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UNIT 2
Business Etiquette
Contents
Reading Skills
1
2
Text A
3
Fast Reading
4
Text B
5
Practical Reading
words
1
Reading Skills
Sample
Let’s try
sample
 Contrast/Antonym Clues
 Antonyms are words or phrases that have opposite meanings to other
words or phrases. In some sentences, we will find two words with
opposite meanings. If we know the meaning of one word, we will be
able to guess the meaning of the other word. Words or phrases like “but”,
“while”, “despite”, “as opposed to”, “on the contrary”, and “on the other
hand” often signal antonym clues.
 Sample 1
 He thought it was quite unfair to him. He was up to the eyes in his work,
while others in his office chatted with each other having nothing to do.
 “while”表示对比，比较一下它连接的两个分句的意思， 不难发现
画线短语的含义是“非常忙碌”。他之所以感到不满是因为办公室
的其他人都无所事事地在闲聊，只有他在忙碌地工作。
Sample
 Example Clues
 An example context is a word or a phrase that illustrates a difficult word
rather than defines the word. In some sentences we can guess the
meaning of an unknown word by the example given in the sentence. The
clue words are as follows: “as”, “especially”, “like”, “such as”, “for
example”, “for instance”, “including”, etc.
 Sample 2
 The remuneration for many jobs can vary greatly. For example, one can
earn the minimum wage at the Pizza Pub, $5.50 an hour at a department
store, or $4.50 an hour at the Bargain Toy Store.
 “for example”引出了三个例子：一个人在不同的工作地点可以挣到
不同的报酬，通过对所举范例的理解可推断出remuneration的大意
是报酬。
Let’s Try
1. There are times when one wants to be surrounded by people, and there
(A)
are times when one needs solitude.
A. to be alone
B. to be cheerful
C. calm
2. The major points of your plan are clear to me, but the details are still hazy.
(A)
A. not clear
B. well-organized
C. very long
3. Although the Greeks were said to be democratic, slaves and women had
few rights.
(B)
A. warlike
B. respecting people’s rights
C. peaceloving
4. Though he was often shy in social settings, science brought out the
showmanship in him.
( B ) attracting public attention C. quick
A. timid character B. personality
temper
5. Linda manages money judiciously while I manage money unwisely.
(C)
A. poorly
B. confidently
C. wisely
Let’s Try
6. A personal prestige often depends on his title or profession. For example,
in many countries, doctors and lawyers are greatly admired.
(A)
A. reputation
B. occupation
C. power
7. Green and blue are restful hues that tend to fade in the sun light.
(B)
A. sunshine
B. color
C. ray
8. The menu includes beverages such as coffee, tea, juice and ice water. ( C )
A. hot drinks
B. food
C. drinks
9. Americans consume a lot of alcohol in the form of cocktail-mixtures
based on spirits like whisky, gin and vodka. ( C )
A. fuels
B. souls
C. alcoholic drinks
10. Haier is an enterprise that manufactures high-quality household
appliances such as televisions, refrigerators, washing machines and airconditioners. ( C )
A. machines
B. tools
C. equipment
Text A
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
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Offices vary when it comes to dress codes. Some businesses have very high standards for
their employees and set strict guidelines for office attire, while others maintain a more
relaxed attitude. However, it is always important to remember that no matter what your
company’s attitude is regarding what you wear, you are working in a business
environment and you should dress accordingly. Your attire should reflect both your
environment and your position.
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不同的单位对着装有不同的要求。有些公司对其雇员高标准要求，对办公室的着装
有严格的规定，而有些公司则对此采取较宽容的态度。但无论你所在的公司对你的
穿着采取何种态度，你是在一个商务环境中工作，你的着装应与之相配，记住这一
点非常重要。
2. When dressing in “business casual” clothes, try to put some flair4 into your wardrobe
choices. For men, try wearing a neat pair of pants and a buttoned shirt with long or short
sleeves that has more color or texture in the fabric. For women, wear skirts or tailored
pants with blouses, blazers, and accessories that mean business yet convey a more casual
look than your standard business attire.
