Thinking About Psychology
The Science of Mind and Behavior 3e
Charles T. Blair-Broeker & Randal M. Ernst
PowerPoint Presentation Slides
by Kent Korek
Germantown High School
Worth Publishers, © 2012
Applications of Psychological
Science Domain
Stress and Health
Module 35
Effects of Stress
Module Overview
• Stress
• Effects of Perceived Control
• Stress and Disease
Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.
Module 35: Effects of Stress
Stress
Stress
• The process by which we perceive and
respond to certain events, called stressors,
that we appraise as threatening
or challenging.
• Is a process of perceiving and
responding
• The response is called a stress
reaction.
Health Psychology
• A subfield of psychology that focuses
on how stress affects our well-being
and health.
Health Psychology Questions about
Stress
• How are stress and illness related?
• How do our perceptions of stress affect our
health?
• Can we control our
reactions to stress?
• What behaviors and
attitudes help prevent
health
problems?
Module 35: Effects of Stress
Stress:
Responding to Stress
Responding to Stress
Responding to Stress
Responding to Stress
Walter Cannon (1871 – 1945)
• American physiologist who, with
Philip Bard, concluded that
physiological arousal and emotional
experience occur simultaneously.
• Found that emotion-arousing
incidents triggered the release
of stress hormones.
Hans Selye (1907-1982)
• Canadian physiologist who
researched recurring responses to
stress the he called the general
adaptation syndrome (GAS).
• Discovered various chemicals
caused stress reactions in
animals
General Adaptation Syndrome
• Sylye’s concept of the body’s adaptive
response to stress in three phases
– Alarm
– Resistance
– Exhaustion
General Adaptation Syndrome
• Alarm Reaction – nervous system
activated in response to stressor
• Resistance – body responds with
physiological reactions to cope with the
stressor
• Exhaustion – body’s resistance to stress
is depleted (physical deterioration)
General Adaptation Syndrome
General Adaptation Syndrome
General Adaptation Syndrome
Module 35: Effects of Stress
Stress:
Stressful Events
Daily Stress
• Stress can be caused by:
– Typical demands of the day
– Living situations/poverty
– Political/Economic
difficulties
Burnout
• Physical, emotional, and mental
exhaustion brought on by persistent jobrelated stress
• Burnout can result in:
– Depression
– Decreased performance
– Cynicism
Significant Life Changes
• Stress can be the result of personal life
changes
– Death of a loved one
– Leaving home for college
• Can result in health
problems
Catastrophes
• Large scale stress events (i.e. earthquakes,
floods, war, etc.)
• Prolonged exposure can lead to physical and
psychological
problems.
Module 35: Effects of Stress
Effects of Perceived
Control
Perceived Control
• The sense of control or influence one
has over stressful events in one’s life
• Most studies suggest the lower the
perceived control the larger the potential
for health-related problems
• Lower perceived control leads to a
lowered immunity to disease.
Optimism
• A generally positive outlook on the
future
• Optimists have stronger immune
systems and recover faster from health
problems.
• Opposite of
pessimism
Stress Hormones
• Hormones released in response to stress
• The body must work to rid the body of
the stress hormones.
• Pessimism and perceived lack of control
both produce more stress hormones.
Module 35: Effects of Stress
Stress and Disease
Module 35: Effects of Stress
Stress and Disease:
Cancer and Stress
Stress-Cancer Connection
• Evidence for a connection is not
conclusive.
• Two conclusions:
– Stress does not appear to create cancer
cells.
– Stress affects the body’s malignancyfighting ability.
Module 35: Effects of Stress
Stress and Disease:
Stress and Heart Disease
Type A
• A term for competitive, hard-driving,
impatient, verbally aggressive, and
anger-prone people.
• More prone to heart attacks and other
stress related illnesses.
Type B
• A term for easygoing, relaxed people.
The End
Teacher Information
• Types of Files
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• Animation
– Once again, to insure compatibility with all versions of Powerpoint, none
of the slides are animated. To increase student interest, it is suggested
teachers animate the slides wherever possible.
• Adding slides to this presentation
– Teachers are encouraged to adapt this presentation to their personal
teaching style. To help keep a sense of continuity, blank slides which
can be copied and pasted to a specific location in the presentation follow
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Teacher Information
• Domain Coding
– Just as the textbook is organized around the APA National Standards,
these Powerpoints are coded to those same standards. Included at the
top of almost every slide is a small stripe, color coded to the APA
National Standards.
• Scientific Inquiry Domain
• Biopsychology Domain
• Development and Learning Domain
• Social Context Domain
• Cognition Domain
• Individual Variation Domain
• Applications of Psychological Science Domain
• Key Terms and Definitions in Red
– To emphasize their importance, all key terms from the text and their
definitions are printed in red. To maintain consistency, the definitions on
the Powerpoint slides are identical to those in the textbook.
Teacher Information
• Hyperlink Slides - Immediately after the unit title slide, a page (usually
slide #4 or #5) can be found listing all of the module’s subsections. While in
slide show mode, clicking on any of these hyperlinks will take the user
directly to the beginning of that subsection. This allows teachers quick
access to each subsection.
• Continuity slides - Throughout this presentations there are slides,
usually of graphics or tables, that build on one another. These are included
for three purposes.
• By presenting information in small chunks, students will find it easier to process and
remember the concepts.
• By continually changing slides, students will stay interested in the presentation.
• To facilitate class discussion and critical thinking. Students should be encouraged to
think about “what might come next” in the series of slides.
• Please feel free to contact me at korek@germantown.k12.wi.us with any
questions, concerns, suggestions, etc. regarding these presentations.
Kent Korek
Germantown High School
Germantown, WI 53022
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