From Health Care Provider to Teen:
What You Need to Know About Sex and
Sexuality
Objectives
Identify male and female reproductive physiology
Differentiate biological sex, gender identity and
expression, sexual orientation and attraction
Discuss different types of sexual activity and risks
associated with sexual behaviors
Describe methods of protections against sexually
transmitted infections (STIs) and pregnancy
Outline
Understanding:
Our Bodies
Sexuality
Sex
Pregnancy and Birth Control
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Resources
Understanding Our Bodies
Genital Anatomy
Reproductive Organs
Reproductive Cells
Parts That Everyone Has
Genitals
Anus
Nipples
Buttocks
Urethra
Urethral
Opening
Body Diversity
Your body is unique!
There is no right or wrong way for a body to look.
The Male Body
Male External Uncircumcised
Reprinted with permission from Planned Parenthood® Federation of
America, Inc. © 2006 PPFA. All rights reserved.
Male External Circumcised
Reprinted with permission from Planned Parenthood® Federation of
America, Inc. © 2006 PPFA. All rights reserved.
Male Reproductive Cells
Sperm
Short for spermatozoa
Cells that carry male’s
genetic material
What Is Semen?
A fluid that comes out of the penis during ejaculation
Millions of sperm in each drop of semen
Usually a teaspoon to a tablespoon of semen is
released during an ejaculation
Erections in Males
Blood flows into the penis making it firm
Can occur in sexual and non-sexual situations
Almost all erect penises are around the same size
The Female Body
Female External
Reprinted with permission from Planned Parenthood® Federation of
America, Inc. © 2006 PPFA. All rights reserved.
Female Internal
Reprinted with permission from Planned Parenthood® Federation of
America, Inc. © 2006 PPFA. All rights reserved.
Female Reproductive Cells
Ovum (Egg)
Cells that carry the
female’s genetic material
Once a woman starts
getting her menstrual
period, her ovaries
usually release one
ovum a month
Menstruation
Menstruation prepares a female’s body for pregnancy
During a female’s menstrual period, her body sheds
the uterine lining
Menstrual blood flows from the uterus through the
small opening in the cervix and passes out of the
body through the vagina
The Menstrual Cycle
Erections In Females
Can occur in sexual and non-sexual situations
During excitement, the clitoris swells and changes
position
The size and shape of the clitoris varies in each
woman, although its location is pretty much the same
for all females
Understanding Sexuality
What is Healthy Sexuality?
Sexual development and growth is a
natural part of human development
Healthy sexual expression is
different than sexual risk
Same-sex sexual behavior is included
in the realm of healthy sexuality
Spectrum of
Gender and Sex
Female
Biological
Gender/Anatomy
Female
Male
Male
Gender Identity
Masculine
Feminine
Gender Expression
Heterosexual
Homosexual
Sexual Orientation
Questions About Sexuality
When you think of yourself as a person, do you
think of yourself as male, female, somewhere in
between, or another gender?
Gender and Sexual Identity
Gender Identity Includes
Male
Female
Transgender
Both male and female
Neither
Terminology: What’s in a Name?
Transgender = umbrella term for individuals & communities.
A person whose identity does not conform unambiguously to
conventional notions of male or female gender roles, but blends or
moves between them.
Gender nonconforming = individuals who do not follow other
people’s ideas or stereotypes about how they should look or act
based on the female or male sex they were assigned at birth.
Cisgender = a person whose gender identity conforms
unambiguously to conventional notions of gender, and matches
their natal/biologic gender
Transgender Umbrella
Bi-gendered
Cross-dresser
Gender bender
Pre/post-operative
Two-spirit
Intersex
Stud
Femme queen
Gender queer
Femme boi or Femme
boy
Identities and Transition
Identities include but are not limited to:
MTF = male to female,
transgender woman
FTM = female to male,
transgender man
Transition
Process and time when person goes from living as one
gender to living as another gender
Definitions of Sexual Attraction
Females
Bisexual/Pansexual
Males
Sexual Attraction Questions
Are you attracted to:
Different sex
Same sex
Both or all sexes
Neither
Not sure yet
How comfortable do you feel with this/these attractions?
Have you told your family or friends about this/these attractions?
Sexual Orientation Defined
Heterosexual - straight
Homosexual - gay,
lesbian
Refers to an
individual’s pattern
of physical and
emotional arousal
toward other people
Bisexual
Pansexual
Queer
Other
Understanding Sex
Understanding Sex
Increasing your knowledge of healthy and safe
sexual behavior can help create a responsible and
positive attitude about your sexuality and
relationships.
Sex can and should be pleasurable!
