Chapter 5: Skeletal System
The Appendicular Skeleton
Shoulder
Arm
Leg
Pelvis
Pectoral Girdle (shoulder)
Clavicle:
– Articulates with the sternum
and the scapula
– Helps make the shoulder joint
and an attachment point for
ligaments
Pectoral Girdle (shoulder)
Scapula: aka shoulder
blade
– Acromion: the end of the
spine that forms the
shoulder joint
– Glenoid Cavity: a “pocket”
for the head of the humerus
– The shape of the scapula
allows for muscles to attach
Arm Bones
Humerus
– Head: articulates with
the glenoid cavity
– Capitulum: rounded
knob that articulates
with the radius
– Trochlea: articulates
with the ulna
Ulna and Radius
Ulna: medial side of the
forearm
– Trochlear Notch: curved
area that receives the
trochlea of the humerus
Radius: lateral side of
the forearm
– Head: articulates with the
capitulum of the humerus
The Wrist, Hand, Fingers
Bones in each hand:
Carpals: 8 bones
Metacarpals: 5 bones
Phalanges: 14
Pelvis
Coxal Bones: The
hipbones that are made of
three fused bones
– Ilium: superior;
– Ischium: inferior and posterior
– Pubis: inferior and anterior
Acetabulum: that pocket
found where the bone fuse
Dude or Dudette?
•Female inlet (superior opening) is larger and more circular
•Female bones are lighter and more thin
•Female Ilia flare more laterally
•Female ischial spines are shorter; outlet (inferior opening) is larger
•Female pubic arch is more round as the bones are at a great angle
Nice Legs!
Femur: longest, heaviest,
strongest bone in the
body
– Head: articulates with the
acetabulum
– Greater and lesser
trochanters: muscle
attachment points
– Medial and Lateral
Condyles: articulate with
the tibia
Tibia and Fibula
Tibia: shin bone
– Bears the weight of the leg
– Articulates with the femur,,
fibula, and tarsal bones
– Has the medial malleolus
Fibula: parallel and lateral
to the tibia
-Has the lateral malleolus
Knee
Patella: kneecap
– Maintains positions of the
quadriceps tendon and
increase its leverage on
the tibia.
– Allow the knee to lock for
bipedal locomotion.
Foot
Tarsals: ankle bones
– 7 bones
– Talus: Articulates with the
tibia and fibula; has no
muscle attachments
– Calcaneus: heel bone
Metatarsals: 5 bones
Phalanges: 14 per foot