SKELETAL SYSTEM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRI3MxWJ
7tY
http://www.abcya.com/skeletal_system.htm
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Objective: By the end of the lesson students will be able to list (3)
bones in the body, as well as explain (2) functions of the skeletal
system.
Fun Questions
• How many bones are in the
human body?
• What is the largest bone in
your body?
Key Point:
The skeletal system
consists of 206 bones
and connective tissue!
Have You Ever??
• Broken a bone?? 1 minute share with the person sitting
behind/in front of you!
Who is he? What’s
his story?
5 Main Functions
• 1. Provides support for the body
• 2. Protects internal organs from
damage.
• 3. Acts as framework for attached
muscles.
• 4. Production of red and white blood
cells
• 5. Allows movement of limbs
2 main parts of skeletal system
• 1. Axial
• Center of skeleton
• Ribs, sternum, skull, and spine
• 2. Appendicular
• All the limbs outside the axial
skeleton
Types of Skeletons
TYPES OF SKELETONS
Bone Types
– primarily used to support weight.
• Examples legs, arms, fingers (phalanges)
• LONG
Bone Types
• SHORT – support weight and allow small movements.
• Examples
ankles and wrists
Bone Types
• FLAT – for protection and support.
• Examples ribs, shoulder blades
(SCAPULA), breastbone (STERNUM)
Bone Types
• IRREGULAR BONES – protection of nervous tissue
• Examples  Vertebrae (backbone) protect spinal cord, mandible
(jaw), sacrum
Anatomy of a Long Bone
• 1. Diaphysis – Shaft of bone
• 2. Epiphysis – ends of the
bone
Long bone picture
2 Layers of Bone
• 1. Periosteum – Outer layer
• Dense, thick, and hard
• 2. Endosteum – Inner layer
• Less dense bone that is sponge like.
JOINTS
Defined: Points at which bones meet
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCCD52Pty4A
http://www.sportmed.mb.ca/uploads/pdfs/What%20we%20knew%20-%20What%20we%20know.pdf
statistics
- Slightly moveable –
vertebra and ribs
Types of Joints
• 1. Joint – a location in the body where two or
more bones meet to enable movement.
• 2. Ball and Socket Joint
• Enables wide range of motion
• Example – shoulder and hip
• 3. Hinge Joint
• Lesser range of motion than ball and socket
• Example elbow and knee
• 4. Pivot Joint
• Enables rotation of head and forearm
Ball and Socket Joint
Hinge Joint
Pivot Joint
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
There are 3 types of connective tissue:
1. Cartilage – strong, flexible cushion between the bones
(knees, hips, etc.)
Connective Tissue
2.
Ligaments – attach bone to bone
http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=kNvtEMTF6YE
3 Types of Connective Tissue
• 3. Tendon – fibrous cord that attaches MUSCLE
to BONE!
• Achilles tendon in back of your foot
http://bleacherreport.com/articles/172
9646-a-closer-look-at-the-aclas-tears-continue-to-run-rampantin-the-nfl
Problems of Skeletal System
• Fracture – any type of break in the
bone
• 1. Hairline Fracture – parts of the
bone do not separate
Problems of Skeletal System
•2. Transverse Fracture –
when the break is
completely across the bone
Problems of Skeletal System
•3. Comminuted Fracture –
bone shatters in more than 2
pieces
•4. Compound Fracture –
break in bone punctures
the skin
Problems of Skeletal System
• 4. Osteoporosis – condition in which there
is a progressive loss of bone tissue
• Bones weaken and become brittle
• Caused by a lack of vitamin D and
calcium
• Milk and other dairy products are
excellent sources.
• Weight training and physical activity help
increase bone mass
Osteoporosis
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKVKNqIOnh0&feature
=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHyeZhcoZcQ&feature=
related
Problems of Skeletal System
• 5. Scoliosis
• Lateral, side to side, curvature of the
spine.
• Depending on how serious, can be
treated by light exercise, a special brace,
or surgery.
Scoliosis
Problems of the Joints
• 1. Dislocation – bone slips out
of place, tearing the ligaments
that attach bone to bone
Problems of the Joints
•2. Arthritis – inflammation of
a joint, resulting from natural
wear and tear
Problems of the Joints
• 3. Carpal tunnel syndrome –
ligaments and tendons in the wrist
swell, causing numbness, pain, and
weakness in the hand.
• Caused by normal wear and tear –
typing, writing, etc.
Ways To Care For Your Skeletal
System:
1. Have a healthy diet
2. Wear protective gear
Ways To Care For Your Skeletal
System:
3. Get regular check-ups
4. Do weight bearing exercises
Pelvis
Vertebrae
1. Label each bone
2. Color each bone
3. Place each bone in
correct location
4. Be neat
SKELETAL ASSESSMENT
Option 1:
Option 2:
1. Create a bone song/dance
(maximum of 3 group members)
2. Create/label a full size skeleton
(maximum 3 group members)
Include:
 (3) major functions of the skeletal
system
 (6) different bones in the body
 (2) joint types and examples
 (3) types of bones
 (3) ways to care for your skeletal
system
Include:
 Draw/label major bones in the
body (see skeleton in notes
 Write (3) major functions of the
skeletal system
 (3) ways to care for you skeletal
system.
Option 3:
Option 4:
3. Create a bone skit
(maximum 4 group members)
4. Create your own story about “Skeeter
skeleton”
(maximum 2 group members)
Include:
 Setting, time/place, characters
 (3) major functions of the skeletal
system
 Discuss (6) different bones in the
body
 (2) joint types and examples
 (3) types of bones
 (2) ways to care for your skeletal
system
Include:
(At least 2 minutes in length)





(2) major functions of the skeletal
system
(6) different bones in the body
(2) joint types and examples
(3) types of bones
(3) ways to care for your skeletal
system