Questions About Sex
Is it normal to be curious about sex?
When you think about sex, what comes to mind?
What does sex mean to you? How do you define it?
What Are Some Types of Sexual
Activity?
Dry humping
Genital-toGenital Contact
Outercourse
Mutual
Masturbation
Kissing
Masturbation
Vaginal Sex
Sexual
Activity
Oral Sex
Anal sex
When a Person Becomes Stimulated
Males
The penis
hardens and
forms an
erection
A fluid called
pre-ejaculate
is released
from the
penis
Females
Males and
Females
Blood rushes
to clitoris
The vagina
becomes
wet
Nipples
become
erect
At Sexual Climax
Males
Females
Ejaculation:
semen comes
out of the
penis
Muscles of the
vaginal wall
contract
Not all
erections end
in ejaculation
Not all
females will
have a sexual
climax during
each sex act
Most Males and Females Have Sex at
17
Less Than Half of Teens Aged 15-19 Have
Had Sex
CDC/NCHS, National Survey of Family Growth, 2006–2010
Questions About Sex
What if I am curious about sex but not ready to have
it yet?
Masturbation:
A Safe Form of Sex
Both males and females can and do masturbate
Causes no physical harm and there is no risk of
pregnancy or STIs
Can relieve stress, tension, and sexual desire
Familiarizes you with your body
Questions About Sex
What if I am interested in someone sexually but not
ready to have sex?
Expressing Sexuality
What are some ways to express yourself sexually?
Hugging
Sexual talk
• Texting, phone sex, sharing fantasies, etc.
Holding hands
Massage
Dry humping
Mutual Masturbation
Questions About Sex
What If I think I’m ready to have sex?
Questions to Ask Yourself Before
Having Sex
Am I emotionally ready to have sex?
Am I comfortable with my partner?
How do my religious beliefs, spiritual beliefs, and
values affect my choice?
How will I feel after?
Is this something I will enjoy?
If You Decide You Are Ready
to Have Sex…
Before Having Sex for the First Time,
or with a New Partner
Get tested
Discuss past exposure to STIs
Discuss boundaries and consent
Talk to your doctor and develop a
pregnancy and STI prevention plan
What Should You Ask when
Making an Appointment?
How much will my visit cost?
Can my partner come with me?
Are services confidential?
Are you going to call my house?
Are you going to mail my test results?
Tips for Talking to Your Doctor
Be honest
Ask questions
Ask for an explanation
Pregnancy and Birth Control
Safety First
Sex is not inherently risky, but some behaviors do
carry risks
Awareness of this and access to protection
encourages healthy behavior and reduces unplanned
pregnancy
Understanding Pregnancy
Pregnancy
How does
pregnancy occur?
Myths
What are the facts?
Types of Sex That Increase
Chances of Getting Pregnant
Vaginal Sex
Genital-to-genital contact (only when semen is
ejaculated)
When Can a Woman Get Pregnant?
Can a woman get pregnant during her period?
When Can a Woman Get Pregnant?
Does a woman have to have an orgasm to become
pregnant?
When Can a Woman Get Pregnant?
Can a woman get pregnant if the guy “pulls out?”
Some Things to Keep in Mind
Teenagers are very fertile
Sperm can live inside of a woman’s body for up to 5
days
The best protection against pregnancy, other than
abstinence, is “Dual Use”
Using condoms with hormonal birth control (or copper
IUD)
Current Contraceptive Options
Extremely Effective
Very Effective
Prevents pregnancy >99% Prevents
of the time
pregnancy
~91–99% of
the time
Long Acting Reversible
Contraception:
• Intrauterine Devices
(IUDs)
• Implants
•
•
•
•
Pills
Ring
Patch
Injectable “the
shot”
Moderately
Effective
Prevents pregnancy
~91–99% of the time
• Condom
• Withdrawal or
“pulling out”
What Does Birth Control Look Like?
Choosing the Best Birth Control for You
Very personal decision
How well each method will work for you?
How effective is it?
How will it fit into your lifestyle?
What are the side effects?
Is it affordable?
Remember: birth control methods do not provide STI
protection
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Half of New STIs: Ages 15-24
Types of Sex Increase Exposure to
STIs
Vaginal sex
Anal sex
Oral sex
Genital-to-genital contact
Things That Increase STI Exposure
Having vaginal sex at a young age
Having more than one partner at the same time
Not using condoms or dental dams correctly every
time
How Can You Tell Someone Has an
STI?
Many STIs have no symptoms
When there are symptoms, they may include:
Burning when you urinate
Discharge from the penis or the vagina
Bumps or spots
Curable STIs
Chlamydia
• Often shows no symptoms
• Most common STI in the U.S.
