Educational Psychology:
Theory and Practice
Chapter 12
Learners with Exceptionalities
Scenario
Pleasantville
“…our philosophy is
that every child can
learn, and it is our
job to find out how
to reach each one.”
(p. 363)
Learners With Exceptionalities
What’s in a Label?
“…any individuals whose physical,
mental, or behavioral performance is so
different from the norm--either higher or
lower--that additional services are
needed to meet the individuals’ needs.”
(p. 365)
Learners With Exceptionalities
 Students
with Mental Retardation
– Intelligence Quotient
– Adaptive Functioning
– Classifications
True or False
Individuals who have an IQ
____________________________
___________________________.
Learners With Exceptionalities:
Classifications of Mental Retardation
Mild
50-75
Educable
55-70
Moderate
35-55
Trainable
40-55
Severe
20-40
Custodial
Below 50
Profound
Below 25
Distribution of Intelligence Scores
34.13%
Percentage
of Population
0.13%
34.13%
13.59%
13.59%
2.14%
2.14%
+1
+2 +3
0.13%
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
+4
40
55
70
85
100 115 130 145 160 IQ
SD
True or False
The sharp increase in cases of
learning disabilities
____________________________
___________________________.
Learners With Exceptionalities
 Students
with Learning Disabilities
– Definition varies widely
 Diagnostics
have improved in some areas
 Definition has become more broad
– Characteristics
 Unexpected
problems in specific academic
areas
 Motor involvement
 Not due to mental retardation
True or False
Children who are diagnosed as
hyperactive
____________________________
___________________________.
True or False
Students with attention deficit
hyperactive disorder
____________________________
____________________________
___________________________.
Learners With Exceptionalities
 Attention
Deficit Disorder
 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
– Characteristics
– Treatment
– Treatment outcomes
– Possible causes
True or False
Behaviors such as frequent throat
clearing, inappropriate touching,
and sarcastic comments in class
____________________________
___________________________.
Learners With Exceptionalities
 Tourette’s
Syndrome
– Characteristics
– Treatment
– Complicating factors
True or False
The most common
____________________________
___________________________.
Learners With Exceptionalities
 Students
with Communication Disorders
– Speech Disorders
 Articulation
 Stuttering
 Cluttering
– Language Disorders
 Expressive
Language Disorders
 Receptive Language Disorders
Learners With Exceptionalities
 Students
with Sensory, Physical, and
Health Impairments
– Vision Loss
– Hearing Loss
– Cerebral Palsy
– Seizure Disorders
True or False
Most individuals who are legally
blind
____________________________
___________________________.
True or False
Cerebral Palsy is
____________________________
___________________________.
True or False
If a child with a history of seizures
appears to show a loss of
consciousness accompanied by
shaking, jerking motions
____________________________
___________________________.
True or False
Under the law, children with
disabilities
____________________________
___________________________.
Special Education: Legislation
Time-Line
 1975
 1986
 1990
 1997
 2003
Public Law 94-142
Public Law 99-457
IDEA
IDEA 97
IDEA H.R. 1350???
Least Restrictive Environment
General Education
Class
Resource Room
Separate Class
Separate
School
True or False
Mainstreaming appears to be
____________________________
___________________________.