Chapter 11
Preventing
Diseases
Lesson 1
What Causes Disease?
Click for:
>> Main Menu
>> Chapter 11 Assessment
Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation.
Next >>
Essential Question:
Why is it important to remain germ free?
Enduring Understanding: Students will understand that
pathogens are spread through direct contact, indirect
contact, through impure food or unclean water, and
contact with animals or insects.
DO NOW
What can you do to remain germ free at school and away?
protozoa
 Noncommunicable
diseases
fungi
Single-celled organisms that have a
nucleus
Diseases that do not spread
Primitive single- or many-celled organisms that
cannot make their own food
In this lesson, you will learn to
 identify the two main types of disease.
 recognize four common disease-causing organisms.
 describe how germs spread.
Analyzing a Graphic
Create a concept map
that shows how germs can
be spread.
Use this diagram as a guide.
Germs
What Is a Disease?
The science of fighting disease has come along way
in the past hundred years.
disease A condition that affects the proper
functioning of the body or mind
Types of Diseases
The two basic categories of diseases are:
Communicable diseases
Noncommunicable disease
communicable diseases Diseases that can be spread.
Example : Cold, Flu, Fever.
noncommunicable diseases Diseases that do not spread.
Example: Diabetes, Cancer, Heart Disease.
Germs that Cause Disease
Pathogen is the scientific name for germ.
pathogen A microscopic organism that causes
communicable diseases
Four Classes of Pathogens
Viruses
Bacteria
Protozoa
Fungi
Germs that Cause Disease
Some viruses are harmless and some cause
diseases.
viruses Tiny, nonliving particles that invade and
take over healthy cells
The common cold, the flu, the measles, and AIDS
are examples of diseases caused by viruses.
Germs that Cause Disease
Bacteria is everywhere.
bacteria Extremely small single-celled
organisms with no cell nucleus
Strep throat, Lyme disease, and tooth decay are
examples of disease caused by bacteria.
Germs that Cause Disease
Protozoa can be harmless, but some strains can
cause serious disease.
protozoa Single-celled organisms that
have a nucleus
Malaria is an example of a disease caused by
protozoa.
Germs that Cause Disease
Fungi survive by breaking down other living
organisms and absorbing their nutrients.
fungi Primitive single- or many-celled organisms
that cannot make their own food
Some strains of fungi, such as molds, athlete’s foot
and ringworm.
How Germs Are Spread
Direct
Contact
(shaking hands)
Eating or Drinking
Contaminated
Food or Water
Germ
Indirect
Contact
(sneezing)
Contact with
Animals or
Insects
Video Activity
1.
What is the number 1 rule to follow in order to
remain germ free?
2.
What are the other 4 rules to consider as well to
remain germ free?
3.
Does fitness might help you to prevent against
disease? Why?
4.
What is the percentage that you have to get sick
if you follow all these rules according to the
video?
Lesson 1 Review
What I Learned
Vocabulary Define pathogen. Use the word in a
sentence.
Lesson 1 Review
What I Learned
Recall Name a disease caused by a fungus.
Lesson 1 Review
What I Learned
Identify Name four common disease-causing organisms.
Lesson 1 Review
Thinking Critically
Explain What is the difference between a communicable
disease and a noncommunicable disease?
Lesson 1 Review
Thinking Critically
Apply Should you take a bite of a friend’s sandwich if
you had seen him or her coughing and sneezing earlier
in class?
Chapter 11
Preventing
Diseases
Lesson 2
Communicable Diseases
Click for:
>> Main Menu
>> Chapter 11 Assessment
Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation.
Next >>
DO NOW
Vocabulary
Contagious
Immune
System
Strep Throat
Hepatitis
Vaccine
Meaning of the
Word
A phrase using the A picture that represents
Word
the word or phrase
Activity: MOVE YOUR BODY.
1. Why is it important to remain germ-free? Provide examples
(3) to support your answer.
2. Provide (2) examples for communicable and (2) examples for
noncommunicable disease.
3. How germs can be spread?
Essential Question:
How can I protect myself from disease?
Enduring Understanding:
Communicable diseases can be prevented with good hygiene
practices and vaccines.
In this lesson, you will learn to
 recognize ways pathogens are spread.
 identify common communicable diseases.
 demonstrate healthful behaviors that limit the spread of pathogens.
