Historical Context:
The Crusades and Colonialism
Or, how the Arabs came
to resent the West!
February 1, 2000
History of Civilization
Mr. Geib
Why the Crusades Began
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Crusades from 1096 to 1270.
Pope Urban II starts them.
Christians wanted to help the
Byzantine Empire keep land
safe from the Seljuk Turks.
To free the Holy Land from
the Muslim infidels in order to
make it safe for Christian
pilgrims.
Europeans who fought in the
Crusades were called
“Crusaders.”
Pope calls Christians to
invade Middle East.
The First Crusade
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Crusaders travel to and
conquer Nicaea, the Seljuk
capital.
Crusaders established states in
ME, small communities like
feudal kingdoms in Europe.
In 1099, the crusaders reached
Jerusalem and killed all the
Muslims and Jews that lived
there.
The Crusaders made
Jerusalem a capital of a
crusader state.
The Crusaders built large
castles which kept their land
safe from Muslim armies.
The Third Crusade
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During the Second Crusade, the
leader of the Muslim forces
named Saladin, recaptures
Jerusalem.
Pope Gregory VIII began the
Third Crusade, which was called
the “Crusade of Kings.”
Saladin vs. King Richard.
Five year treaty signed.
Europeans depart Middle East
and Crusades end.
King Richard the
“Lionhearted”
Byzantium
“Entry of the Crusaders into
Constantinople on 12 April 1204”
by Eugene Delacroix
detail
detail
detail
detail
The Result of the Crusades:
Muslims’ Suspicion and
Resentment Towards the
West as a Result of the
Crusades
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Arabs see “West” invading and interfering in their lands, causing
death and hardship.
Arabs see western power and ways as a threat to them
economically and culturally.
Arabs believe the honor, culture and religion suffers when they are
influenced by Western ways.
The unity between the Arabs is caused by distrust, hostility, and
hatred towards the west.
All Arabs hate the memory of the Crusades.
Napoleon & France
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In 1798, Napoleon occupied
Cairo.
Modernized Egypt.
Tries to introduce technology,
but Egyptians resent Western
advancement.
The French are forced to
surrender.
His three year attempt left a
major psychological affect .
Versailles Peace
Conference
World War I
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Arabs Revolt Against Ottomans
British take over Egypt in 1882.
Egypt became a Protectorate of the British Empire.
Lawrence of Arabia convinces Arabs to revolt against the
Ottomans.
Europe makes borders for Middle East after WWI.
In 1922 the Protectorate ended and Egypt became an
independent state.
The British still controlled
government institutions and the
Suez Canal.
 Arabs resentful of outsiders.
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Zionism
State of Israel Founded
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Zionism and Theodor Herzel
Zionists and British
government.
Immigration to Palestine.
Rebellion against the
British
Balfour Declaration over
ruled.
Nation of Israel proclaimed in
1947.
THE END!