Participles Formation Sheet
Here is a guide to help you recognize the different participle forms and their various
constructions.
Remember that a participle is a verbal adjective.
Present Active Participles
Formation: Present Stem + -ns or –nt + 3rd declension i-stem endings
M/F
N
M/F
N
Nom. portāns
portāns
portantēs
portantia
Gen. portantis
portantis
portantium
portantium
portantī
portantibus
portantibus
Acc. portantem
portāns
portantēs
portantia
Abl.
portante
portantibus
portantibus
Dat.
portantī
portante
Translate using –ing
Example: Puerōs pugnantēs vīdī.
I saw the fighting boys.
th
NOTA BENE: for 3io and 4 conj – the stem will end in –ie- e.g. veniēns, venientis
Perfect Passive Participle
Formation: 4th principal part of the verb – declined like a 1st or 2nd Declension Adjective
Examples: portātus – having been carried
Mīlitēs ad urbem captam vēnērunt.
doctus – having been taught
The soldiers came to the captured city.
ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE! Participle + noun in the ablative
Often set off by commas from the rest of the sentence
Not connected grammatically to the rest of the sentence
Example: Librō āmissō, legere nōn potuī.
With the book having been lost, I was not able to read it.
Future Active Participles
Formation: 4th principal part with –ūr inserted between the stem and the –us, a, um
ending
Translated: about to ________________; going to ____________________
Example: portātūrus – about to carry
Most commonly used with a form of “sum”
Erat pugnātūrus.
Puellas librum lectūra est.
He was about to fight.
The girl is about to read the book.