National 4 & 5 Chemistry
Metal Chemistry, Electricity & Chemistry,Examples
NATIONAL 4 AND NATIONAL 5 CHEMISTRY
Unit 3: Chemistry in Society
METAL CHEMISTRY &
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
PRACTICE EXAMPLES BOOKLET
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National 4 & 5 Chemistry
N4/5
Metal Chemistry, Electricity & Chemistry,Examples
N4/5
METAL REACTIVITY AND DATE OF DISCOVERY
Q1) Using the N5 Chemistry Data Booklet; complete the REACTIVITY SERIES OF METALS
with the Date of Discovery.
REACTIVITY SERIES OF METALS
METAL
DATE OF DISCOVERY
potassium (K)
sodium (Na)
lithium (Li)
calcium (Ca)
magnesium (Mg)
aluminium (Al)
zinc (Zn)
iron (Fe)
tin (Sn)
lead (Pb)
copper (Cu)
mercury (Hg)
silver (Ag)
gold (Au)
Q2) What conclusion can be drawn from the metals reactivity and the date it was discovered.
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National 4 & 5 Chemistry
N4/5
Metal Chemistry, Electricity & Chemistry,Examples
METALS AND THEIR PROPERTIES
N4/5
1. Match the following terms to their definitions
electrical conductor
sonorous
flexible
lustrous
ductile
malleable
thermal conductor
All metals are shiny when polished or
freshly cut
Metals do not break – they bend
Metals can be drawn into wires
Metals can be hammered into sheets
Metals ring like a bell when hit - they
do not make a dull thud
All metals conduct electricity
Metals allow energy to flow through
them, causing heating
2. Which of the following are NOT properties of most metals?
strong
magnetic
brittle
hard
high melting point
3. Metal application is based on the properties that the metal or alloy will have. Identify the
properties of the metals which are important for the following uses.
1. Saucepans are made of
copper, iron, steel or
aluminium
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2. Electrical wires are made of
copper
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3. Springs are usually
made of steel (an alloy
of iron)
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National 4 & 5 Chemistry
4. A lot of jewellery is made of
gold
7. The filament in light bulbs is
made of tungsten
10. The casing on compasses is
made of brass or
aluminium
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Metal Chemistry, Electricity & Chemistry,Examples
5. Bells are made of bronze (an
alloy of copper and tin) or
brass (an alloy of copper and
zinc)
8. Saw blades are made of steel
11. Most airplanes today are
made out of aluminium.
Other metals, such
as steel and titanium, are
sometimes used to build
aircraft
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6. The framework of
skyscrapers is made of iron
or steel girders
9. Flashing – the joins on roofs
are waterproofed with sheets
of lead
12. Fishing weights marketed in
the past were made of lead
but those marketed today are
Tungsten, brass and steel.
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National 4 & 5 Chemistry
N4/5
Metal Chemistry, Electricity & Chemistry,Examples
REACTION OF METALS WITH OXYGEN
N4/5
Copy and complete the following word and formula equations.
(N5 students should balance the formula equations.)
1.
(a)
+
oxygen
?
(b) aluminium +
+
oxygen
O2
?
?
(c)
+
+
?
O2
?
?
(d) ?
Li
+
+
?
O2
?
?
(e)
?
+
?
?
+
O2
2.
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metal
?
Mg
Copper(ii)
Oxide
?
Write balanced ionic equations for the above reactions with state
symbols.
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National 4 & 5 Chemistry
N4/5
Metal Chemistry, Electricity & Chemistry,Examples
N4/5
REACTION OF METALS WITH WATER
Copy and complete the following word and formula equations.
(N5 students should balance the formula equations.)
1.
(a)
metal
+
water
?
+
?
(b)
calcium
+
water
?
+
?
+
H2O
?
+
?
?
+
?
?
+
?
Na
+
H2O
?
+
?
?
+
?
?
+
?
Li
+
H2O
?
+
?
?
+
?
Potassium +
hydroxide
?
?
