Vocabulary Chapter 1
Vocabulary
Anatomy
The study of the structure and shape
of the body and body parts with a
relationship to each other
Physiology
The study of how the body and its
parts work or function
Vocabulary
Atoms
small building blocks of matter
Cells
The smallest units of all living things
Tissues
groups of similar cells that have a
common function
Vocabulary
Organ
a structure composed of 2 or more
tissue types that performs a specific
function for the body
Organ system
a group of organs that cooperate to
accomplish a common purpose
Vocabulary
Organism
the highest level of structural
organization (everything working
together )
Integumentary system
the skin (external body covering)
Vocabulary
Skeletal System
bones, cartilages, ligaments, and
joints
Muscular System
all of the skeletal muscles
Nervous System
fast acting control system of the body
Vocabulary
Endocrine System
slow body control system
Cardiovascular System
the heart, blood vessels, and blood
Lymphatic System
cleans and returns blood fluids
Vocabulary
Respiratory System
responsible for gaseous exchange
Digestive System
break down food and deliver energy to
the body
Urinary System
removes any nitrogen containing
waste
Vocabulary
Reproductive System
exists to produce offspring
Movement
all activities promoted by the
muscular system
Responsiveness or irritability
ability to sense changes in the
environment and react to it
Vocabulary
Digestion
process of breaking down food into
simpler molecules for use in the body
Metabolism
all chemical reactions within the body
cells
Vocabulary
Excretion
the process of removing wastes
Reproduction
The process of creating offspring
Growth
an increase in size usually by
increasing cell number
Vocabulary
Nutrients
contain chemicals used for energy and
cell building
Oxygen
element that is required for energy
production
Vocabulary
Water
60%-80% of the human body
Body Temperature
controls the speed of metabolic
reactions
Vocabulary
Atmospheric Pressure
force exerted on the body by the force
of air
Homeostasis
ability to maintain stable living
conditions
Vocabulary
Receptor
monitors and responds to stimuli
Control Center
determines the level at which a
variable is maintained
Effector
Provides means for control center
response
Vocabulary
Negative Feedback Mechanism
homeostatic control mechanism that
shuts off or reduces the intensity of a
stimulus
Positive Feedback Mechanism
homeostatic control mechanism that
increases the intensity of a stimulus
Vocabulary
Homeostatic Imbalance
the disturbance of homeostasis