Gonorrhea
• Often shows no symptoms
• Most common symptom is
discharge
Treatable STIs
Herpes
Syphilis
HIV/AIDS
If You Think You Have
Been Exposed to an STI
Get tested
STI clinics offer confidential screening
If the test is positive, follow your doctor’s advice for
treatment
Talk to your partner(s) and tell them to get tested
Preventing STIs
Abstinence
Male Condoms, Female Condoms, and Dental Dams
Things That Will Not Protect You
from STIs and Pregnancy
Douching or washing after sex
Withdrawing before ejaculation
Using plastic wrap instead of a condom
STI Prevention:
Condoms and Dental Dams
Most effective means of preventing STIs (besides
abstinence)
To be effective, you must use a new condom EVERY
time you have sex
For oral sex, use condoms or dental dams to cover
the penis, vagina, or anus
Barrier Methods
Male Condoms
• Latex
• Lambskin
• Polyurethane
Female condoms
(polyurethane)
Cervical Cap
Diaphragm
Using Condoms
Is there a right way and a wrong way to use a
condom?
Things to Remember About Condoms
Always check the expiration date and look for
damage to the wrapper or condom before using
Never use a condom more than once
Using two condoms at once does not offer increased
protection
You have to use the condom the entire time you have
sex
Other Things to Remember About
Condoms
Do not use oils, lotions, or Vaseline anywhere on the
condom (either inside or out)
Use lubricants (or lube) specifically designed for use
during sex!
What if…
The condom breaks?
You forgot to take your pill?
Sex was forced?
Is there anything you can do to prevent pregnancy?
Emergency Contraception, Plan B,
“Morning-After Pill”
What Is Emergency Contraception
(EC)?
A safe and effective way of preventing pregnancy in
cases of:
When your birth control fails (miss a pill/condom
breaks)
No form of contraception used
Unplanned or forced sex
Will not work if you’re already pregnant!
Branded EC Products in the U.S.
Plan B OneStep®
ella®
• One Pill
• Can take up to 5 days
after unprotected sex
• OVER-THE-COUNTER
for males and females
• One Pill
• Can take up to 5 days after
unprotected sex
• Prescription Only
• Can order online at www.ellakwikmed.com
• More effective if overweight
Generic EC Products in the U.S.
Next Choice™ One Dose
and My Way®
• Generic
• One pill
• Can take up to 5 days after
unprotected sex
• Over-the-counter for ages 17
& older; prescription required
for minors**
Levonorgestrel Tablets
• Generic
• Two pills
• Can take up to 5 days after
unprotected sex
• Over-the-counter for ages
17 & older
In Case of Pregnancy,
What Are Your Options?
Adoption
Continue the
Pregnancy
Parenthood
End the
Pregnancy
Abortion
Review of Objectives
Identify male and female reproductive physiology
Differentiate biological sex, gender identity and
expression, sexual orientation and attraction
Discuss different types of sexual activity and risks
associated with sexual behaviors
Describe methods of protections against sexually
transmitted infections (STIs) and pregnancy
Useful Websites
Planned Parenthood
www.plannedparenthood.org/teens
Sex, Etc.
www.sexetc.org
Go Ask Alice!
www.goaskalice.columbia.edu
Provider Resources and Organizational
Partners
www.advocatesforyouth.org—Advocates for Youth
www.aap.org—American Academy of Pediatricians
www.aclu.org/reproductive-freedom American Civil Liberties
Union Reproductive Freedom Project
www.acog.org—American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists
www.arhp.org—Association of Reproductive Health
Professionals
www.cahl.org—Center for Adolescent Health and the Law
www.glma.org Gay and Lesbian Medical Association
Provider Resources and Organizational
Partners
www.guttmacher.org—Guttmacher Institute
janefondacenter.emory.edu Jane Fonda Center at Emory
University
www.msm.edu Morehouse School of Medicine
www.prochoiceny.org/projects-campaigns/torch.shtml NARAL
Pro-Choice New York Teen Outreach Reproductive Challenge
(TORCH)
www.naspag.org North American Society of Pediatric and
Adolescent Gynecology
www.prh.org—Physicians for Reproductive Health
Provider Resources and Organizational
Partners
www.siecus.org—Sexuality Information and Education Council
of the United States
www.adolescenthealth.org—Society for Adolescent Health and
Medicine
www.plannedparenthood.org Planned Parenthood Federation of
America
www.reproductiveaccess.org Reproductive Health Access
Project
www.spence-chapin.org Spence-Chapin Adoption Services
Please Complete Evaluations Now