+
H2O
(c)
(d)
(e)
?
+
2.
Write balanced ionic equations for the above reactions with state
symbols.
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?
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National 4 & 5 Chemistry
N4/5
1.
Metal Chemistry, Electricity & Chemistry,Examples
N4/5
REACTION OF METALS WITH ACID
Copy and complete the following word and formula equations.
(N5 students should balance the formula equations.)
(a)
metal
+
acid
?
+
?
(b)
lead
+
Hydrochloric
acid
?
+
?
?
+
?
?
+
?
?
+
?
?
+
?
Mg
+
HNO3
?
+
?
?
+
?
?
+
?
Ca
+
H2SO4
?
+
?
Zinc
+
?
Zinc nitrate
+
?
?
+
?
?
+
?
(c)
(d)
(e)
2.
Write balanced ionic equations for the above reactions with state symbols.
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National 4 & 5 Chemistry
N4/5
Metal Chemistry, Electricity & Chemistry,Examples
EXTRACTING METALS FROM ORES
N4/5
1. Describe briefly the three methods that are used to extract metals from their
ores.
2. Which metals occur naturally?
3. Which metals are extracted using carbon?
4. Which metals have to be extracted by electrolysis of their molten ore?
5. Zinc is extracted from zinc(ii) oxide by heating with carbon. The ionic
equation for this reaction is shown below.
zinc (ii) oxide + carbon  zinc+ carbon dioxide
Zn2+O2- (s) + C (s)  2Zn (s) +
CO2 (g)
6. In question 5:
a) Which element is reduced?
b) Which element is oxidised?
7. Electrolysis is the decomposition of an electrolyte (a molten or aqueous
compound that conducts electricity) using electricity. Complete the following
table:
Electrolyte
Product at anode
(+)
Product at cathode
(-)
Molten sodium chloride
Aqueus sodium chloride
Molten aluminum oxide
Aqueous potassium bromide
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National 4 & 5 Chemistry
Metal Chemistry, Electricity & Chemistry,Examples
8. Look at this diagram for the electrolysis of aluminium oxide and answer the
questions that follow:
a) What is the product at the anode?
b) What is the product at the cathode?
c) The anode is made of carbon and burns away (needing to be constantly
replaced). What is the product of this burning?
9. Here is a diagram to show the metallic structure of aluminium:
a) Define what a metallic bond is.
b) Explain in terms of structure and bonding why a metal like aluminium has:
i)
a high melting point
ii)
is relatively strong in tension
iii)
is a good conductor of electricity
iv)
is malleable (easily shaped)
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National 4 & 5 Chemistry
N4/5
Metal Chemistry, Electricity & Chemistry,Examples
N4/5
PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION
Find the percent compositions of all of the elements in the following compounds:
1)
CuBr2
Cu: ___________
Br: ___________
2)
NaOH
Na: ___________
O: ___________
H: ___________
3)
(NH4)2S
N: ___________
H: ___________
S: ___________
4)
N2S2
N: ___________
S: ___________
5)
KMnO4
K: ___________
Mn: ___________
O: ___________
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National 4 & 5 Chemistry
6)
Metal Chemistry, Electricity & Chemistry,Examples
HCl
H: ___________
Cl: ___________
7)
Mg(NO3)2
Mg: ___________
N: ___________
O: ___________
8)
(NH4)3PO4
N: ___________
H: ___________
O: ___________
P: ___________
9)
Al2(SO4)3
Al: ___________
S: ___________
O: ___________
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National 4 & 5 Chemistry
Metal Chemistry, Electricity & Chemistry,Examples
N5
1.
N5
OXIDATION & REDUCTION
Copy and complete the following ion-electron equations. Decide if each shows
oxidation or reduction reaction and complete.
EXAMPLE:
Mg
Mg2+
2e-
oxidation
(a) Cu2+
+
2e-
Cu
(b) Br2
+
2e-
2 Br-
(c) Al
Al3+
+
3e-
(d) Fe2+
Fe3+
+
e-
(e) Cu2+
+
e-
Cu+
(f)
+
O2 + 4e-
4OH-
+
H2O
SO42-
2 H2O
(g) SO322.