Common Communicable Diseases
When symptoms of a cold first appear, you are
contagious.
contagious Spreading a virus to others
by direct or indirect contact
The cold is the most common communicable
disease.
Common Communicable Diseases
Symptoms of influenza, or “the flu,” include
high fever and joint and muscle aches.
Hepatitis
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver, caused by a virus or a toxin and
characterized by jaundice, liver enlargement, and fever.
Disease
Symptoms
Treatment
Hepatitis A, B, and C
Weakness, fatigue, nausea,
vomiting, fever, yellowing of eyes,
abdominal pain, dark urine
Rest, healthful food choices
(medication for Types B and C)
Strep Throat
Strep throat
It is a bacterial throat infection that can make your throat
feel sore and scratchy.
Disease
Symptoms
Treatment
Strep throat
Sore throat, fever, chills, body
aches, loss of appetite, nausea,
vomiting, swollen tonsils or glands
Antibiotics, soft foods, liquids,
gargling with salt water
Keep it to Yourself
When you have a cold, take action to prevent spreading
your cold to others. Be careful to cover your mouth and
nose when you cough or sneeze. Avoid sharing cups,
utensils, or other personal items.
Your Body’s Defenses
In a typical day, your body is exposed to millions
of germs.
You aren’t sick all the time because your body is
protected by its own defense system.
Keeping Pathogens Out
The Body’s Five Major Barriers to Block Pathogens
Tears
Saliva
Mucous
Membranes
Skin
Stomach Acid
Your Body’s First Line of Defense
Skin
Body
Fluids
Mucous
Membranes
Pyrogen
Pyrogen
Skin
Body
Mucous
Fluids
Membranes
• A
Your
Tears
Tissues
chemical
skin
and
that
issaliva
that
like
linecauses
athe
act
wall
as
inside
around
a barrier.
raise
of your
your
in blood
mouth,
innertemperature
organs.
throat, nose
soand
that
eyes act
germs
have
as barriers.
a hard time surviving.
• Fights
These infection.
are sticky fluids that trap and destroy germs.
infection The result of pathogens or germs invading the body,
multiplying, and harming some of your body’s cells
Your Immune System
Your immune system is your second line of
defense.
immune system A group of cells, tissues,
and organs that fight disease
Your Immune System
Some lymphocytes attack pathogens directly while
others produce antibodies.
lymphocyte A white blood cell that attacks
pathogens or harmful germs
antibodies Chemicals produced specifically to
fight a particular invading substance
Your Immune System
Antibodies recognize germs that reenter the body
and will attack and destroy them.
This is called immunity.
immunity Resistance to infection
Preventing Communicable Diseases
Steer clear of
people who you
know are sick.
Get in the habit
of washing your
hands regularly.
Get enough rest,
eat healthy foods,
and exercise.
Preventing Communicable Diseases
A vaccine triggers the immune system to make
antibodies to fight the pathogen.
vaccine A dead or weakened pathogen
introduced into your body
Preventing Communicable Diseases
Vaccine
The Disease It Protects Against
Hep B
Hepatitis B
DTaP
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough)
Hib
Disease caused by Hemophilus influenza type B (Hib) bacteria
IPV
Poliomyelitis
PVC
Diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria
MMR
Measles, mumps, rubella
Varicella
Chicken pox
Hep A
Hepatitis A
Vocabulary
Contagious
Immune
System
Strep Throat
Hepatitis
Vaccine
Meaning of the Word
A phrase using the Word
Lesson 2 Review
What I Learned
Describe What is the most common communicable
disease? Name some other common communicable
diseases.
Lesson 2 Review
What I Learned
Vocabulary Define antibodies, and use it in
a sentence.
Lesson 2 Review
What I Learned
List Name a disease that can be prevented with
a vaccine.
Lesson 2 Review
Thinking Critically
Apply Why should you avoid sharing an ice cream
cone with a friend who has a cold?
Lesson 2 Review
Thinking Critically
Analyze How does handwashing help protect the
health of your school and community?
Chapter 11
Preventing
Diseases
Lesson 4
Noncommunicable and
Hereditary Diseases
Click for:
>> Main Menu
>> Chapter 11 Assessment
Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation.
