Exam 3
Review
Motivation and Emotion
Chapter 10
Internal processes that:
1. Activate
2. Guide
3. Sustain
Theories of Motivation




Drive Theory
Arousal Theory
Expectancy Theory
Goal-Setting Theory
p. 377
Emotions



Physiological responses
Subjective feelings
Expressive reactions
Theories of Emotion




Canon-Bard
James - Lange
Schachter - Singer
Opponent Process
p. 398
The Emotional Brain
Anterior vs. Posterior
• Pleasant – Unpleasant
• Arousal (Emotional Intensity)
Right vs. Left
• Negative Affect (Avoidence – withdrawl)
• Positive Affect (Rewards - Reinforcement)
p. 400
Components of Intelligence





Understand complex
ideas
Adapt to the
environment
Learn from
experience
Ability to reason
Problem solving skills




Spearman’s “g”
Multiple Components of
Intelligence
Sternberg’s “street
smarts”
Cattell’s empiracal
research
Chapter 11
Tests of Intelligence
Standford-Binet
–
–
–
–
–
Binet-Simon Scale
“IQ”
Ages 2-23
Four Subscales
Originally created to
identify MR children
in French school
system.
Weschler Scales
–
–
–
–
–
WAIS-R (Adult)
WISC-III (5-16)
WPPSI (3-7)
Two Subscales
Most commonly used
Other Tests: Raven Matrices, K-ABC
Issues in Measurement

Reliability
– Split-Half
– Test-Retest

Validity
– Content
– Criterion
• Concurrent
• Predictive
Creativity




Area of problem
solving
novel and useful
solutions
see relationships
among remote ideas
interaction of
multiple factors
Perspectives of Personality

Psychodynamic
– Unconscious, sexual, motivation, conflict
– Past experiences

Humanistic
– Positive growth, realization of potential
– Self - concept

Trait
– Categorize and describe
– Culturally salient
Chapter 12
Defense Mechanisms


Anxiety




Repression
Rationalization
Displacement
Projection
Regression
Sublimation
p. 456
Trait Theory
Allport
Types of Traits
• Cardinal
• Central
• Secondary
Patterns of behavior
Functional Autonomy - motives for behavior can
change.
Big Five Traits
–
–
–
–
–
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness/Dependability
Emotional Stability
Openness to Experience
Personality Assessment


Clinical Interview
Objective Tests
– assess clinical disorders
– validity components
– conscious - direct

Projective Tests
– indirect measures
– unconscious motives or ideas
Health & Stress - Ch.13

Health Psychology: health is the influence of both our
physiology (diet/exercise) and psychology
(stress/social support).

Lifestyle: the patterns of our everyday decisions
which characterize our behavior.

Stress: personal response to events that threaten to
disrupt our daily behaviors.
General Adaptation Syndrome

Alarm

Resistance

Exhaustion
COGNITIVE APPRAISAL
Level of Stress
Relationship between
Stress & Health
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

Level of stress
(Holmes & Rahe, 1967)

Length of the stressor
(Cohen et al., 1998)
12
24
36
Health
p. 498
Health Belief Models




Strong positive intention
to change.
Min of barriers.
Posses the skills.
“Believe” in the
intervention




Perceive the behavior as
normal.
Consistent with selfschema.
“Feel” good about the
behavior.
Receive reinforcement
from your environment.
Prevention

Primary Prevention: reduce the occurrence of
the illness.
– Gain Framing

Secondary Prevention: decrease the severity
of the illness. Importance of early detection.
– Loss Framing