06
1000.00
1036.92
800.00
752.18
600.00
400.00
200.00
0.00
1
2
3
4
5
Number of hops (Number of Rebroadcast events)
6
7
• System Architecture
• Device Installation
• Environment Detail
• Study Results
Example Cases
• Unexpected Issues
Sample Log of Bus 85
Example Cases: Log Field Extraction
Send Data
Timestamp
Flag
Latitude
Longitude
Source IP
Seq #
Selected IP
7:05:18 AM
SendData
13.735795
100.531882
192.168.2.85
735
192.168.2.83
Receive Data
Timestamp
Flag
Latitude
Longitude
Source IP
Seq #
7:05:18 AM
RecvData
13.735795
100.531882
192.168.2.76
735
Rebroadcast Data
Timestamp
Flag
Latitude
Longitude
Source IP
Seq #
Selected IP
7:05:19 AM
RebcData
13.73504
100.531815
192.168.2.83
735
192.168.2.76
*Selected IP = Node/Bus that is responsible for rebroadcasting the message immediately.
*Seq = Sequence Number to track the same packet/message
Example Cases: Broadcasting Data
At 07:05 AM
7:05:18 AM SendData 13.735795 100.531882
192.168.2.85 735 192.168.2.83
7:05:18 AM RecvData 13.735795 100.531882
192.168.2.76 735
7:05:18 AM RecvData 13.735795 100.531882
192.168.2.83 735
7:05:19 AM RebcData 13.73504 100.531815
192.168.2.83 735 192.168.2.76
7:05:19 AM RecvData 13.735013 100.531803
192.168.2.85 735
7:05:19 AM RecvData 13.735795 100.531882
192.168.2.76 735
Example Cases: Broadcasting Data
At 07:10 AM
7:10:13 AM RebcData 13.734835 100.531665
192.168.2.76 735 192.168.2.90
7:10:14 AM RecvData 13.737768 100.533072
192.168.2.90 735
7:10:14 AM RebcData 13.738745 100.52977
192.168.2.90 735 192.168.2.79
7:10:44 AM RebcData 13.739233 100.534725
192.168.2.85 735 192.168.2.89
7:10:44 AM RecvData 13.74045 100.530008
192.168.2.89 735
7:10:44 AM RebcData 13.740453 100.530012
192.168.2.89 735 192.168.2.85
7:10:45 AM RecvData 13.73923279 100.5347249
192.168.2.85 735
Example Cases: Broadcasting Data
At 07:30 AM – 07:35 AM
7:30:03 AM RebcData 13.745528 100.535245
192.168.2.76 735 192.168.2.80
7:30:04 AM RecvData 13.74084 100.527497
192.168.2.80 735
7:30:27 AM RebcData 13.74341 100.530313
192.168.2.83 735 192.168.2.81
7:30:29 AM RecvData 13.738468 100.529595
192.168.2.81 735
7:35:01 AM RebcData 13.73823 100.527807
192.168.2.90 735 192.168.2.79
7:35:01 AM RecvData 13.736575 100.524988
192.168.2.80 735
7:35:01 AM RecvData 13.736552 100.525252
192.168.2.79 735
7:35:02 AM RebcData 13.736575 100.524988
192.168.2.79 735 192.168.2.80
......
• System Architecture
• Device Installation
• Environment Detail
• Study Results
• Example Cases
Unexpected Issues
Unexpected Issues
 New electrical system of
CU shuttle bus
• AC leaking in main
power line damages
the voltage step down
circuit.
 Heavy rain causes water
leaking and double-side
tape degeneration
Unexpected Issues
 File format issue and read only problem
• FAT32 EXT4
 DENSO WSU-5001-T
• Red light notification – not boot
Project Presentation at NBTC
Pictures
Summary
 Data can be delivered up to 83.93%.
 Results were gathered from 10 buses and 1 RSU.
 Maximum number of online buses was 9 buses.
Future Work
 Problem:

There are 5 WSUs that do not work properly.
 Solution:




Recover 5 WSUs using the DENSO firmware
Deploy 4 WSUs on 4 buses
Deploy 1 WSUs as 1 RSU
Performance Measurement & Evaluation
Our Team
NECTEC
Passakon Prathombutr, Ph.D
Information System Engineering Lab (ISEL), Department
of Computer Engineering, Chulalongkorn University
Kultida Rojviboonchai, Ph.D.
Kulit Na Nakorn, Ph.D.
Kiattikun Kawila
Tanapoom Danmanee
Nattakan Pramuanyat
Pakawat Chumcharoen
Tanapat Ruengsatra
Adsadawut Chanakitkarnchok