Next >>
Essential Question:
How can I protect myself from disease?
Enduring Understanding: students will understand that
to avoid diseases like cancer and diabetes, you should avoid
tobacco, protect yourself from the sun’s UV rays and maintain
an active, healthful lifestyle.
DO NOW
1. What different ways can pathogens be spread?
2. What is the most common communicable
disease?
3. Identify at least three different barriers (line of
defense) that your body uses to block
pathogens.
 chronic
Long-lasting
 cancer
A disease caused by abnormal cells that grow
out of control
 allergy
The body’s sensitivity to certain
substances
Heart disease
Heart disease is a range of diseases that affect
your heart.
asthma
A chronic disease in which the airways become irritated and
swollen.
diabetes
A disease that prevents the body from using the sugars and
starches in food for energy
In this lesson, you will learn to
 identify causes of various noncommunicable diseases.
 develop behaviors to keep your heart healthy.
 identify ways to help prevent diseases like cancer and diabetes.
What Causes Noncommunicable Diseases?
Poor Health
Habits
A Person’s
Environment
Effects of a
Communicable
Disease
Heredity
Present at
Birth
Heart Disease
Heart disease is the number one cause of death in
the United States and is an example of a chronic
disease.
chronic Long-lasting
Heart disease
heart.
Diseases that affect your
Common causes of heart disease include the
narrowing or blocking of blood vessels and high
blood pressure.
Healthy Habits for your Heart
Stay Physically
Active
Maintain a
Healthy Weight
Learn to
Manage Stress
Eat Foods High
in Fiber and
Low in Salt, Fat,
and Cholesterol
Don’t Use
Tobacco
Products
Treating Heart Disease
There are medications that widen blood vessels,
lower blood pressure, and control the heartbeat.
For more serious problems, heart disease is treated
with surgery.
Cancer
Cancer starts out as a tumor.
cancer A disease caused by abnormal cells that grow out of control
tumor A mass of abnormal cells
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the
United States.
Cancer
Some tumors are noncancerous, or benign.
Tumors that are cancerous are call malignant.
Cancer
Causes of Cancer
Heredity
Exposure to
Cancer-Causing
Substances
Poor Health
Choices
Smoking accounts for at least 30% of all cancer deaths.
Cancer
Avoiding Cancer
Eat Well
Stay Active
Use Sunscreen
Don’t use
tobacco or drugs
Treating Cancer
Seven Cancer
Warning Signs
C
Changes in bowel or bladder habits
A
A sore that does not heal
U
Unusual bleeding or discharge
T
Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
I
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O
Obvious changes in a wart or mole
N
Nagging cough or hoarseness
Treating Cancer
Ways of Treating Cancer
Surgery
Radiation
Before the cancer has spread
Chemotherapy
Biologic
Therapies
After the cancer has spread
Allergies
If you sneeze when you are around cats, you may
have an allergy.
allergy The body’s sensitivity to certain substances
A substance that causes an allergic reaction is called
an allergen.
Asthma
Asthma is a health problem related to allergies.
asthma A chronic disease in which the airways
become irritated and swollen
During an asthma attack, the small airways of the
lungs become coated with a thick mucous.
Asthma
Asthma Triggers
Allergens
Physical
Activity
Cold or
Damp Air
Cigarette Smoke
and Other Sources
of Air Pollution
Treatment
Minor asthma attacks includes inhaling medication to relax the airways.
Severe attacks may require a hospital visit.
Diabetes
Diabetes is caused when the body doesn’t produce
enough insulin.
diabetes A disease that prevents the body from using the
sugars and starches in food for energy
insulin A hormone produced by the pancreas
Diabetes
Types of Diabetes
Type 1
Diabetes
Type 2
Diabetes
Symptoms of Diabetes
Increased thirst
Frequent urine production
The body does
not produce
insulin at all.
The body makes
insulin but is
unable to use
it efficiently.
Lack of energy
Blurred vision
Analyzing the GRAPH.
Percentage of Obese Children and Teens Over a 40-year Time Period
Diabetes in Young People
The increase in obesity is related to the increase in
type 2 diabetes in young people.
Type 2 diabetes used to occur mainly in adults.
