Taxonomy
Biological Classification
Taxonomy- the

classification of an
organism based on several key
features.
Behavior

Lifecycle

Genetic makeup (DNA)

Nutritional needs

Methods of obtaining food
Taxonomy divides organisms

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus
 Species- most specific category (these organisms are grouped together based on their
ability to breed and produce fertile offspring)
Naming Species
Carl Linnaeus
Aristotle
•
Made current system for classifying organisms.
•
Binomial nomenclature- a system of naming
organisms using a two-part name to label a
species.
•
Made the first recorded attempt of
classification of plants and animals.
•
The binomial name is written in Latin and is
considered the scientific name.
•
He grouped everything into 2 groups:
Plants and animals
•
Generic name (genus) specific (species)
•
Animals were broken into (Blooded
and bloodless)
Naming

Example: Genus Is Capitalized And
Species Is Lower Cased. The Whole
Name Is Italicized Or Underlined.
Canis lupus
Genus Species
The Six Kingdoms
Super Kingdom
Kingdom
Basic Characteristic
Example
Bacteria
Eubacteria
Found everywhere
Cyanobacteria
Archaea
Archaea
Lives without oxygen, gets
energy in inorganic matter
or light, is found in many
habitats
Halophiles
Eukaryote
Protista
One-celled or multicellular,
has true nucleus
Amoeba
Fungi
Multicellular feeds on dead
organism, cannot move
Mushroom
Plantae
Multicellular, cannot move,
makes own food, has cell
walls
Tree
Animalia
Multicellular, moves about,
depends on others for food
horse
Three Types of Domains
1.Eukarya- multicellular
organisms
2.Eubacteria- true
bacteria
3.Archaea- ancient
(harsh) bacteria
Protista

Contains a diverse group of unicellular and multicellular organisms

Plant-like protists -algae
 Have chlorophyll-containing
chloroplasts
 Autotrophs- Make their own food

Animal-Like protist (Protozoa)- one celled organisms
 Heterotrophs- cannot make their own food
 Parasites living in water, on soil, and on living or dead organisms
 Move using a flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia
Flagella
Cilia
Pseudopodia
Fungi

Heterotrophic organisms that secrete enzymes, allowing them to digest their food.

Unicellular or multicellular organisms

Contains a cell wall (made of chitin)

Live in an aquatic or moist environment
 Decomposers-
live in or on the matter that they break down as they us it for food
 Ex: Bread (mold), Blue cheese,

Foot fungus
Reproduce sexually (spores) or asexually (mitosis)
Plantae
 Multicellular Organisms That Have Eukaryotic (With Nucleus)
cells.
 Contains a cell wall (made of cellulose)
 Use photosynthesis to obtain food and are producers
Structures of plants

Nonvascular Plants- lack tissues used to
transport substances like water and
sugars.
• Vascular plants-contain specialized
structures for conducting substances and
as a result can live in drier environments
than the nonvascular plants.
Xylem-transports water
Phloem- transports sugar
Vascular Tissues
Animalia

Multicellular Organisms Made Of Eukaryotic Cells

Bodies are organized into one of 4 distinct body plans: radial,
segmented, bilateral, or asymmetrical

Animals are heterotrophic

Most reproduce sexually but some reproduce asexually

All animals are capable of movement at some stage in their lives

Some provide parental care, but most do not
Radial Symmetry
Bilateral Symmetry
Segmented Symmetry
Asymmetrical
Animals

Invertebrates
Animals without a backbone.

Most abundant group of animals

Multicellular and most form tissues, organs
and organ systems

Reproduce sexually and asexually
VertebratesAnimals that have a backbone.
Shared characteristics: 1.notochord- a firm
flexible rod that provides support and
stability.
2. Pharyngeal pouches- tissues (in fish
these tissue for gills) Ex: ear and jaw
structures
3. Endoskeleton-internal skeleton
composed of bones, cartilage or both
Archaea Bacteria

Prokaryotic (no nucleus) bacteria that thrive in many habitats

Considered consumers or decomposers

Structured cell wall, cell membrane and ribosomal RNA.

Archaea are anaerobic, which means they cannot tolerate Oxygen

Reproduce asexual reproduction through budding or binary fission
Microbes
Archaea Habitats

Methanogens- Produce Methane Gas And Live In Places As The Soil
And In The Intestines Of Herbivores

Halophiles- live in extremely salty environments like the Dead Sea

Thermoacidophiles-live in areas like the acidic sulfur springs of
Yellowstone National Park and under sea vents
 Important to agriculture,
waste water treatments and biotechnology
Eubacteria-true bacteria

Prokaryotic-one celled

Do not have a nucleus

They have a cell wall, cell membrane and
circular membrane called plasmid

Cause toxins
Types of bacteria: cocci,
bacilli, spirilla
Eubacteria classified

Heterotrophs-found Nearly Everywhere, Need Organic Molecules As An
Every Source And Feed On Living Organisms, Dead Organisms, Or
Organic Waste.
 Considered

consumers or decomposers
Autotrophs- photosynthetic bacteria that are found in ponds, lakes,
streams and most areas of land
 Ex. Cyanobacteria

(blue- Algae)
Chemotrophs- obtain energy from the breakdown of inorganic or nonliving substances such as nitrogen and sulfur compounds
Cyanobacteria
Bacteria- types
Name of
disease
Symptoms
Syphilis
Painless, skin rash, heart problems, mental
problems, blindness or even death
Leprosy
Skin lesions and sometimes stuffy nose
Tetanus
Muscle spams in the jaw, spams of skeletal muscles,
difficulty swallowing and muscle stiffness
Tuberculosis
Fever, ongoing cough that bring up thick, cloudy and
sometimes bloody mucous, fatigue, weight loss,
night sweats, and rapid heartbeat
Peptic Ulcers
Burning pain in stomach, vomiting and black stools
Viruses

A Small Particle That Contains Proteins And
Hereditary Material (DNA Or RNA) but IS
NOT ALIVE

Contain a protein coat or capsid

Must have a host cell
DiseasesSmall Pox
Flu
Influenza
Polio
Influenza virus