+
+ 2H+
+ 2 e-
Copy the following redox reactions. Name the reactant that is
oxidised and reduced.
EXAMPLE:
Zn(s)
+
Cu2+(aq) +
SO42-(aq)
Zn2+(aq) +
SO42-(aq)
+
Cu(s)
Zn is oxidised and Cu2+ is reduced.
(a)
Ca(s)
+
Ni2+(aq) +
2 Cl-(aq)
Ca2+(aq) +
2 Cl-(aq)
+
Ni(s)
(b)
Cl2(g)
+
2 K+(aq) +
2 Br-(aq)
2 K+(aq) +
2 Cl-(aq)
+
Br2(l)
(c)
Zn(s)
+
2 H+(aq) +
SO42-(aq)
Zn2+(aq) +
SO42-(aq)
+
H2(g)
(d)
4 Al(s)
+
3 O2(g)
2 (Al3+)2(O2-)3(s)
(e)
3 Mg(s)
+ (Fe3+)2(O2-)3(s)
+
2 Fe(l)
(f)
Identify any spectator ions in the reactions (a) – (e) and circle
them.
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3 Mg2+O2-(s)
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National 4 & 5 Chemistry
N5
1.
Metal Chemistry, Electricity & Chemistry,Examples
N5
ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES RULE 1
Here is a list of metals:
copper; potassium; lead; tin; magnesium; sodium; aluminium; nickel;
gold; iron.
Place the metals in order of the ability to lose electrons. Place the best at
losing electrons first.
2.
A pupil set up the following experiment with different pairs of metals.
METAL A
METAL B
zinc
tin
nickel
iron
calcium
silver
copper
copper
gold
silver
voltmeter
Filter paper
soaked in
salt solution.
METAL A
METAL B
(a) Place the pairs of metals in order of the size of voltage that would be
measured on the voltmeter – largest voltage first.
(b) Which pair of metals would give a reading of 0 V?
(c) Platinum is poorer than gold at giving away electrons. If metal B
was platinum:
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(i)
which metal from the metal A list would give the largest
voltage?
(ii)
which metal from the metal A list would give the smallest
voltage?
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National 4 & 5 Chemistry
ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES RULE 2
DISPLACEMENT
N4
1.
Metal Chemistry, Electricity & Chemistry,Examples
N4
Use the electrochemical series to predict if a displacement reaction will take place.
Metal
(a)
zinc
Solution
Products of Reaction
nickel(II) chloride
(b) calcium
copper(II) sulfate
(c)
zinc
magnesium
sulfate
(d) lead
mercury(II)
nitrate
(e)
magnesium tin(II) chloride
(f)
copper
(g) gold
Displacement
(yes / no)
copper(II) iodide
silver nitrate
(h) magnesium sulfuric acid
2.
(i)
aluminium
hydrochloric acid
(j)
gold
nitric acid
Write the word equations and underneath the formula equations for the displacement
reactions in question 1.
(N5 students should balance the formula equations.)
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National 4 & 5 Chemistry
Metal Chemistry, Electricity & Chemistry,Examples
N5
N5
WRITING REDOX EQUATIONS
Combine the oxidation and reduction reactions below to write the redox reaction.
1.
Pb2+(aq)
+
2.
Ag+(aq)
+
3.
Al3+(aq)
+
4.
2 H+(aq)
+
5.
Fe3+(aq)
+
6.
Au+(aq)
+
7.
Br2(l)
+
8.
