Conquistadores of the Spirit: Exploitation and Rebellion (composite unit)
1. Administrative: Revised due date for AP#2 (due next THURSDAY, not Tuesday)
2. Last Meeting: Gender, Race, and sectarian differences in relation to colonization strategies in
North America
A. Dutch model of colonization and implications for Iroquioa and trade relations with New
France and New England through 1670s
B. Implications of Dutch presence for development of English colonial system?
C. Nellis, pp. 89-128 (Griff, Hannah, David Manns, Dave Baty): English Colonies in
Mainland before 1650
3. Today: Implications of Sectarian differences and emerging systems of trade relations and labor
organization
A. Wright, pp. 62-110 (Josephine, Annie, Gabe, Angelica): Development of Slavery in English
colonies to 1700
1. How did the system of labor in the Chesapeake compare with English traditions?
2. Implications of distance and remoteness on the terms of trade for markets in bound labor
B. White, pp. 23-50 (Stephen, Tyler, Jeffrey): Refugees (Why did fur trade develop after 1620?)
1. What was the attraction of the fur trade for Algonquian and Iroquioan people?
2. How did the fur trade affect the status of Jesuit missionaries among Algonquian and
Iroquoisan people?
3. Why did Jesuits link Christian God to symbols of Algonquian gods? Results?
4. How and why did Iroquois relations with Susquehannas change, 1630s-1680s?
5. When and why did Iroquois initiate their campaigns against the Illinois
6. What were the ecological consequences of the cycle of wars in the Middle Ground?
7. What does Richard White mean by the phrase “refugee centers”?
8. How did refugee centers affect European perceptions of Indian folkways?
C. White, pp. 51-75 (Toni, Samantha): The Middle Ground
1. How did the Iroquois offensive affect French relations with Indians?
2. How did French leaders at Quebec and Montreal respond to the Iroquois offensive and why?
3. How did French authorities view inter-marriage between French men & Indian women?
4. How did Christianity affect gender roles in Algonquian families?
5. How was political power structured in Iroquoian and Algonquian societies?
D. Weber, pp. 92-122 (Bob McCormick, Stephanie, Jonathon, Kate): Conquistadores of the
Spirit
1. the Royal Orders of 1573 and implications for inter-racial interaction in Spanish
system, 1573-1660s
2. Comparison of women’s experiences in English and Spanish colonies?
3. What attracted Franciscans to North America? (comparisons with Puritan incentives?)
1. How did Maria de Jesus de Agreda influence Franciscan priorities?
2. What were Franciscan goals in North America? In Santa Fe?
4. Compare the Timucuan and Pueblo responses to Franciscans? Results?
3. How successful were the Franciscans in achieving their objectives by the 1660s? Why?
4. How did Franciscan strategies of conversion affect generational stability?
5. Why did Franciscans try to maintain segregated communities among converts?
E. How did Puritan objectives affect the internal stability of colonies predominantly Puritan?
1. How did Winthrop explain Puritan objectives in 1630?
2. Was there a contradiction between Puritan ideals and Puritan outcomes?
a. close-knit community ideal (“corporate community” model—Kenneth Lockridge,)
b. problem of population growth and expansion (re-colonization ideal)
c. problem of population growth and membership (“visible saints” vs “halfway saints”)
11 Jan 27 Thurs
F. Nellis, pp. 129-158: Growth in NE & Chesapeake, 1650-1700 (Gabe, Tyler, Stephanie,
David Manns)
G. Nellis, pp. 159-178: Civil War, Restoration, and British Empire in N.America (Annie,
Josephine, Griff, Jonathon)
H. Weber, 122-146: Exploitation, Contention, and Rebellion (Stephen, Bob, Kate)
I. White, pp. 75-93: Middle Ground—Murder, Vengeance, Covering the Dead (Jeffrey,
Samantha, Toni, Hannah, Dave Baty
J. did development of Puritan presence influence colonization elsewhere in North America?
1. What was the effect of the Puritan migration on Jamestown and the Chesapeake settlements?
2. How did the Puritan migration affect gender ratios and family structure in North America?
3. How did Puritan clerical leadership affect Indian-White relations in the Middle Ground?
K. What caused King Philip’s War in 1675/6?
L. What were causes and consequences of Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676?
M. What caused the Pueblo Revolt of 1680?
N. What happened to Father Gravier between 1684 & 1706?
1. Why did he oppose the marriage between Aramepinchiue and Accault?
2. Why was Aramepinchiue reluctant to marry Accault?
3. Why and how did Gravier convince Aramepinchiue to marry Accault in 1684?
4. What did Gravier’s murder in 1706 signify for Algonquian-French relations?
5. Why were so many French killed at the hands of their Algonquian allies in 1684?
O. What caused the Salem Witchcraft Scare in 1690?
P. How did the uprisings of 1675-1690 affect colonial systems of labor and civil authority?
5. Terms:
Estevan de Perea (ca 1629, Santa Fe)
1621-31)
Franciscan Order (est 1209, Assisi)
Indios de deposito (“rescued” Indians)
“Apostate” Indians (Creek allies v. missions)
Apache
“closed corporate community”
coureurs de bois
Aramepinchiue (Illinois woman, Kask.)
marriage a la facon du pays
Okamas (village leaders, Algonquian)
Michelimackinack (Cadillac, 1680s)
Great Village of Kaskaskias (IL)
Michilimackinac
Sault Sainte Marie
John Winthrop
Father Gravier (k. 1706)
John Sassamon
King Philip’s War
Bacon’s Rebellion
Pueblo Revolt (ca 1680-1693)
Santa Fe Witchcraft Crisis (1675)
Apalachicola Revolts (1675&1681)
Diego de Vargas (campaign of 1691-1694)
1680)
Maria de Jesus de Agreda (Poor Clares of St.Francis
Royal Orders for New Discoveries (1573)
indentured servants
Appallachee Missions
Commanche
“halfway” saints
voyageurs
Michel Accault (Frenchman with La Salle)
“hunting women”
Alliance Chiefs (French-influenced okamas)
Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, Sieur de Cadillac
Fort St. Louis
Green Bay
Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, Sieur de Cadillac
the Puritan Migration
Mary Rowlandson
Metacom
John Eliot
Declaration of the People (4 July 1676)
Popé (San Juan Pueblo)
Apalachicola Revolts (1675&1681)
Siege of Santa Fe (9 Aug. – Sept 21, 1680)
The Guale Offensive (British vs Spanish missions,