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在着“商务便装”时，选衣要加些品味。男士应穿干净整洁的便装裤，带扣子的长
袖或短袖衬衫，颜色和质地多样化一些。女士应穿裙子或裁剪得体的便装裤、衬衫、
外套和饰物，整体装束既正式又比标准的职业装随意。
Text A
 3. There are boundaries between your career and your social life.
You should dress one way for play and another way when you
mean business. Always ask yourself where you’re going and how
other people will be dressed when you get there. Is the final
destination the opera, the beach, or the office? Dress accordingly
and you will discover the truth in the axiom9 that clothes make
the man--and the woman.
 你的职业和你的社交生活应界限分明。去娱乐场所穿一身衣
服，去谈生意就要换另一身装扮。你总要问一下自己是去哪
儿，那儿的人们会怎样穿着。你最终的目的地是歌剧院、海
滨还是办公室？相应着装，你就会发现“人靠衣装马靠鞍”
这个格言是很有道理的。
Text A
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1. 在美国，有礼貌表现为你在电梯里、街上、超市或商场里向遇到的陌生人
微笑。最保险的方法是对任何与你有眼神交流的人微笑并说声“嗨！”。
In the U.S, being polite also means smiling to strangers you meet in the elevator,
on the street, in the supermarket or mall. The safest way is to smile and say “hi” to
anyone who has eye contact with you.
2. 不管什么时候什么人帮了你的忙，都要口头或通过电子邮件或便条表示你
的感激之情。决不要把人家给你帮的忙看成是理所当然的事。
It’s polite to express your appreciation verbally or via email or note whenever
anybody does a favor for you. Never take any favor from anybody for granted.
3. 自信大概是美国人最显著的特征之一。他们在与人交谈、微笑、着装及走
路的姿势中都表现出一种自信。
“Confidence” is probably one of the most noticeable traits in the Americans.
They show confidence in the way they talk, the way they smile, the way they dress
and the way they walk.
4. 作为学生，自信意味着有问题或看法时随时举手发言。不要去想这问题或
看法是否太简单或可笑。否则你在课堂上永远没有说话的机会。
As a student, being confident means you should never hesitate to raise your hand
whenever a question or a point comes to your mind. Don’t mind if it sounds
simple or silly. Otherwise you will never get a chance to speak in class at all.
Text A
 Good manners help to make a business deal while bad manners can
break it.
T
 People in Britain shake hands just as much as people in Germany.
F
 In Japan people consider it important to discuss business during
meals.
F
 Americans maintain good eye contact when speaking. T
 According to the text, German is the most punctual people. T
 In Russia you must match your hosts drink for drink, or they will
think you are unfriendly. T
 Australians usually lower their eyes when speaking. F
 Lunches and dinners are important parts of business life in Mexico
and Spain. T
 In Britain it is impolite to ask personal questions or intensely stare at
another person. T
Fast Reading
1-e 2-g 3-b 4-a 5-c 6-I 7-d 8-f 9-h 10-j
1. Is it considered rude to take a sip of your drink while still chewing?
e It is considered good manners to wait until you have finished chewing and
have swallowed your food before taking a sip of your beverage.
2. After the completion of a formal dinner, where do you place your utensils?
g Place the knife and fork parallel to one another across the plate with the
knife blade facing inward toward the plate. Position the knife and fork
in the position of ten o’clock to four o’clock.
3. How should I fold a large napkin before placing it in my lap?
b Large dinner napkins should be folded in half after opening and before
placing on one's lap.
4. Is it proper for a woman to apply lipstick at the table after a meal?
a It is appropriate for a woman to excuse herself and apply lipstick in a
private area such as a restroom.
5. At a formal dinner party, how do I properly serve and remove the dishes
and glasses?
c When entertaining formally, dishes are presented or served at guest's left
and removed from the right side. Glasses are filled from the right.
Fast Reading
 6. When eating meat, should you cut one piece, put your knife down, then eat the piece,
or should you cut all of your meat up first, and then eat the meat?
 i When eating meat, always cut and eat one small piece at a time. If you are eating
American style, you may put your knife down, switch your fork to your other hand and
eat your bite. If you are eating continental style, you may cut the piece of meat and eat it
without putting setting your knife on your plate.