I2(s)
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+
Zn(s)
Zn2+(aq)
2 e-
Pb(s)
Fe(s)
Fe2+(aq)
e-
Ag(s)
Li(s)
Li+(aq)
3 e-
Al(s)
Al(s)
Al3+(aq)
2 e-
H2(g)
Mg(s)
Mg2+(aq)
3 e-
Fe(s)
Cu(s)
Cu2+(aq)
e-
Au(s)
Na(s)
Na+(aq)
2 e-
2 Br-(aq)
Al(s)
Al3+(aq)
2 e-
2 I-(aq)
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+
2 e-
oxidation
reduction
+
2 e-
oxidation
reduction
+
e-
oxidation
reduction
+
3 e-
oxidation
reduction
+
2 e-
oxidation
reduction
+
2 e-
oxidation
reduction
+
e-
oxidation
reduction
+
3 e-
oxidation
reduction
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National 4 & 5 Chemistry
N5
Metal Chemistry, Electricity & Chemistry,Examples
N5
ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES RULE 3
Here is an electrochemical cell:
V
METAL B
METAL A
Solution containing
ions of metal A.
The table below shows various pairs
of metals, which were used to make
the electrochemical cell:
METAL A
METAL B
magnesium
tin
lead
aluminium
copper
gold
nickel
magnesium
tin
copper
silver
lead
gold
iron
calcium
zinc
Ion
Bridge
Solution containing
ions of metal B.
DIRECTION OF THE ELECTRON FLOW
From magnesium to tin
1.
Use the Electrochemical Series to predict the direction of electron flow of each pair of
metals. The first pair has been done for you.
2.
Using the Electrochemical Series and the “Z” to write the ion-electron equations for the
reactions taking place in each cell. For each cell state which substance is oxidised and
which substance which is reduced.
Here is the first one done for you.
Mg(s)  Mg2+(aq) + 2e-
Mg is oxidised.
Sn2+(aq) + 2e-  Sn(s) Sn2+ is reduced.
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National 4 & 5 Chemistry
N5
Metal Chemistry, Electricity & Chemistry,Examples
RESEARCH & RESPORT [2.1 AND 2.2]
N5
Assessment Activity 2
In activity 2, candidates will produce a short report, of 50–100 words or
equivalent, which covers both Assessment Standards 2.2 and 2.3. The
candidate should, with guidance from the assessor, select an application
of chemistry from a key area of this Unit, which they will investigate.
The candidate should describe the use of the application and consider
the effect of this application on the environment/society. This should be
done individually by the pupil and conducted under supervised conditions.
Research Task
Focus of Research task
Success Criteria
2.2
Describing an
application
By using the chemistry
knowledge you have learned in
this sub-topic describe an
application in everyday
life/society. This means use your
unit 2 learning intentions to
explain a situation where the
chemistry knowledge you have
learned has been used and put
into operation in a real life
situation.
When chemistry is used in a real
life situation it can be a benefit
to society but sometimes can
cause unwanted problems for
society and has an impact on the
environment. Highlight if possible
a chemical issue that comes from
a particular application of
chemistry learned in this topic.
It can be a chemical issue
related or unrelated to the
environment for example health
etc.
Evidence must
demonstrate that the
candidate has a clear
understanding of the
chemistry related to the
application and its
effect on the
environment/society.
2.3
Describing a
chemical issue in
terms of the effect
on the
environment/society
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The candidate’s report
should make statements
that are relevant to the
application and to the
issue, which
demonstrate
understanding of the
underlying chemistry.
These should use terms
and ideas that are
correct and at a depth
appropriate to National
5 Chemistry. [key
mandatory areas]
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National 4 & 5 Chemistry
RESEARCH &
REPORT [2.2 & 2.3]
Metal Chemistry, Electricity & Chemistry,Examples
CHEMISTRY
N5
FUEL CELL
INTRODUCTION
For the past few years, the
forklift trucks used in all Walmart
Pepsi
warehouses
have
been
powered by fuel cells.
and
Use the internet to research and
write a short report, balanced
article for a scientific magazine on the applications of modern
hydrogen fuel cells and their impact on society and the environment.
Make sure you include details of some of the chemistry involved
(including at least one method of obtaining the hydrogen) and at the
end of the piece, list all the websites and other sources you have
looked at during your research, even if you have not quoted from
them directly.
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