Treatment of Diabetes
Treatments for diabetes include:
Monitoring blood sugar levels
Taking insulin
Exercising regularly
Watching weight
Developing a good meal plan
Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hOW7FTLcFkI&
feature=related
Lesson 4 Review
What I Learned
Vocabulary What is chronic disease?
Lesson 4 Review
What I Learned
Identify Name a noncommunicable disease triggered
by an allergen.
Lesson 4 Review
What I Learned
Describe What are some ways of preventing cancer?
Lesson 4 Review
Thinking Critically
Synthesize Name some ways to keep your heart
healthy and lessen the risks of heart disease.
Lesson 4 Review
Thinking Critically
Compare How are allergies and asthma similar?
How are they different?
Chapter 3
Healthy
Relationships
Lesson 1
Communication Skills
Click for:
>> Main Menu
>> Chapter 3 Assessment
Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation.
Next >>
DO NOW
Directions: Write these words down:
1. What_____________________?
2. When_____________________?
3. Where_____________________?
4. Why______________________?
• Create the question related to previous information learned in
previous classes.
• Ask the question.
• Write down the other student’s answer.
• Answer his question.
• Find another student
Essential Question:
How can my interpersonal behaviors affect my health positively or
negatively?
Enduring Understanding:
• Students will understand that family values and responsibility
shape their lives.
• Family relationships and values are important in making healthy
choices.
• Successful communication is at the root of healthy relationships.
 communication The sharing of thoughts and feelings between
two or more people
 body language Facial expressions, eye contact, gestures,
and posture
In this lesson, you will learn to
 explain different ways people communicate.
 describe how you can be a better speaker and listener.
 identify the three styles of communication.
 develop skills to communicate safely online.
Organizing Information
Headings in this Lesson:
Write the major and minor
• What is Communication?
headings from this lesson
• Different Ways to Communicate
onto a sheet of paper. Write
• Using Good Communication Skills
a sentence that summarizes
the ideas of each heading.
• Communication Styles
What Is Communication?
Successful communication is at the root of healthy
relationships.
communication The sharing of thoughts and feelings
between two or more people
relationship A connection you have with another
person or group
What Is Communication?
Person
Messages
Person
When you communicate, you send or receive messages. Both the sender of the
message and the receiver should have good communication skills.
Different Ways to Communicate
The main way people communicate is
through language.
Another way to communicate is through
body language.
body language Facial expressions, eye contact,
gestures, and posture
Different Ways to Communicate
Different ways to communicate include:
Face-to-face
Written messages
Telephone
E-mail
Text messaging
Sign language
Different Ways to Communicate
There are advantages and disadvantages to
different kinds of communication.
When talking on the telephone or sending e-mail,
visual clues such as facial expressions are absent.
Using Good Communication Skills
Outbound (“Sending”)
Inbound (“Receiving”)
 Think, then speak
 Listen actively
 Use “I” messages
 Ask questions
 Make clear, simple statements
 Mirror thoughts and feelings
 Be honest with your thoughts
and feelings
 Use appropriate body language
 Use appropriate body language
 Wait your turn
Communication Styles
An aggressive communicator might say
something rude.
A shy (passive) communicator may say
nothing at all.
An assertive communicator isn’t shy or
aggressive about expressing him or herself.
Safety Online
Make sure that a parent or guardian gives you
permission to communicate with others online.
Never give out information about yourself or your family.
Stay out of unsupervised chat rooms.
Never agree to meet anyone in person.
If an online conversation makes you feel uncomfortable,
exit and tell a parent or other adult.
Chapter 3
Healthy
Relationships
Lesson 3
Your Friends and Peers
Click for:
>> Main Menu
>> Chapter 3 Assessment
Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation.
Next >>
Essential Question:
Enduring Understanding:
Students will understand that choosing friends who have positive
values and attitudes is important to a
healthy peer relationship.
 peer pressure
The influence that people your age may
have on you
empathy The ability to identify and share another person’s feelings
In this lesson, you will learn to
 identify the qualities of a good friend.
 recognize character traits found in friends.
 understand the two kinds of peer pressure.
Organizing Information
Make two lists. One should
contain the positive
character traits of good
friends. The second should
contain the ways peers can
be negative influences.
Positive traits of
friends
Ways peers can
be negative
influences
Who Are Your Friends?
A friendship is an important
relationship.
friendship A special type of
relationship between
people who enjoy being
together
Who Are Your Friends?
