District Water Management and Conservation Plan Workshop Presented By Terry Buchholz October 19, 2007 Agenda • • • • • Overview – Debbie Colbert (WRD) & Anita Winkler (OWRC) Logistics/Introductions Overview of Plan Requirements Initiating the Plan Process Guidance for Preparation of the Plan – – – – Water Supplier Description Water Conservation Water Curtailment Water Supply • Additional Requirements • OWRD Review Process • Wrap-up Introduction • What is a WMCP plan for? – Long-term water management and conservation tool • Who needs to complete one? – Districts which need to transfer water rights – Districts which contract for water from federal water projects • Why? – A powerful planning tool – Numerous benefits to districts Benefits of Preparing a WMCP? • Increases flexibility • Prepares district to meet future challenges • Provides a basis for capital improvement projects and grant applications • Establishes a concise set of information for future managers Overview of the Plan Requirements • Water Supplier Description • Water Conservation Element • Water Curtailment Plan • Water Supply Element Overview of the Plan Requirements Supply Demand + Future Needs Conservation Tools Water Budget This water budget, along with projected future demands on the system, helps to clarify how much water is required to meet current and future needs. Initiating the Plan Process Clearly, they didn’t follow these easy steps…. • Establish Objectives • Early Discussion with OWRD Staff • Establish a Planning Team • Assemble Information • Get Public or Other Agencies Involved • Find Funding Plan Objective Examples • Conserve water through improving management of one or more of the supplier’s water sources • Control costs of operations, maintenance and capital investments, while meeting desired levels of service • Maintain reliability of water supply at some predetermined level defined by the supplier • Increase long-term water supply security and flexibility Plan Objective Examples • Continue to work in support of fisheries and other natural resources • Maintain customer satisfaction • Meet State requirements for the WMCP • Meet Federal requirements for the WMCP Early Discussion with WRD Staff • Establish framework for the plan • Identify any key issues • Discuss the methods that will be used to develop required information • Draw on WRD staff expertise • Understand specific criteria that WRD will apply in evaluating the plan Assemble Planning Team • Using district staff • Working together with other districts or agencies • Hiring a consultant – pieces or all Involving the Public or other Agencies • Why should a district involve the public or other agencies? – Early buy-in for conservation planning – Involve key partners (other districts, counties, etc…) – Speed up the WRD review process • Easy ways to do this – Bill message inserts, district newsletters and websites – Public advisory committee – Public meetings and presentations – Local newspaper article updates Funding Plan Preparation • No funding specifically for WMCPs • District staffing & funding • Federal or State Funding Programs – BOR: 2025 Challenge Grants (50/50 cost share) – NRCS Conservation Innovation Grants – Columbia Basin Water Transactions Program – Oregon Renewable Energy Feasibility Fund Guidance for Preparing the Plan Starting with the Checklist: Taking it one step at a time. Required Evaluate Optional Preparing the Water Supplier Description Introduction / general background Summary of existing water rights Most items in this section Description of sources of water are required Schematic or map of water delivery system Current water use Major water classifications and uses Types of on-farm irrigation systems Crops typically grown (estimated average and peak water use) Operations and maintenance program Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Potential Sources for Information • Previous Reports: – District facilities plans – O&M manuals – City of County growth and development – Capital Improvements Plans – Fisheries Management Plan Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Potential Sources for Information • Data Collection: – Water rights – Sources of water – Current water usage – Water use classifications – Types of irrigation systems – Crops commonly grown – Billing records Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Potential Sources for Information • Intergovernmental or exchange agreements/contracts • Maps/Illustrations showing: – Systems drawings – Boundaries – Storage and distribution facilities – Points of diversion – Major operation spills Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Introduction and General Background • History of the District • Location, Climate, Maps, Soils, Etc. A Historical Summary of Surface Water Supply Index (SWSI) for the principal river basins of Oregon can be downloaded at: www.or.nrcs.usda.gov/snow/watersupply/ SWSI_Summary.cvs Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Summary of Existing Water Rights Water Rights Certificate and Permits Location of Water Right Acreage Certificate 1235 (held by district) – a secondary right related to Cedar Creek Reservoir Downstream from Cedar Creek Reservoir T1S R1W portions of section 2,3,4,5, & 6 Acreage (or Acre Feet of Storage) 1000 acres This table will include permitted, certificated, decreed, statutory, and limited license water rights Description Conservation Conditions of Water Rights Standard conditions for irrigation and must have BOR contract Seasons of Use May - October Access WRD’s Water Rights Information System at www.wrd.state.or.us, or your local Watermaster through www.wrd.state.or.us/OWARD/offices.shtml for assistance in describing existing water rights Curtailment Supply Sources