 7. Should you dismiss yourself from the table if you need to sneeze or blow your nose?
 d Yes, excuse yourself from the table, and at no time should you use your napkin as a
handkerchief.
 8. What is the correct way to butter bread or a roll?
 f When served bread or a roll on a bread/butter plate; break the bread with your fingers
into pieces small enough for one or two bites; butter a pulled apart piece and then eat it.
Do not butter the entire roll or piece of bread at one time.
 9. Which side of the guest should I pour wine from at the dinner table?
 h Pour wine and all beverages from the right, while standing behind and to the right of
the guest.
 10. Where do I place the finger bowl after cleansing my fingers?
 j When using a finger bowl, after cleansing your fingers, place the finger bowl and the
doily on the upper left side of the place setting; this clears the dessert plate for the
dessert.
Text B
1. E. h
6. H. b
2. J. a
7. G. j.
3. A. f
8. B. d
4. C. i
5. I. c
9. D. g/ I. c 10. F. e.
1. America
A. giving a single item
a. It suggests tears or parting
2. Middle East
B. giving a gift of perfume.
b. This word has a funeral connotation to it.
3. Hong Kong.
C. presenting an even number of flowers
c. It’s the “bad luck” number.
4. Europe
D. Presenting gifts regardless of position.
d. It’s like carrying coals to Newcastle.
5. Korea
E. giving a lily at a time other than Easter.
e. It is associated with trinkets sold to tourists.
6. China
F. giving gifts made of silver.
f. It carries bad luck.
7. Latin America
G. giving a gift of knife.
g. It’s a rank-conscious society.
8. France
H. giving a clock.
h. It’s considered a symbol of death.
9. Japan
I. giving four for anything.
i. It’s considered bad luck.
10. Mexico
J. presenting a handkerchief
j. It suggests that the “cutting” of a relationship.
Text B
II. Reading Comprehension. Write “T” for true, “F” for false.
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1. The Japanese customarily wrap their gifts in white paper with a bow.
2.Purple flowers are appropriate as a gift in Mexico and Brazil. F
3.In India, always unwrap the gifts in the presence of the giver. F
4.In Italy, if you bring wine as a gift, make sure that it is of excellent
T
vintage.
 5.Avoid admiring an item much in Saudi Arabia, and it is impolite to
refuse a gift. T
 6.People often use the “thumbs up” gesture in the Middle East. F
 7.People prefer a lavish gift to a modest one in Canada. F
 8.Always give a gift with your company logo or other corporate
symbols.
F
F
Practical Reading
Fill in each of the blanks with the appropriate word or phrase from the list.
 1. I am prepared to make some concession on minor details, but I
cannot compromise on fundamentals.
 在一些细节上我可以作些让步，但在基本原则上我是不会妥协的。
 2. Lots of people were taking a short siesta in the shade.
 午后很多人在阴凉处小睡。
 3. One common Chinese notion is that the elders ought to be respected.
 中国人共有的一种观念是长者应受到尊敬。
 4. Time blunts the edge of sorrow.
 时间会减缓悲痛。
 5. The word “armchair” has connotations of comfort and relaxation.
 armchair这个词隐含着舒适悠然的意思。
 6. He is badly hurt but still conscious .
 他伤得很重, 不过神志还清醒。
Practical Reading
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7.There is a rigid hierarchy of power in that country.
那个国家有一套严密的权力等级制度。
8.Her whole attitude had undergone a subtle change.
她的整个态度发生了微妙的变化。
9. Punctuality is essential in the business world.
在商界严守时间至关重要。
10. A good executive usually gets on well with people.
一个好的高级管理人员通常与人们相处得很好。
11. Although she did not reciprocate his feelings, she did not discourage
him.
 尽管她没有回应他的感情，她也没有使他丧失信心。
 This remark caused affront to many people.
 这句话得罪了不少人。
Practical Reading
Fill in each of the blanks with the appropriate word or phrase from the list.
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1. The audience clapped enthusiastically and called for more.
2. Alexander signified his consent with a nod.
3. He has a deep affection for his old friend.
The bus driver violated the traffic regulation.
You mustn’t ridicule unfortunate people.
His heart leaped and he felt himself reddening.
Two countries prolonged signing an agreement until details could be
agreed on.