Tips for Making Friends
Get to know
yourself
Break the
ice
Join a club
or group
Offer a
helping hand
Character Traits of Good Friends
Good friends have the following character traits:
Reliable
reliable Dependable
Loyal
loyal Faithful
Empathy
empathy The ability to identify and
share another person’s feelings
Building Strong Friendships
You can build stronger friendships through
cooperation.
cooperation Working together for the common good
Another way of making friendships stronger is
through mutual respect and support.
Peer Pressure
Peers can give you support and confidence during
your transition to adulthood.
peers Friends and other people in your age group
Positive Peer Pressure
Positive peer pressure can influence healthful
choices and inspire you to improve yourself or do
something worthwhile.
peer pressure The influence that people your age
may have on you
Positive Peer Pressure
Positive peer pressure can inspire you to improve
yourself or do something worthwhile.
Inspiring you to improve your health and
appearance, or to perform well on a team, are
ways to be positive influences.
Negative Peer Pressure
Daring someone to behave in a dangerous or
illegal way is an example of negative peer
pressure.
A challenge to go against your beliefs or values is
another example of negative peer pressure.
Chapter 3
Healthy
Relationships
Lesson 3
Your Friends and Peers
Click for:
>> Main Menu
>> Chapter 3 Assessment
Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation.
Next >>
DO NOW
A. Provide at least 2 safe advises for someone who is underage
and likes to navigate online (facebook, twitter, chat rooms,
and so on).
B. Draw a picture that represents one way to effectively
communicate with someone.
In this lesson, you will learn to
 recognize different types of family units.
 identify your role within your family.
 explain how family members care for each other.
 develop effective communication skills for family meetings.
Organizing Information
Make two lists. One list
should contain types of
family units. The other
should list roles people play
within a family.
Types of
Family Units
Roles People
Play
Family Relationships
A family includes two or more
people brought together by
blood, marriage, adoption, or a
desire for mutual support.
family The basic unit of society
Family types include:
Couple
Nuclear family: Two parents and
one or more children
Foster family
Extended family: A nuclear
Adoptive family
family plus other relatives such as
grandparents
Joint-custody family
Single-parent family: One
parent and one or more children
Single-parent family
Blended family: Two people, one
or both with children from previous
marriages
Single-custody family
Roles and Responsibilities in the Family
Parents are responsible for making sure the basic
needs of the family are met and encouraging good
communication and health.
Children are responsible for some household chores
and showing appreciation.
Building Strong Families
The main job of any family is to nurture the needs of
its members.
nurture To fulfill physical, mental/emotional,
and social needs
Teaching Character
One of the biggest responsibilities parents have is to
help their children develop good character. They do this
through their words and actions.
Coping with Family Changes
Two difficult changes in the family are separation
and divorce.
Children are never the cause of separations or
divorce.
Coping with Family Changes
Among the hardest changes to cope with is the
death of a family member.
Expressing your feelings is an effective
communication strategy for managing grief caused
by disappointment, separation, or loss.
Serious Family Problems
Abuse is a serious problem that can have longlasting effects on all family members.
abuse A pattern of mistreatment
of another person
Serious Family Problems
Types of abuse include:
Physical abuse
Sexual abuse
Neglect
physical abuse The use of physical force
sexual abuse Any mistreatment of a child or
adult involving sexual activity
neglect The failure of parents to provide their children
with basic physical and emotional care and
protection
Help for Troubled Families
Seek help by speaking with an adult you can trust
such as a teacher or school counselor.
Social workers are professionals trained to help
families with problems.
Help for Troubled Families
Crisis
Intervention
Hotlines
Social
Workers
Religious
Leaders
Crises
Centers
Sources of
Help
School
Counselors
Doctors
Chapter 8
Growth and
Development
Lesson 1
Adolescence: A Time
of Change
Click for:
>> Main Menu
>> Chapter 8 Assessment
Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation.
Next >>
DO NOW
 Write down 3 things that you learned with
the videos last class.
Essential Question:
What changes can I expect during the adolescence years?
How might my thoughts about myself and others change during
adolescence?