of Water • Sources of water may include: – Storage and regulation facilities, – Transfers, rotation, exchange, or intergovernmental agreements • Description should include: – – – – – – – Type Source of water (stream or aquifer) Location of point of diversion (township, range and quarter-quarter section) Diversion (structure or equipment) Wells (depth, diameter and pump capacity) Reservoirs (dam height, crest and normal operating pool) Agreements (type, entity, terms and conditions, quantity, sale, and period) Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Schematic of the Water Delivery System • • • • • • • • • District boundaries Storage facilities Distribution systems Direction of flow Drainage systems Diversion points Measuring devices Major spills and return flows Special water recovery/reuse infrastructure such as ASR • Interconnection and other supply systems • Other features as applicable Description Conservation Sources: USGS Maps can cost less than $125 ARC-GIS programs can be used OSU has a wide array of information on mapping at www.geo.orgeonstate.edu/ucgis Tips: The schematic does not have to be a map but could be a flow chart or schematic. It does not need to be professionally done but could be done by hand or in a GIS/GPS mapping program Curtailment Supply Sample Schematic Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Sample Schematics Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Current Water Use Year Diversion Permit # Time of Use Annual diversion (AF/Year) Peak Diversion (AF/Year) Peak Diversion (cfs) 1998 Alpha Creek Beta River Theta Reservoir S-001 S-002 S-003 Seasonal Seasonal Full Year 3800 21244 80329 650 8404 12069 10.6 136.9 196.6 1999 Alpha Creek Beta River Theta Reservoir S-001 S-002 S-003 Seasonal Seasonal Full Year 3825 21055 73456 641 7844 11056 10.4 127.8 180.1 • Tables may include: peak and annual diversions, and when available, return flows and water reuse Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Estimating Return Flows • Can include: System Type – Surface runoff (measure) – Seepage into drains or streams (measure) – Deep percolation (estimate) Percolation (%) Hand move, side move, side roll 18 Solid set (low wind design) 30 Solid set (high wind design) 18 Center pivot, Linear move 10 Traveling big gun (low wind design) 35 Traveling big gun (high wind design) 18 Surface irrigation 10-80 Drip/trickle Description Conservation Curtailment 10 Supply Major Water Classifications and Uses • Summary: – Major classifications including water rights and acreage – # of accounts for each classification – Beneficial use Description Conservation • Classification Groups: – Irrigation – Frost protection – Livestock – Fire protection – Industrial users – Municipal deliveries – Commercial – Instream – Power generation Curtailment Supply Major Water Classifications and Uses Classification Description % of Total Acreage Irrigation Cropping 2700 55 Livestock Cattle/Sheep 1310 27 Irrigation/Frost Protection Orchard 420 9 Industrial Processing Plants 180 4 Unknown Unknown 302 5 4912 100 Totals ** Information obtained using surveys in 2004 & 2006 Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Types of On-Farm Irrigation Systems • • • • • Pivots and linear systems Wheel lines and hand lines Solid set Drip/trickle/microspray Flood/furrow Example: A survey mailed to members of an irrigation district could be used to determine the amount of land irrigated by each of the different irrigation system types used in the district. The survey results are shown below. System Type Center Pivot 1489 Fixed Interval Sprinkler 13709 Surface Ways to obtain this information is through a mailed survey or to use estimations based on visual inspections and discussions with representative water users Description Conservation Acres Totals Curtailment 4664 19862 Supply Sample Crop Water Requirements Extension Bulletin 8530 can be used to estimate net irrigation requirements for your region by crop type Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Crops Typically Grown (estimated average and peak water use) Example #1: A mailed survey of client farms, determined the following mix of crops: Corn (1800 acres); Mint (2700 acres); Grapes (1400 acres); Other (200 acres). Using the survey results and information from Bulletin 8530, the district was able to estimate peak water consumption for each crop. The acreage listed as ‘other’ accounts for land on which cropping is not known and small acreages of miscellaneous minor fields/crops. Crop Acres Corn 1800 0.94 2.95 5.20 7.52 6.06 3.50 0.24 26.41 Mint 2700 0.12 2.95 4.92 4.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.81 Grapes 1400 0.08 0.98 2.60 4.13 3.31 1.73 0.12 12.95 Other 200 0.63 2.28 3.94 5.55 4.49 2.56 0.24 19.60 Total 6100 Description Apr May Conservation Jun Jul Aug Curtailment Sep Oct Totals Supply Operations and Maintenance Issues (Brainstorming) • What are some of the exceptional or reoccurring maintenance issues districts are faced with? • What are some maintenance or repair items that effect operations? • Are there ways to overcome these issues? Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Operations and Maintenance Program • Operations – Organization, personnel w/ duties, annual procedures, equipment, and recurring operational problems • Repair and maintenance – Major repairs, resources assigned to fix the problem, and schedule Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Preparing the Water Conservation Element Part 1 Progress Report, Measurement Program, Current Conservation Measures, and Goals Part 2 Evaluation of Opportunities for Improving Water Use Efficiency Part 3 Evaluation of Conservation Measures Not Currently Implemented Part 4 Description and Estimated Schedule for Implementation of Conservation Measures Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Preparing the Water Conservation Element Progress report on conservation measures from the previous WMCP Description of the districts measurement program Description of currently implemented conservation measures Short and long-term goals to improve water management Description Conservation Curtailment All Items in this section are required Part 1 Supply Potential Sources for Information • Book and other publications • Conference events (OWRC and OSU Extension Services) • Water Conservation Plans developed by districts throughout Oregon and other Western states • Water Conservation plan Guidelines (EPA) Description Conservation • Achieving Efficient Water Management: a Guidebook for Preparing Agricultural Water Conservation Plans (BOR) • Irrigation Management Practices: Checklist for Oregon (OSU) • AWWA Waterwiser Website www.waterwiser.org • Regional Water Providers Consortium www.conserveh2o.org Curtailment Supply Progress Report on Conservation Measures from the Previous WMCP • If this is the first time that the district has submitted a WMCP then a progress report is not required. • Updates on previous plans must include: – Progress made toward conservation actions described in earlier plans – Short or long-term goals that did not previously have schedules should be addressed – Changes in circumstances since the last plan that lead to schedule delays should also be addressed Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Description of the Districts Measurement Program • Description of the types of diversion measurements used • Accounting of methods used at all diversion points • Seasonal measurement schedule • Photographs and descriptions of typical measurement devices Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Benefits of Better Water Measurement (Brainstorming) What are the benefits to a district for accurate water measurement and recording keeping? Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Description of Currently Implemented Conservation Measures • Summary of previous and ongoing conservation activities undertaken • Examples include: – District maintenance program – Educational materials provided to the district irrigators – Any activities that are perceived to enhance the delivery and efficiency of water use Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Short and Long-term Goals to Improve Water Management • Examples include: – – – – – – – – Description Reducing identified losses through piping or lining Promoting energy audits Adopting rate structures Public education programs Technical assistance such as irrigation scheduling Retrofits of inefficient water-using devices Water reuse Other possible actions that would improve water use efficiency Conservation Curtailment Supply Evaluation of the Opportunities for Improving Water Use Efficiency Description of losses of water Assessment of whether water deliveries are insufficient to meet crop needs Assessment of whether water deliveries are insufficient to meet other needs Description Conservation Curtailment Most items in this section should be evaluated Part 2 Supply Description of Losses of Water • Determine losses from operational spills • Estimate canal losses – Ponding method – Inflow-outflow method • Estimate transmission losses • Compute district average losses • Improve the accuracy of estimates of distribution system losses Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Determine Losses from Operational Spills • Initial Fill – volume of water needed at the start of delivery operations • Flushing Flow – volume of water used to flush debris from canals at the start of the irrigation season • Imperfect scheduling of deliveries Description Conservation Conservation Measure Ideas: • Spills can be captured in regulation reservoirs and directed back into the distribution system or stream • Operational Spills can be measured and quantified. Curtailment Supply Estimating Canal Losses Step #1: Estimate the rate of water loss in cfs from representative sections of the canal system (e.g. pipelines, canals of various configurations, or combination of canals and control structures). Step #2: Multiply the loss rate by the distances traveled through the canal system to determine total canal loss rates in cfs and district total daily loss rates in acre-feet per day. Step #3: Multiply the daily loss rate by the number of days the canals are in use. Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Determining Rate of Water Loss • Experimental Methods – Ponding Method – Inflow-Outflow Method • Estimation Method – Percent of water diverted (adjustments based on soil types, subsoil structure, and proportion of time canal is in operation) Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Estimating Average District Losses • Useful in evaluating opportunities for improving distribution efficiency • Calculate average water loss in each sector of the main canal(s) and secondary canals Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Calculating Gross Water Requirements (Exercise) Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Assessment of Whether Water Deliveries are Insufficient to Meet Crop Needs • In text or table format evaluate the extent the water supply system falls short of meeting crop water demands • Does not need to be exhaustive Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Assessment of Whether Water Deliveries are Insufficient to Meet Other Needs • • • • • • • • Municipal water Delivery to industrial users Fire Protection Maintenance of in-stream flows Pass through conveyance of water to other districts Conveyance of flood runoff Conjunctive