People refer the man who was afraid of his wife as henpecked .
The judge wore a wig and all the trappings of his position.
He spoke out against racial discrimination.
The police asked bystanders about the accident.
I can't convey my feelings in words.
They asked so many questions that they confused me.
My father sat puffing contentedly on his pipe.
We often denote danger by red letters.
Practical Reading
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Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate form of the word given.
1. stamp
1) None is genuine without our stamp .
未盖我们的戳记的都不是真货。
2) What he did will always be stamped .
他所做的一切人们将永远铭记。
3) He stamped his feet in anger.
他怒气冲冲地跺脚。
4) This event left the stamp on his heart.
这件事在他心中留下印记。
spoil
1) The heavy rain has spoilt the flowers in the park.
大雨把公园里的花全浇坏了。
2) Some kinds of food soon spoil
有些食物易变质。
3) His grandmother spoiled him.
他的祖母把他宠坏了。
Practical Reading
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flock
1) A flock of customers were waiting for the store to open.
一群顾客在等商店开门。
2) People flocked to hear the new prophet.
人们成群结队地去听这新的预言家演讲。
interpret
1) He interpreted a difficult passage in a book.
他解释了书中一段难懂的文字。
2) Please interpret the comments of our foreign guest.
请把外宾的话翻译一下。
3) I interpreted his silence as a refusal.
我把他的沉默看作是拒绝的表示。
Words
He gave the child a lecture on the importance of punctuality.
他教训孩子们严守时间的重要性。
He’s been taken to task for his habitual lack of punctuality.
他因为经常不准时而受到批评。
Punctuality is essential in the business world.
在商界严守时间至关重要。
A good executive usually gets on well with people.
一个好的高级管理人员通常与人们相处得很好。
We are at a critical time in history.
我们正处在历史的危急时刻。
We must inherit in a critical way.
我们要以批判的方式继承。
The bridge has a span of 100 metres.
这座桥跨度为一百米。
His research in cancer that spanned 15 years has made considerable headway in the end.
他对癌症持续15年的研究终于取得了极大的进展。
The pupil's attention span was short.
这个小学生的注意力持续时间很短。
The story will be continued in subsequent issues of the magazine.
小说将继续在以后几期杂志上连载。
We were angry when we encountered, but we parted with smile.
我们偶然相遇时怒目相对，但分手时面带笑容。
They reciprocated hospitality.
他们互相款待。
Although she did not reciprocate his feelings, she did not discourage him.
尽管她没有回应他的感情，她也没有使他丧失信心。
Words
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This remark caused affront to many people.
这句话得罪了不少人。
The banquet was permeated with an atmosphere of friendship.
宴会洋溢着友好的气氛。
The spokesman made it clear that no compromise was yet in sight.
发言人表明, 目前还不会妥协。
I am prepared to make some concession on minor details, but I cannot compromise on
fundamentals.
在一些细节上我可以作些让步，但在基本原则上我是不会妥协的。
I went upstairs for my afternoon siesta.
我上楼去睡午觉。
Lots of people were taking a short siesta in the shade.
午后很多人在阴凉处小睡。
Time blunts the edge of sorrow.
时间会减缓悲痛。
She is rather blunt in speech.
她说话很直率。
The axe is too blunt to cut down the tree.
斧头太钝, 砍不倒树。
Words
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The word “armchair” has connotations of comfort and relaxation.
armchair这个词隐含着舒适悠然的意思。
I’m no connoisseur but I know a good champagne when I taste one.
我不是行家,但我一尝就知道是不是好香槟。
Such lavish praise was hard to believe.
这样过度的赞扬使人难以置信。
China's international ''prestige'' is continually rising.
She spoke to us in her conscious moments.
她神志清醒时跟我们说过话。
He is badly hurt but still conscious.
他伤得很重, 不过神志还清醒。
There is a rigid hierarchy of power in that country.
那个国家有一套严密的权力等级制度。
There were two glasses of champagne on the tray.
托盘里有两杯香槟酒。
The cargo includes three thousand pieces of porcelain.
这批货物中包括三千件瓷器。
Her whole attitude had undergone a subtle change.
她的整个态度发生了微妙的变化。
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