Enduring Understanding: students will understand that
Adolescence brings about social, mental/emotional, and physical
changes, many of these caused by hormones.
 adolescence
The period between childhood and adulthood
 puberty
The time when you start developing the
physical characteristics of adults of your gender
In this lesson, you will learn to
 describe three kinds of changes you go through during the
teen years.
 identify the structure and function of the endocrine system.
 analyze how a teen is influenced by peers.
Organizing Information
Divide a sheet of paper into three columns. Name each
column for one of the sides of the health triangle. Write two
changes that occur on each side.
Changes During Adolescence
Differences in how younger or
older teens may look are caused
by adolescence.
adolescence The period between
childhood and adulthood
Mood swings are a normal part of adolescence.
Changes During Adolescence
Hormones are produced in the endocrine system.
endocrine system A body system containing glands that
regulate growth and other important activities
Changes During Adolescence
These glands make up the endocrine system:
Pituitary
Thyroid
Adrenal
Pancreas
Ovaries /
Testes
Physical Changes
Physical changes that occur during puberty include
the growth of body hair and increased sweating, or
perspiration.
puberty The time when you start developing the physical
characteristics of adults of your gender
Mental/Emotional Changes
Changes in hormones can affect your feelings as
well as your thoughts.
You may experience mood swings.
Social Changes
Adolescence brings more responsibility.
As your friends become more important, choose
friends that will support you and influence you in a
positive way.
Lesson 1 Review
What I Learned
Vocabulary Define endocrine system.
Lesson 1 Review
What I Learned
Recall Name two physical changes that occur during
puberty.
Lesson 1 Review
What I Learned
Identify What are some social changes that occur
during adolescence?
Lesson 1 Review
Thinking Critically
Apply Richard feels funny about his voice changing.
What advice might you give him to make him feel less
awkward?
Lesson 1 Review
Thinking Critically
Evaluate How do you think the changes you
experience during puberty help you prepare
for adulthood?
Chapter 8
Growth and
Development
Lesson 2
Human Reproduction
Click for:
>> Main Menu
>> Chapter 8 Assessment
Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation.
Next >>
 reproductive system The body system that makes it possible
to create offspring
In this lesson, you will learn to
 identify the parts and functions of the male and female
reproductive systems.
 explain how to care for the reproductive system.
Comparing and Contrasting
As you go through this lesson, compare the female and
male reproductive systems. How are they similar?
How are they different?
Human Reproduction
The male reproductive system is different
than the female reproductive system.
reproductive system The body system that makes it
possible to create offspring
The Female Reproductive System
The two main functions of the female
reproductive system are:
Storing egg cells
To reproduce
egg cell The female reproductive cell
The Female Reproductive System
The process of reproduction begins when the egg
cell joins with a male reproductive cell.
The ovaries are the two female reproductive glands
that store the egg cells.
The Female Reproductive System
After fertilization, an egg will travel to the uterus,
the organ in which the baby will develop.
fertilization The joining of a female egg with a male
reproductive cell
The Female Reproductive System
Menstruation is often referred to as a “period.”
menstruation Blood, tissue, and the unfertilized eggs
flow out of the body
The Male Reproductive System
Sperm cells are made inside the testes.
sperm The male reproductive cells
The testes begin making sperm cells during
puberty.
Chapter 11
Preventing
Diseases
Lesson 3
Understanding STDs
Click for:
>> Main Menu
>> Chapter 11 Assessment
Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation.
Next >>
 Essential Question
What is HIV and how does it leads to AIDS?
 Enduring Understanding
HIV/AIDS is only one of many sexually transmitted infections that
are avoidable
 sexually
Communicable diseases spread from one
transmitted
diseases (STDs) person to another through sexual activity
 HIV
A virus that causes AIDS
 AIDS
A condition characterized by life-ending
infections and a T-cell count under 200
 abstinence
Not participating in high-risk behaviors
In this lesson, you will learn to
 identify common STDs.
 describe how HIV and other STDs are spread.
 access current information on HIV and AIDS.
 explain how to protect yourself from STDs.
HIV
Organizing Information
There are many myths and
facts about the spread of HIV.
As you read, keep a list of
both in your notebook.
Myths
Facts
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Anyone who is sexually active can get sexually
transmitted diseases (STDs).
sexually transmitted Communicable diseases spread from one
diseases (STDs)
person to another through sexual activity
Another name for STDs is STIs (sexually transmitted
infections).