use for power production Minimum required stream flows (mandated by Dam Operations Plan) Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Evaluate Each of the Conservation Measures Not Currently Implemented Promotion of energy audits Conversion to metered, pressurized deliveries Piping or lining earthen canals Modifying distribution facilities and district policies On-Farm irrigation scheduling assistance Construction of re-regulating reservoirs Adoption of rate structures Any other conservation measures Description Conservation Curtailment All items in this section should be evaluated Part 3 Supply Energy Audits The district can contact local energy utilities to inquire about availability of energy audits by utility personnel, or training of district personnel to perform distribution system energy audits, such as evaluating existing pump stations. In addition to district level energy audit, there are resources available to district patrons through local utilities. For further information, visit the following websites: – Oregon Dept. of Energy: http://oregon.gov/energy/incentives.shtml – Energy Trust of Oregon: www.energytrust.org – Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance: www.nwalliance.org Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Energy Audits - Example An Oregon State University study of actual efficiencies in 529 tests of pumps on working farms in Oregon found: •Efficiencies ranged from 14% to 79% •77% of the pumping plants were operating at less than 67% (the lower limit of nominal efficiencies) •24% of the pimping plants were operating at less than 50% efficiency Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Conversion to Metered, Pressurized Deliveries • Number of small parcels within district boundaries • Potential for future division of larger parcels • Type of beneficial use expected on these parcels • Cost price estimates for construction of pump and meter systems to deliver pressurized water to small parcels. • Different fee structure (?) Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Piping or Lining Earthen Canals • Obtain cost estimates for piping or lining earthen canals • Prepare economic analysis that accounts for the value of the water saved. Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Modifying Distribution Facilities and District Policies • Operation strategies to increase water delivery capability to specific areas • Structural modifications to improve delivery efficiency • Short-term goal to identify opportunities to improve delivery flexibility • Long-term goal to secure funding for infrastructure improvements Description Conservation Curtailment Supply On-Farm Irrigation Scheduling Assistance Real Life Examples and Resources Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Construction of Re-Regulating Reservoirs Where operational spills are significant, construction and operational costs for reregulating reservoirs should be evaluated. Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Rate Structures While OAR 690-086-0250 (6g) requires a district to evaluate the adoption of rate structures that encourage conservation, there may be statutory or contractual provisions that prescribe the district rate structure. Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Description and Estimated Implementation Schedule of Conservation Measures Schedule for implementation of proposed conservation measures Public Education Program Any other conservation measures identified as feasible and appropriate A program to monitor and evaluate implemented conservation measures Description Conservation Curtailment All Items in this section are required Part 4 Supply Public Education Program Examples • Brochures providing tips for water savings • Displays at county fairs, community events, libraries, schools, etc. • Partnerships with the private sector such as lawn and garden centers • Speakers bureaus • Newsletters or press releases • Rain gauges, rain barrels, bumper stickers, etc. • Billboards, buses, radio, or television • Internet websites or email Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Evaluating and Monitoring Potential Conservation Measures • Cost in comparison to other measures and the overall operations budget • Effectiveness/Efficiency of the conservation measure • Effectiveness in meeting district needs • Impact on revenue • Resources and operational capacity • Amount of water savings • How the water conservation actively relates to district customers • Community acceptance Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Preparing a Water Curtailment Plan Description of past supply deficiencies and current capacity limitations All Items in this section are required Description of the situation(s) that trigger implementation of water curtailment elements Description of the procedure used to allocate water during shortages Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Sources of Information • The National Drought Mitigation Center (University of Nebraska) • The USDA/NRCS National Water Management Center • AWWA Manual M-50 Water Resources Planning (2001) • AWWA Drought Management Handbook (2002) Description Conservation WRD Tools for dealing with a Drought: •Emergency change in point of diversion (OAR 385-3145) •Emergency water use permits •Temporary transfers of water rights •Use of existing right option/agreement Curtailment Supply Sources of Information Drought Watch www.oregon.gov/OWRD/WR/Drought.shtml NRCS Drought Management www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/expert_as sessment/season_drought.gif BOR Reservoir Levels www.usbr.gov/pn/hydromet/select.html Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Past Supply Deficiencies and Current Capacity