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
STDs can cause:
Damage to menstrual health
Damage to the reproductive
system
An inability to have children
Death
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
STD
Common Symptoms
Chlamydia
Pain or burning feeling during urination; unusual discharge from penis or
vagina; often has no symptoms but can still be spread
Gonorrhea
Pain or burning during urination; unusual discharge from penis or vagina;
abdominal pain; sometimes has no symptoms but can still be spread
Syphilis
Red, wet, painless sores at place where virus enters body, followed by rash and
flu-like symptoms; can lead to brain damage and other serious health problems,
especially in infants
Genital warts
Small pink or red bumps in genital area; can increase risk of certain cancers
in women
Genital herpes
Itching or pain followed by painful, itchy sores in genital area; symptoms come
and go, but virus is still present and able to spread
Hepatitis B
Weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, fever, yellowing of eyes, abdominal pain,
dark urine
HIV and AIDS
HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus.
HIV The virus that causes AIDS
The HIV virus replaces a T-cell’s genetic information
with its own and then multiplies. This compromises
the body’s ability to fight pathogens.
HIV and AIDS
When the T-cell count drops so low that the immune
system can no longer protect the body, AIDS, or
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome develops.
AIDS A condition characterized by life-ending
infections and a T-cell count under 200
Drugs can delay the onset of AIDS, but there is
no cure.
How HIV Spreads
HIV is spread through the following bodily fluids:
Semen
Fluid from the vagina
Blood
Breast milk
How HIV Spreads
HIV is spread from person-to-person:
Through sexual contact
Sharing needles
When an infected mother passes it on to her
developing baby
1
2
HIV enters the
bloodstream.
3
As the virus multiplies,
more and more
lymphocytes are
destroyed. The immune
system gets weaker
and weaker.
HIV
T-cell
4
Dead T-cell
The virus attacks
and damages T-cell
lymphocytes. These
cells are an important
part of the immune
system.
Death occurs when
the immune system
is too weak to fight off
infections that a
healthy immune
system could easily
resist.
Pathogen
How HIV Spreads
You cannot get HIV from:
The air
Mosquito bites
Sweat or tears
Touching objects
Shaking hands or hugging
Treatment for People with HIV and AIDS
Medical technology has slowed down the effects of
HIV and allow infected people to live longer.
There is no cure for HIV or AIDS.
Detecting HIV
People with HIV often show no symptoms for a long
time, but the virus can still be passed on to others.
Laboratory tests are the only way of knowing if a
person has HIV.
Preventing HIV and STDs
You can avoid HIV and STDs by:
Choosing abstinence
Not sharing needles
Saying no to alcohol and drugs
abstinence Not participating in high-risk behaviors
Getting Help
The most difficult step in getting help is talking to a
parent or trusted adult, but this is a necessary step
because an untreated STD can cause permanent
damage to your health.
Chapter 3
Healthy
Relationships
Lesson 4
Refusal Skills
Click for:
>> Main Menu
>> Chapter 3 Assessment
Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation.
Next >>
Essential Question:
How can my interpersonal behaviors affect my health positively or
negatively?
Enduring Understanding:
Abstinence from drugs and sexual activity can help teens focus on
fulfilling
their dreams and goals.
 refusal skills
Ways of saying no
In this lesson, you will learn to
 identify how to use refusal skills to resist peer pressure.
 demonstrate refusal skills to resist negative peer pressure.
 explain the importance of abstinence during the teen years.
Identifying Problems and Solutions
After this lesson, give examples of peer pressure.
Tell how you might say no in each situation.
What Are Refusal Skills?
When peer pressure builds, use refusal skills to
avoid potentially harmful situations.
refusal skills Ways of saying no
What Are Refusal Skills?
s
T
O
P
Say no in a firm voice.
Tell why not.
Offer other ideas.
Promptly leave.
What Is Abstinence?
Abstinence protects your health and the health
of others.
abstinence Not participating in health-risk
behaviors
Abstinence shows you have self-control.
What Is Abstinence?
Abstaining from
tobacco use…
Protects your lungs and heart.
Abstaining from
alcohol and other drugs…
Protects your body and mind.
Abstaining from
sexual activity…
Protects you against pregnancy and
sexually transmitted diseases.