Limitations • Historical discussion of actions taken in the past during times of environmental or man-made shortages • Assessment of the ability to maintain delivery during drought or other source shortages Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Situation(s) that Trigger Implementation of Water Curtailment Elements • Describe water supply situations that cause curtailment plan to be implemented. • Triggers could be linked to: – Basin weather data – Flow disruption – Water contamination – Pre-season assessment of supply Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Procedures Used to Allocate Water During Shortages • Plan element should include: – – – – – – – Description Decision maker(s) to enact plan List of officials to contact Communication plan (who is notified and when) Which diversions are restricted and when Operational changes to be instituted Allocation authority or agreement(s) Enforcement process Conservation Curtailment Supply Procedures Used to Allocate Water During Shortages • Possible Water Allocation Methods include: – Uniform reduction – Priority date – Voluntary cut-backs – Buy back of water – Retiring of land Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Curtailment Triggers (Example) A District monitors the NRCS and Hydromet web sites for current climate information and snowpack data. – When the indices of precipitation and snow depth are more than 20% below average, water users are notified of potential drought during the irrigation season. – If the indices are 30% below average and the depth of Theta Reservoir is 30% below average by April 1, allocation of water will be reduced uniformly to all water users. – Delivery reductions will also be instituted if the Governor declares a basin-wide drought emergency. Description Conservation Curtailment Supply You Are Almost Done! The last steps are the water supply elements and a few additional requirements and you are ready to submit your plan for review! Full steam ahead… Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Preparing the Water Supply Element Part 1 Estimate long-range demand, compare projected needs and sources Part 2 Evaluation of additional long-range water need factors Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Preparing the Water Supply Elements Estimate of long-range water demand projections for 20 years Comparison of the projected water needs and current supply sources List of potential sources of water to supply the long-range needs Comparison of potential sources of additional water Description Conservation Curtailment All Items in this section are required Part 1 Supply Sources of Information • • • • • • • District billing records Prior WMCP Oregon Department of Agriculture studies City of County land use plans Local or regional population forecasts or demographic data Interviews with local or county planning staff Local weather information regarding temperature and rainfall • Water rights information from WRD or your local Watermaster Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Estimate of Long-Range Water Demand Projections (20 Years) • Factors to consider: – Lining or piping projects – District boundary changes – Agricultural and industry trends – Urbanization trends – Climate changes Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Comparison of the Projected Water Needs and Available Sources • Consider adequacy and reliability of water sources to meet the projected demand – Physical restrictions of source (interties, seasonal low flows) – Existing or future restrictions (ESA, instream flow requirements, groundwater limits) Description Conservation Curtailment Supply List and Comparison of Potential Sources of Water to Supply the Long-range Needs • Consider sources such as: – Conserved water – New sources – Water reuse • Perform cost/benefit analysis of options identified Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Evaluation of the Effects of the Following Factors on Long-Range Water Needs Regional options for meeting future water needs Urbanized and other land use trends Local government related plans or ordinances Description Conservation Curtailment All items in this section should be evaluated Part 2 Supply Evaluation of the Effects of the Following Factors on Long-Range Water Needs • Regional Options for Meeting Future Water Needs – Look at options from a regional perspective • Urbanized and Other Land Use Trends – Look at long-term water demands base on potential land use changes • Local Government Related Plans or Ordinances – Review and summarize long-term planning indicatives, comprehensive plans, water supply plans Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Effects of Urbanization (Exercise) Description Conservation Curtailment Supply Additional Information List of affected local agencies (to involve in the review process) Date of WMCP update submittal (must be within 10 years) All Items in this section are required The Typical WRD Process Applicant Applicant provides Draft Plan Prepared by applicant Submits Plan 30-day notice to affected local governments to WRD Initial Plan Review WRD Provides By WRD on Initial Plan WRD provides Final Review Public notice on website By WRD Request Review Additional Time by WRD Director appointed board Negotiate with WRD for more time WRD Proposed Final Order Plan does not pass review Plan does not meet WRD criteria for approval Applicant and commenting parties have 30 days to appeal Denied Plan not approved File Appeal with Commission Appeal Denied Comment Contested Case Notification to applicant and any commenter’s by WRD Final Order Plan approved by WRD Applicant Submits Final Plan Early public involvement saves you time and money in the review Questions/Comments